I made this for my Western Civ II class on April 27, 2017. I couldn't find anything online that dealt with these issues, so I cobbled this together from a lot of sources. It's rough, but I think the material is important so I wanted to get it out into the public arena.

2. Vladimir Putin
2000-2008 President
2008-2012 Prime Minister
2012-present President

4. “Foundations of Geopolitics”
Russian strategic document published in 1997
1) Avoid Military Confrontation
2) Use Political Stealth
3) Infiltrate Western Institutions
Ex: The Free Press, Elections
4) Annex Ukraine
5) Encourage Britain to Leave the EU
6) Undermine the United States

5. “Foundations of Geopolitics”
Destabilize US led system of global alliances and
international order
“introduce geopolitical disorder into internal
American activity, encouraging all kinds of
separatism and ethnic, social and racial conflicts,
actively supporting all dissident movements –
extremist, racist, and sectarian groups, thus
destabilizing internal political processes in the U.S.
it would also make sense simultaneously to support
isolationist tendencies in American politics.”

8. Viktor Yanukovych, PM of Ukraine and Vlad the Impaler, I mean . . .
Yanukovych ousted Feb. 2014, Crimea annexed March. 2014

13. MILITARY AGGRESSION IS JUST ONE
ELEMENT OF RUSSIAN HYBRID WARFARE
AGAINST UKRAINE
Other elements:
1)propaganda based on lies and falsifications
2)trade and economic pressure
3)energy blockade
4)terror and intimidation of Ukrainian citizens
5)cyber attacks
6)a strong denial of the very fact of war against
Ukraine despite large scope of irrefutable evidence
7)use of pro-Russian forces and satellite states in its
own interests
8)blaming the other side for its own crimes.
Source: http://mfaukraine.blogspot.com/2017/02/ (Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine)

14. Active Measures
• 3rd parties used for cyber attacks
• Examples
– Denial of Service attacks shut down utilities
– Hacking election machinery
– Hackers gather sensitive information
– Trolls and Bots amplify disinformation and bully
opponents
– Key “Fake News” strategy: Repetition to Target
audiences
• Key term: Confirmation Bias

15. The disinformation campaign is a non-military measure for achieving political
goals.
Disinformation is “another type of armed forces”
The aim of this disinformation campaign is to weaken and destabilize the West by
exploiting existing divisions or creating artificial new ones.
Another strategy is to spread as many conflicting messages as possible, in order to
persuade the audience that there are so many versions of events that it is
impossible to find the truth.
http://euromaidanpress.com/2017/01/20/kremlin-disinformation-campaign-extremely-
successful-eu-stratcom/ from EU East StratCom Task Force

16. Petro Poroshenko, current PM of Ukraine

17. As of May, 2016

18. Ultranationalists/Populists in Europe
• Ultra Nationalism: extreme nationalism that
promotes the interest of one state or people
above all others.
• Populism: the quality of appealing to or being
aimed at ordinary people.
• In practice
– Anti Immigrant
– Anti Globalist or Economic Nationalists
– Anti Secular or Anti Muslim
– Sometimes Violently Racist
– See Putin as an ally

19. Syrian
Refugee Crisis

22. Razor Wire Fences

24. “Globalization
didn’t create a lot
of losers, but the
ones it did were
concentrated in
the countries that
were the driving
forces behind it.”

28. Brexit,
June 2016
52% to 48% voted to leave
Urban vs. Rural
Young vs. Old
Educated vs. Not
Scotland vs. England
75% of those under 25 want
to stay
London, the major cities, and
all of Scotland voted to stay.
Issues:
Local Control
Money for Healthcare
Migrant Workers
Muslim Immigrants

31. “Germany is the jackpot as far as Mr. Putin is concerned. The Russians have
realized if they have a friendly leader in Germany they will succeed in basically
paralysing the EU decision making from the inside.”
“The effort to knock off Angela Merkel will be huge.”
UK-based think tank RUSI international director Jonathan Eyal

32. In France Macron vs. Le Pen