ppt presentation on problem solving

4. What is a Problem?
A problem exists when
a problem solver has a
goal but does not
know how this goal is
to be reached.

5. Problem-solving is a mental process
that involves
discovering, analyzing and solving
problems.
The ultimate goal of problem-solving
is to
overcome obstacles and find a
solution that
best resolves the issue .

6. DEFINITION
“Problem solving is a process of
overcoming difficulties that
appear to interfere with the
attainment of a goal. It is a
process of making adjustment in
spite of interferences”
Skinner

9. Algorithms
 An algorithm is a step-by-step
procedure that will always produce a
correct solution.
 A mathematical formula is a good
example of a problem-solving
algorithm.

10. Heuristics
Heuristics are general
strategies used to make
quick, short-cut solutions to
problems that sometimes
lead to solutions but
sometimes lead to errors.

11. Trial-and-Error
A trial-and-error approach
to problem-solving involves
trying a number of different
solutions and ruling out
those that do not work.

12. Insight
In some cases, the
solution to a problem can
appear as a sudden
insight.

13. BRAINSTORMING
Brainstorming is a
problem-solving strategy
in which you come up with
as many possible solutions
as you can, usually within
a certain period of time.

14. Factors Affecting Problem Solving

15. Factors inherent in the nature of the
problem
Simplicity & complexity of the problem.
 size or shape of the problem.
Appropriate or inappropriate definition of the
problem.
Nature of the definiteness of the problem.
Similarity or analogy with the problems
experienced or solved in
the past.
Help available from present circumstances &
resources at hand.

16. Factors associated with
the problem solver
Level of previous learning or training.
Interest and motivational level.
Analysis of the problem.
Mental set.
Functional fixedness.
Mental and physical states.
Time spent on solving the problem.

17. Role of Teacher
Help the pupils to locate and select the
problem to be solved
Create moderate motivation in learner
Encourage divergent thinking
Present the problem as a whole
Guide the pupils
Give practice