1.
Artificial Intelligence:
An Introduction
Savio Victor

2.
What is Ai?

3.
A machine that mimics cognitive functions.
It is the science and engineering of making intelligent
machines.
In computer science AI research is defined as the study of
"intelligent agents": any device that perceives its environment
and takes actions that maximize its chance of success at some
goal.

4.
Cognition?

5.
History

6.
The Turing Test
Proposed By Alan Turing in 1950
The Logic Theorist
Often considered as the first AI Program. It solved 38 of the first 52
theorems in Principia Mathematica. Written by Allen Newell,
Herbert A. Simon and Cliff Shaw.
Arthur Samuel
Writes a self learning program for the game of checkers.

7.
Expert Systems
AI program that simulated the knowledge and analytical skills of
human experts.
Ai Labs
Set up at places like Stanford and MIT.
Ai Winters
During 1974 and 1987

8.
What has
made AI
possible
now?
1.Data
2.Computing
Power

9.
Lets brush Through
Some Terms

10.
Machine Learning
Gives the computers the ability to
develop algorithms on their own
without being explicitly
programmed.
Learn from a lot of data.

11.
Types of Learning
Supervised Learning
Unsupervised Learning
Semi-supervised Learning
Reinforcement Learning

12.
Artificial Neural
Networks
Inspired from the Biological
Neural Networks in animal
brains

13.
Deep Neural Nets

14.
Natural Language Processing (NLP)
A field of computer science, artificial intelligence and
computational linguistics.
Lets people and machines talk to each other “naturally.”
All systems that work together to handle end-to-end
interactions between machines and humans in the
preferred language of the human.

15.
NLP processes turn text into structured data.
Eg: A sentence like
“I need a train to Kannur on December 8’th”
must be parsed and given structure:
need:train {intent} / Kannur{city}/ Dec 8’th{date} / sentiment:
0.5723 (neutral)

16.
Natural Language Understanding
It’s a specific type of NLP
NLU involves genuinely understanding what the text says
NLU is used by conversational agents including Alexa, Siri
and Google Assistant.

17.
Natural Language Generation
NLG is what happens when computers write language.
It turns structured data into text.

18.
NLP is computers reading language.
NLG is computers writing language.
NLU is computers understanding
language.

19.
Applications
Sentiment Analysis
Text Summarisation
QA Systems
Chatbots

20.
Computer Vision
Interdisciplinary field
It deals with how computers can be made for gaining
high-level understanding from digital images or videos.
Eg : Object Recognition

21.
Calibers of AI

22.
Weak AI
Also referred to as Artificial Narrow Intelligence.
AI that specializes in one area
No genuine intelligence, no self-awareness.

23.
Deep Blue
Vs
Garry Kasparov

24.
IBM Watson
It is a question answering computer system capable of
answering questions posed in natural language.
In 2011 Watson beat human competitors and won $1 million on
Jeopardy.
Named after IBM’s first CEO Thomas Watson.

25.
AlphaGo
AlphaGo is a computer program that plays the board game
Go, developed by Google’ DeepMind.
Go is an ancient Chinese game.
In March 2016, it beat Lee Sedol a 9 dan professional in a
five-game match.
AlphaGo Beat Lee 4-1.

26.
AlphaGo learnt the game of Go by analyzing thousands of
games between human players.
Later, it improved its skills by playing against itself millions of
time.
AlphaGo Zero : Released By DeepMind 2 months back in
October.
It started with nothing more than the rules of the game and
learned entirely from playing games against itself starting with
completely random moves.

27.
Speech
Recognition
Google’s system has attained an
accuracy of 95%

28.
Google
Translate
Translates over 100 languages

29.
Other Examples
Google Search
RankBrain Introduced in 2015.
Facebook
NewsFeed And Friend Suggestions.
Amazon
Product Recommendations.

30.
Computers
can
1. Learn
2. See
3. Listen and Speak

31.
Strong AI
Also referred to as Artificial
General Intelligence or
Human Level AI
It can perform any
intellectual task that a
human being can.

32.
“A very general mental capability that,
among other things, involves the ability
to reason, plan, solve problems, think
abstractly, comprehend complex ideas,
learn quickly, and learn from experience.”
- Professor Linda Gottfredson

33.
Tests for Confirming AGI
The Turing Test (Turing)
The Coffee Test (Wozniak)
The Robot College Student Test (Goertzel)
The Employment Test (Nilsson)

34.
Where is AGI going to
come from?
When is AGI going to
come?

35.
After AGI has been
achieved, what is going
to happen next?

36.
Rapid Recursive Self Improvement : A runaway reaction of
self-improvement cycles, with each new and more intelligent
generation appearing more and more rapidly.
Leading to An Intelligent Explosion.
A Technological Singularity!
AGI will reach what is known as Artificial Super Intelligence
surpassing human intelligence.

37.
“An intellect that is much smarter than
the best human brains in practically
every field, including scientific creativity,
general wisdom and social skills”
- Nick Bostrom, Leading AI Thinker And Oxford Philosopher

38.
Google’s
TensorFlow
An open-source software library
for Machine Learning.

39.
Makoto Koike
Problem: Sort cucumbers
into 9 categories by size,
shape, color and other
attributes.
Solution: Makoto used
TensorFlow to apply deep
learning.

40.
Conclusion

41.
Overview
1. What Is AI, Machine Learning &
Deep Learning?
2. Weak AI & Strong AI
3. What has made AI Possible
now?
4. Where Is the field of AI heading
to?

42.
AI is the new
Electricity

43.
Safe And Friendly AI

44.
Not This!

45.
It is Software 2.0

46.
“Artificial Intelligence, deep learning,
machine learning — whatever you’re
doing if you don’t understand it — learn it.
Because otherwise you’re going to be a
dinosaur within 3 years.”
- Mark Cuban

47.
SunSpring : A
Sci-Fi Short Film