Summer internship report : LTE KPI OPTIMIZATION / Mumbai University (MMS / MBA)

A Dissertation Report on
Summer Internship Report
LTE KPI OPTIMIZATION
AT
Reliance Jio Infocomm Ltd.
Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements
of the degree of
Master of Management Studies(MMS)
(Under University of Mumbai)
in
Information Technology (System)
by
Amit Ashok Devlekar
(Roll No. 07)
Under The Guidance of
MS. Suchitra Patil
Batch: 2018-2020
Kala Institute of Management Studies & Research
(Approved by AICTE & DTE, Affiliated to University of Mumbai)

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project entitled “Reliance Jio Infocomm Ltd-LTE KPI
Optimization” (Reliance Digital Platform & Project Service Ltd.) has been
submitted by “Mr. Amit Ashok Devlekar” (Roll No. 07) fulfilment of the
requirements for the award of the degree “Masters of Management Studies” in
“Information Technology (System)” from Kala Institute of Management
Studies & Research, Mumbai.
_________________________ _______________________
Internal Guide External Examiner
Date: ____/____/____
Place: ____________
College Seal

DECLARATION
I declare that this written submission represents my ideas in my own words and
where others' ideas or words have been included, I have adequately cited and
referenced the original sources. I also declare that I have adhered to all principles
of academic honesty and integrity and have not misrepresented or fabricated or
falsified any idea/data/fact/source in my submission. I understand that any
violation of the above will be cause for disciplinary action by the Institute and can
also evoke penal action from the sources which have thus not been properly cited
or from whom proper permission has not been taken when needed.
-----------------------------------------
(Signature)
Amit Ashok Devlekar
(Roll No. 07)
Date: __ / __ /____
Place: _________

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This project became a reality with the kind support and help of many individuals.
I would like to extend my sincere thanks to all of them.
Foremost, I am highly indebted to my supervisor Ms. Suchitra Patil for her
guidance and constant supervision. I would thank her for imparting her knowledge
and expertise in this study & support in completing this endeavour.
I am furthermore would like to acknowledge the support I received from cross
functional departments who has always been encouraging so I can work better and
also the people who have willingly helped me out with their abilities. Last but not
the least I want to express gratitude towards my family for the encouragement
which helped me in completion of this report.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This is a brief report of Summer Internship project titled “Reliance Jio Infocomm
Ltd.,” a subsidiary of Reliance Industries Limited with permanent employees
spread across multiple functions including Reliance petrochemical, Refinery, Oil
& Gas related operations, Reliance Retail, Reliance Life Sciences, Reliance
Logistics, Reliance Clinical Research Services, Reliance Solar, Reliance
Industrial Infrastructure Limited.
The internship was conducted in Jio Centre Charkop, Kandivali. Jio has its
headquarters in RCP Ghansoli, Navi Mumbai.
Reliance Jio Infocomm Ltd (Reliance Digital Platform & Project Service Ltd), a
subsidiary of Reliance Industries Limited (“RIL”), has built a world-class all-IP
data strong future proof network with latest 4G LTE technology. It is the only
network conceived and born as a Mobile Video Network from the ground up and
supporting Voice over LTE technology. It is future ready and can be easily
upgraded to support even more data, as technologies advance on to 5G, 6G and
beyond.
Jio will bring transformational changes in the Indian digital services space to
enable the vision of Digital India for 1.2 billion Indians and propel India into
global leadership in the digital economy. It has created an ecosystem comprising
of network, devices, applications and content, service experience and affordable
tariffs for everyone to live the Jio Digital Life
Network infrastructure provides the fundamentals for people to communicate. It
has a fast growing digital audience with 800 million mobile connections and over
200 million internet users.
Note: Recently Reliance Jio Infocomm Ltd is Renamed as Reliance Digital
Platform & Project Service Ltd

TABLE OF CONTENTS
SR.NO TOPIC PAGE NO
1
Chapter-1
Introduction
1.1 Background
1.2 Other Competitors
1.3 Project Aim
2 - 4
2
Chapter 2
Company Profile
2.1 About Reliance Jio
2.2 Vision
2.3 Press Releases
2.4 SWOT Analysis
6 - 12
3
Chapter 3
LTE NW Architecture & Optimization
3.1 LTE NW Architecture Diagram & Explanation
3.2 RF Drive Testing
3.3.KPI Optimization
3.4 Tools used for KPI Optimization
14 - 27
4
Chapter 4
4.1 Summary of Project/work handled. 28 - 36
5
Chapter 5
5.1 Conclusion
5.2 Bibliography
38 - 39

