2. Topic
 What Is Global Warming
 How Global Warming Occurs
 Effects Of Global Warming
 How To Prevent It

4. History Of Earth’s Climate
 Earth formed ~4.6 billion years ago
 Originally very hot
 Sun’s energy output only 70% of present
 Liquid water present ~4.3 billion years

5. Continued…
 Life appeared ~3.8 billion years ago
 Photosynthesis began 3.5-2.5 billion years ago
 Produced oxygen and removed carbon dioxide and
methane (greenhouse gases)
 Earth went through periods of cooling (“Snowball
Earth”) and warming

6. What Is GLOBAL WARMING?
 Global warming is the
rise in the average temperature
of Earth's atmosphere and
oceans since the late 19th
century and its projected
continuation.

7. Continued…
 Since the early 20th century,
Earth's mean surface temperature
has increased by about 0.8 °C
(1.4 °F), with about two-thirds
of the increase occurring since
1980.

9. Green House Effect
 The greenhouse effect is the process by
which absorption and emission of infrared radiation
by gases In the atmosphere warm a planet's lower
atmosphere and surface.

15. Effects on Wetlands and Forests
 Over the last 5 decades,
in areas of the Kenai NWR:
 Open areas decreased by 34%
 Wet areas decreased by
USFWS photo
88%
 Water and lakes decreased by
 14%
USFWS photo courtesy Ed
Berg

16. % Decrease in % Decrease in Area
Study Area Number of Ponds of Ponds
Copper River Basin 54 % 28 %
Minto Flats SGR 36 % 25 %
Innoko Flats NWR 30 % 31 %
Yukon Flats NWR 10 % 18 %

17. Ocean Acidification
“The surface ocean currently absorbs about one-fourth of the
CO2 emitted to the atmosphere from human activities.”
Monaco Declaration
2008
Remains in the
atmosphere
(greenhouse gas)
Dissolves in
sea water
CO2 + H20 HCO3- + H+
(ACID) CO2
Water becomes
CO2
more acidic.

18.  The ozone layer protects the Earth from the
ultraviolet rays sent down by the sun. If the ozone
layer is depleted by human action, the effects on the
planet could be catastrophic.

19.  Deaths from global warming will double in just
25 years, to 300,000 people a year.
 Heat waves will be more frequent and intense.
 Droughts and wildfires will occur more often.
 The Arctic Ocean could be ice free by 2050.

20. MELTING OF ICE IN ICE-LANDS
 Two main factors contributed to observed sea level
rise.
 The first is thermal expansion: as ocean water
warms, it expands.
 The second is from the contribution of land-based ice
due to increased melting. The major store of water on
land is found in glaciers and ice sheets.

21. SOME MESUREMENT OF OCEAN
LEVEL
 Between 1870 and 2004, global average sea levels rose
195 mm .
 From 1950 to 2009, measurements show an average
annual rise in sea level of 1.7 ± 0.3 mm per year, with
satellite data showing a rise of 3.3 ± 0.4 mm per year
from 1993 to 2009

22. Which type of arctic & aquatic
animal can affected due to global
warming

23. Process of global warming on
aquatic animal
 Because of global warming the temperature increases.
 It passes heat to ocean.
 Then the water becomes less dense due to heat.
 Less dense water separates from a nutrient-filled cold
layer below.
 Then the food chain of all animal broke or
 Change natural habitats and food supply

27. Reduce our consumption of fossil fuels
Because greenhouse gas emissions are tied very closely to our energy
consumption, using less fossil fuel based energy puts fewer
greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.
Mountaintop removal for
This will help slow global warming.
coal mining near
Rawl, West Virginia.
50% of electricity in the
United States is produced
from coal.

28. We can make some simple substitutions
Replacing just 1 incandescent light bulb with 1 compact
florescent bulb saves about 150 pounds of carbon
dioxide per year!
If every American household replaced just 5 high-use
incandescent bulbs with compact florescent lights we'd
collectively save more than $8 billion each year in energy costs
and we would prevent the greenhouse gases equivalent to the
emissions from nearly 10 million cars.

29. What We Can Do
 Use Wind Energy
 Reduce CO2 Emission
 Action is essential at
every level
 Individual
 International
 Plant & Save trees
 Recycle the product

30.  Useless usage of AC's and
Refrigerators should be stopped
because from them harmful rays cfc's
are emitted which results in
depletion of ozone layer and from
that hole UV rays of Sun comes to the
earth and cause many diseases to
both animals and plants i.e. Skin
cancer etc.

31.  We have Collected all information from following
links:
 www.stopglobalwarming.org
 www.climatehotmap.org
 www.nrdc.org/globalWarming/default.asp