Amap Technology - Perfotec and TOP

Factors influencing the keeping-quality
Advice : pretend you’re a single lettuce leave!

• Quality of raw-material
• Product temperature
& residence time
• Initial gas content (MA)
• Moisture content
• Film (permeability)
• Mechanical process
• Preparation & Handling
•……
Advice : determine the CCP (QACCP) based on this list

Wouter de Heij M.Sc. +31.6.55765772 - AMAP - © 2012

Biological variance a fact of life

Quality 5
(color,
smell, 4
texture)
score 3

2

1

0 5 10 15
Keeping Quality (days)


Re-positioning when improving?
Food Specia-
Service list
Quality 5
attribute Product
repositioning A
(color, 4
Product
smell, repositioning A B
texture, 3
…)
Discount
2 supermarkt
score
1

0 5 10 15


Re-positioning when improving?

Quality 5
(color, “Near-fresh” products
smell, 4 (emerging market)
texture)
score 3

2

1

0 5 10 15


Demands of a proper packaging

1. Proper design : Seduces consumers to buy
- - Essential aspect for non-users (first buyers)

2. Must fulfill the (organoleptic) expectations of consumers
- - Essential to make heavy-users out of light-users
This presentations
- - Essential to make no non-users out of light-users

3. Must be positions on the proper place in the supermarket
- Correct shelf; same shelf, recognizable


Respiration background of fresh-produce

Temperature

N2

H2O CO2
O2


Keeping quality of (fresh-cut) fruit
Type or tissue or origin
Produce size
Internal Stage of development
A. Respiration Climactic vs non-climactic
Mechanical damage
External Sanitize condition
Temperature product
Atmospheric condition (O2, CO2 C2H4)
Physical barrier (waxes, plastic films)

Type or tissue or origin
KQ of B. Transpiration Internal
Specie and variety
Fruit
Integrity and sanitary condition

External Relative humidity
Product temperature
Air movements
C. Ethylene Respiration Altitude
(plant hormone) Ripening Physical barrier (waxes, plastic films)

Loss of chlorophyll (undesirable in veg.)
Production of carotenoids and antocianines.
D. Maturity process
and ripening Starches conversion into sugars.
Changes in organic acids, proteins and fats.
Reduction in tannins and fungistatic compounds.


Factors affecting the respiration rate of fruits

Internal:

• Type of tissue or organ : Leaves > fruits > roots.

• Product size : bigger size < respiration rate.

• Stages of development : young leaves > respiration.

In fruits will depend on their classification as
climacteric or non-climacteric.


Perishability rate.


Factors affecting the respiration rates:

External:

• Mechanical damage and product’s sanitary condition.

• Temperature of external environment.

• Atmosphere composition (< Oxygen and CO2 <
respiration; > ethylene > respiration).

• Physical barriers (waxes, plastic films, etc.)


Effect of O2 on RR (Michaelis Menten)


Keeping Quality versus the respiration rates
Potatoes
Salads
Potatoes Swede
long

Strawberry
Objective of MAP Sprouts
Broccoli
Asparagus
Shelf life

Swede Peas
Spinach
Broccoli
Salads Sprouts
Asparagus
Strawberry

Peas
short

Spinach

low RESPIRATION high


Effect of packaging design

X ✔ X


Design of (E)MAP : multidisciplinary approach
Ketentemperatuur
Optimale steady-state-condities
CBL, pallet, stock verblijftijd

Ketenomstandigheden
Type machine
Marketing
& sales
Gasmenger
Gasmengsel op t=0

Proper Instellingen (flush)
Designed
Massa / headspace
(E)MAP
verhouding
Verpakkingsoppervlak (m2)

NPD
Film eigenschappen

Ademhaling
vh product (C)OTR Film (onbehandeld)

Land van herkomst
Verhouding
Aantal gaatjes per m2
mengsel
Seizoen Gat grootte
Type grondstof


Ketentemperatuur

Ketenomstandigheden
Type machine
Marketing
& sales
Gasmenger
Gasmengsel op t=0

Designed
Massa / headspace
(E)MAP
verhouding

NPD
Film eigenschappen

Ademhaling

Land van herkomst
Verhouding
mengsel
Seizoen Gat grootte
Type grondstof
TD/TECHNIEK

Ketentemperatuur

Ketenomstandigheden
Type machine
Marketing
& sales
Gasmenger
Gasmengsel op t=0

Designed
Massa / headspace
(E)MAP
verhouding

NPD
Film eigenschappen

Ademhaling

Land van herkomst
Verhouding
mengsel
Seizoen Gat grootte
Type grondstof
QA/QC

Ketentemperatuur

Ketenomstandigheden
Type machine
Marketing
& sales
Gasmenger
Gasmengsel op t=0

Designed
Massa / headspace
(E)MAP
verhouding

NPD
Film eigenschappen

Ademhaling

Land van herkomst
Verhouding
mengsel
Seizoen Gat grootte
Type grondstof
Klant en keten

Ketentemperatuur

Ketenomstandigheden
Type machine
Marketing
& sales
Gasmenger
Gasmengsel op t=0

Designed
Massa / headspace
(E)MAP
verhouding

NPD
Film eigenschappen

Ademhaling

Land van herkomst
Verhouding
mengsel
Seizoen Gat grootte
Type grondstof
Productontwikkeling en innovatie

Ketentemperatuur

Ketenomstandigheden
Type machine
Marketing
& sales
Gasmenger
Gasmengsel op t=0

Designed
Massa / headspace
(E)MAP
verhouding

NPD
Film eigenschappen

Ademhaling

Land van herkomst
Verhouding
mengsel
Seizoen Gat grootte
Type grondstof INKOOP


Design of MAP and EMAP

Concentration O2, CO2 (%)

O2 concentration

Time (days)



1 1. Higher oxygen level

2 2. Lower oxygen level

1

2
O2 concentration

Time (days)



1. Open film :
high OTR,
O2 conc.
1

2
2. Closed film :
Low OTR
Time (days)


Optimisation of shelf life via MAP optimasation
1. Typical O2-concentration

2. More open film
(e.g. Perforated film)
Concentration O2, CO2 (%) 3. Gas flushing &
O2 concentration perforated film

3
2
Optimal O2
concentration
(EMAP)

1

Time (days)


Effect of scavangers (patent TOP/Perfotec)

1. Without scavanger

2. With scavanger

1

O2 concentration
2

Time (days)



Classical MA packaging (MAP) Modern EMAP packaging

CO2

CO2 conc
Target CO2

O2 O2 concentration

Target O2

Time (days) Time (days)



• What are the current research questions?

- How to choose correct film permeability?
- How to decide the amount of perforations?
- How to decide the size of the perforations?

• Our answer : a fast respiration meter + software


Launched at FreshConex 2010,

Sold via:


Design of MAP and EMAP - 2010

Launched at FreshConex 2010,

Sold via:



Respiration rate



EMAP



EMAP
• Better quality
• Extended shelf life
• Less losses
• More sustainable


Amap Technology - Perfotec and TOP

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Amap Technology - Perfotec and TOP