Reliance Jio Infocomm Ltd-LTE KPI Optimization
1
Chapter:1

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Chapter1: Introduction
The word “Telecommunications” has often been used which involves set of different
technologies. To understand today’s telecom industry is a prerequisite for to reach desired
architectural transformation. It has been life force of the contemporary society.
Telecommunication has covered 98% of the world under its network. After the successful
application of globalization, telephone and internet services has become an important means
of selling and marketing your products. Telecommunication had helped to integrate the
government and its various departments with the help of people to know about their needs and
meet those efficiently. From modern business perspective, telecommunication has changed the
concept of marketing. Online marketing is the most inexpensive way to reach your target
market, regardless of the size of your business. The demanding market of live streaming and
broadcasting requires fast and dependable wireless connections. Ever since mobile
telecommunications standards were first laid down in the 1980s i.e., 1st
Generation, there has
been continuous efforts to increase data rates. 1G, 2G, 3G and 4G basically refer to these
standards that were successively laid and met by the telecommunication sector. Fifth
generation, 5G is the latest iteration of cellular technology with the promise of speed
improvements up to 10-fold over existing 4G technologies. This has eventually created series
of opportunities for telecom equipment sector as industry began looking to data-optimized

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5th-generation technologies. Telecom equipment 5G promises to bring the trustworthiness,
scalability, security and universal mobility across the telecommunications industry.
1.2 Other Competitors
The ecosystem of telecom industry consists of operators, Original Equipment Manufacturers
(OEMs) and the engineering services providers.
As of today, there are major products such as smartphones, wireless infrastructure, computers,
radio, etc., through which people can conveniently share their messages. The industry's
customer base is highly diversified, including multi-national corporations, telephone
companies, governments, universities, institutions, commercial businesses and consumers.
Presently, Bharti Airtel and Vodafone-Idea, BSNL are competing to satisfy customers’
requirements.
Bharti Airtel
Bharti Airtel Limited, also known as Airtel, is an Indian global telecommunications services
company based in Delhi, India. It operates in 18 countries across South Asia and Africa, and
also in the Channel Islands. Airtel provides GSM, 3G, 4G LTE, 4G+ mobile services, fixed
line broadband and voice services depending upon the country of operation. Airtel had also
rolled out its VoLTE technology across all Indian telecom circles. It is the third largest mobile
network operator in India and the second largest mobile network operator in the world with
over 293.79 million subscribers.
Vodafone Idea
Vodafone Idea Limited is an Indian telecom operator with its headquarter based in Mumbai,
Maharashtra. Vodafone Idea is a Pan-India integrated GSM operator offering 2G, 3G and 4G
VoLTE mobile services under two brands named Vodafone and Idea. Vodafone Idea also
provides services including Mobile payments, IoT, enterprise offerings and entertainment,
accessible via both digital channels as well as on-ground touch points, centres across the
country.

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BSNL
Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (abbreviated BSNL) is an Indian state-
owned telecommunications company headquartered in New Delhi. It was incorporated on 15
September 2000 and assumed the business of providing telecom services and network
management from the erstwhile Central Government Departments of Telecom Services (DTS)
and Telecom Operations (DTO) as of 1 October 2000 on a going-concern basis. It is the largest
provider of fixed telephony with more than 49% market share, and is the fourth largest mobile
telephony provider in India.
1.3 Project Aim
 To study Reliance Jio 4G/LTE Technology working (infrastructure & architecture).
 Intend to build a career with leading Telecom industry of hi-tech environment with
dedicated personality to explore and realize my analytical, leadership and multitasking
skilled potential as a key player in challenging & creative environment.
 Monitoring and maintaining Accessibility, Retainability, Mobility & Integrity KPIs:
Session setup success rate, Handover success rate, VoLTE Drop rate, Muting rate etc.
 Analysis of drive test data to identify and troubleshoot missing neighbors, coverage
holes, PCI pollution areas, areas of no dominance, overshooting sites, parameter
inconsistency etc.
 RF Coverage optimization using antenna tilt and azimuth fine tuning for optimal
coverage overlap and reduction of PCI pollution by SINR and RSRP improvements.
 Planning of Capacity Augmentation & Coverage solution for Festive Seasons and for
High Profile Customer Events.

