1. SINDH NURSES EXAMINATION BOARD KARACHI
Time 2 Hours
Second Year Nursing ExaminationSociology And Psychology
SessionSept2006Max Marks: 60
“SUBJECTIVE SECTION”Psychology
Q No. 1 Define psychology and explain its relationship with nursing?
Ans: study of behavior is called pyschology .
1.To know her patient behavior durring disease
2.To solve the pyshology problem of patient
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Q No. 2 Define memory? Explain Different stages of memory?
1. Ans: A person's power to remember things: "I've a great memory for faces".
2. The power of the mind to remember things: "the brain regions responsible for memory".
1. Sensory Memory
o The first stage of memory is known as sensory memory. Sensory memory
handles the information that you sense in the present. It records what you
hear, see, taste, feel and smell for a very brief period of time. Then it replaces
the information with new sensory information or converts it to short-term
memory if you realize something as meaningful, such as a beautiful sunset or
a confusing sign. Generally, visual data is recorded for only about 500
milliseconds before it is lost. Other sensory data is held for only about one or
two seconds before it is replaced. The sensory memory processes huge
amounts of information every day, but this information is uninterpreted. It is
like a large amount of raw data that is continuously being processed and
replaced.
Short-Term Memory

2. o Between sensory memory and long-term memory is the stage known as short-
term memory. Another name for it is working memory. Whereas the sensory
memory can process incredible amounts of information, the short-term
memory can hold only about seven items at a time. It retains this information
for 20 to 30 seconds, unless the information is rehearsed, in which case it can
be store the data for a while longer. Most of what the short-term memory holds
is the awareness of how you feel, the things you sense and the thoughts you
think. It can keep this information for a longer period of time because the
information is encoded and grouped into more meaningful parts. Mnemonic
devices, such as acronyms, are often used to group information together in
ways that allow the data to remain in the short-term memory for longer
periods.
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Long-Term Memory
o The third stage of memory is called long-term memory. This memory is
unlimited in capacity, unlike sensory memory and short-term memory.
Information in the long-term memory is likely to stay there for a very long time,
even an entire lifetime, without rehearsal or recalling it often. Rehearsing items
in the short-term memory can cause them to be converted to long-term
memory, but most long-term memories do not originate that way. People most
often have long-term memories of especially meaningful events, such as their
wedding day, a car crash or a child birth. The information stored in the long-
term memory is highly interconnected and forms schemas, which are like
groups of knowledge relating to a specific thing, such as a person, a concept
or an item.
Forgetting
o The process of forgetting can be caused by several things. There may be a
problem with the way the information was encoded, the way it was stored or
the process of retrieving the memory. If information is not realized as
meaningful and recorded accordingly, you are more likely to forget it soon.
Another theory of forgetting blames decay as the reason some memories
simply disappear after a period of time. Rehearsing information helps ensure
information stays available to you and doesn't disappear with time.
Q NO. 3 WRITE SHORT NOTES ON THREE OF THE
FOLLOWING?1.PERCEPTION2.LEARNING3.PERSONALITY4.EMOTION

3. PERCEPTION
1. The ability to see, hear, or become aware of something through the senses.
2. The state of being or process of becoming aware of something in such a way
LEARNING
1. The acquisition of knowledge or skills through experience, practice, or study, or by
being taught.
2. Knowledge acquired in this way.
1. The act, process, or experience of gaining knowledge or skill.
2. Knowledge or skill gained through schooling or study. See Synonyms at knowledge.
PERSONALITY
IT IS UNIQUE ORGANIZATION CHARACTERISTIC WHICH DETERMINED TYPICAL OR RECURRENT PATTERN OF INDIVIDUAL .