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Chapter:2

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Chapter 2: Company Profile
2.1 About Reliance Jio (Reliance Digital Platform & Project Service Ltd)
Key people
Chairman : Shri. Mukesh D. Ambani
Managing Director : Shri. Sanjay Mashruwala
The company was registered in Ambawadi, Ahmedabad (Gujarat) on 15 February 2007 as
Reliance Jio Infocomm Limited. In June 2010, Reliance Industries (RIL) bought a 95% stake
in Infotel Broadband Services Limited (IBSL). Although unlisted, IBSL was the only company
that won broadband spectrum in all 22 circles in India in the 4G auction that took place earlier
that year. Later continuing as RIL's telecom subsidiary, Infotel Broadband Services Limited
was renamed as Reliance Jio Infocomm Limited (RJIL) in January 2013.
In June 2015, Jio announced that it would start its operations throughout the country by the end
of 2015. However, four months later in October, the company postponed the launch to the first
quarter of the financial year 2016–2017.
The 4G services were launched internally on 27 December 2015. The company commercially
launched its 4G services on 5 September 2016.
Jio shares spectrum with Reliance Communications. The sharing deal is for 800 MHz band
across seven circles other than the 10 circles for which Jio already owns. In September 2016,
Jio signed a pact with BSNL for intra-circle roaming which would enable users of the operators
to use each other's 4G and 2G spectrum in national roaming mode. In February 2017, Jio
announced a partnership with Samsung to work on LTE - Advanced Pro and 5G.
Product & Services
 Mobile broadband
 JioFiber
 Devices: LYF smartphones, JioPhone, Jionet Wi-Fi

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Logo
2.2 Vision
Jio
Reliance Jio promises to shape the future of India by providing end-to-end digital solutions
for businesses, institutions and households and seamlessly bridging the rural-urban divide.
Home to the world’s second largest population of 1.2 billion, India is a young nation with
63% of its population under the age of 35 years. It has a fast growing digital audience with
800 million mobile connections and over 200 million internet users. Reliance thoroughly
believes in India’s potential to lead the world with its capabilities in innovation. Towards that
end, Reliance envisages creation of a digital revolution in India.
Reliance Jio aims to enable this transformation by creating not just a cutting-edge voice and
broadband network, but also a powerful ecosystem on which a range of rich digital services
will be enabled – a unique green-field opportunity.
The three-pronged focus on broadband networks, affordable smartphones and the availability
of rich content and applications has enabled Jio to create an integrated business strategy from
the very beginning, and today, Jio is capable of offering a unique combination of telecom,
high speed data, digital commerce, media and payment services.

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A Vision That Touches All
Reliance’s vision for India is that broadband and digital services will no longer be a luxury
item. Rather, Reliance envisions an India where these are basic necessities to be consumed in
abundance by consumers and small businesses alike, as much in far-flung villages as in our
largest cities. The initiatives are truly aligned with the Government of India's ‘Digital India’
vision for our nation.
Affordable Devices: Jio has worked with all the leading device manufacturers of the world
to ensure availability of 4G LTE smartphones across all price points – from ultra-premium
models on one hand, to entry level models on the other.
Digital Communication: The application Jio4GVoice brings the 4G communication suite to
all smartphones. With its RCS (Rich Communication Services) features like Enriched calling,
Chat, File share and Unified Messaging, it redefines the calling and messaging experience. It
also enables Jio’s cutting edge voice and video call service on non-VoLTE smartphones.
Digital Currency: Jio envisions a new India which will use digital currency instead of paper
money for a more secure and convenient way to transact. Jio Money, Jio’s digital currency
and digital payments business, will play a crucial role in this by offering a platform for
ubiquitous, affordable and secure digital payments.
Jio Drive: Micro and small businesses will soon have access to cutting-edge cloud storage
technologies which were once affordable to big companies only, giving them a new edge to
compete on a global landscape. Jio Drive is an application that brings powerful cloud
capabilities to every smartphone. Using Jio Drive, anyone can store, sync and share any
content between their own devices and also with their friends.
Digital Education: Teachers and students from far flung areas can connect with each other,
crowd-source knowledge and adapt new age learning techniques and thus lift the level of
education to a completely different plane.
Digital Healthcare: Expert medical advice would be available anytime, anywhere - with
medical practitioners able to grow their practice without constraint, and provide quality of life
to the crores that make up our country.

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Digital Entertainment and social connectivity: Jio Chat is a powerful communication
application that integrates chat, voice, video calling, conferencing, file sharing, photo sharing
and much more. Jio Play enables users to watch HD TV anytime, anywhere on any device,
from hundreds of channels, across categories and languages. Jio Beats is a premier digital
music streaming service that gives instant access to millions of songs and curated playlists.
Jio Mags and Jio News provide access to the most popular collection of magazines and news
from leading publishing houses across multiple languages.
Digital Entrepreneurship: Jio is building is a powerful platform on which a range of rich
digital products and services can be enabled - digital currency, digital commerce, digital
education, digital healthcare, e-governance, Smart Cities, M2M and the Internet of Things. It
does not matter whether these services are created by Jio itself, its ecosystem partners or
anyone globally. Reliance is committed to the principles of Net Neutrality.
2.3 Press releases:
Joins GSMA’s Connected Women Initiative to promote gender inclusivity in internet usage
Mumbai, 15 July 2019: Jio, the world’s largest mobile data network, has today announced
that it has partnered with GSMA’s Connected Women Initiative to bridge the gender gap in
digital adoption and digital literacy among women in India. Jio and GSMA will work towards
empowering more women with increased access to, and use of, life-enhancing digital
services.
MEDIA RELEASE LAUNCH OF THE ‘KUMBH JIOPHONE’ AS A TRIBUTE TO THE
WORLD’S LARGEST CONGREGATION OF PILGRIMS SAARA KUMBH AAPKE
SAATH, JAB JIOPHONE HO AAPKE HAATH Mumbai, 7th January 2019: JioPhone was
launched with the objective of empowering every Indian with the power of digital services,
especially those, who could not afford a smartphone. Standing true to its promise, JioPhone is
back with yet another revolutionary innovation, the Kumbh JioPhone that will provide value
that goes beyond the ordinary.

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2.4 SWOT Analysis
 Strengths in the SWOT analysis of Reliance Jio:
Strengths are defined as what each business does best in its gamut of operations which
can give it an upper hand over its competitors. The following are the strengths of
Reliance Jio:
Strongest Customer Acquisition strategy – Reliance Jio probably has the best
customer acquisition strategy till date. The brand offered their services for free for 3-6
months to all their users. This resulted in millions of users using Reliance Jio and
resulted in one of the best customer acquisition strategy in the history of telecom.
Strong customer base – Jio boasts of a whopping 100 million subscribers in the first
170 days of its launch a record which no other provider has been able to register. This
has also made Reliance Jio India’s largest Internet Service Provider.
Technology – Jio currently uses the latest 4 G LTE technology which is one of the
world’s best technologies for the future. This is supported by Voice over LTE which
makes it scalable and supportive of 5G and 6 G technologies which are expected to be
the future in wireless communication.
Strong backing of parent company Reliance Industries: Reliance Industries is a
credible brand which echoes with Indian sentiments and has high trust amongst
customers. The association of Jio with Reliance acts as a core strength.
Brand Management – The reason for the huge customer base of Reliance Jio is the
brand management strategies that it has adopted. The right promotion backed by
lucrative offers and credible brand ambassadors like ShahRukh Khan and Amitabh
Bachchan have helped in building connectivity with the customers.
Fast and wide network – Reliance Jio has a presence in all 22 telecom circles in
India and is known to be a robust and fast network with zero connectivity issues.
Multiple offerings under a single name – Reliance Jio offers a variety of services
like movies, games, shopping, chats, and messenger etc. giving the customer a lot of
options to choose from.

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 Weaknesses in the SWOT analysis of Reliance Jio:
Weaknesses are used to refer to areas where the business or the
brand needs improvement. Some of the key weaknesses of Reliance Jio are:
Late entry into the market: Reliance Jio has made a late foray into the market
which already had established players like Airtel and Vodafone who had occupied a
place in the minds of the customer.
Activation Issues – Reliance Jio faced numerous gestation issues owing to not being
able to contain the huge volumes of customers it had acquired. On such was delays in
SIM Card activation during the period that followed its launch.
Pricing Controversies – Reliance Jio was criticised for having lowered its prices
beyond what was ethical to penetrate into the market and this stirred allegations like
corruption and money laundering against them.
Too many freebies – Reliance Jio currently offers many services for free and this was
one reason for share increase in sales. However, the company may not be able to
afford all of them in the long run which may affect the business negatively.
Data connection poor – The data connection is many times poor from Reliance Jio
and the range is less causing slower loading speeds in selected regions.
 Opportunities for the SWOT analysis of Reliance Jio:
Opportunities refer to those avenues in the environment that surrounds the business on
which it can capitalize to increase its returns. Some of the opportunities include:
Future driven technology – Reliance Jio uses VoLTE 4G network which is scalable
to accommodate
5G and 6G technologies. This offers numerous avenues to Jio or future expansion of
bandwidth.
Apps – Reliance Jio has VoLTE which has a lot of scope in terms of bandwidth. Thus
they can offer apps to customers which are chargeable or even free initially and pay
per use later.

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Competitive Pricing Strategies – Reliance Jio prides itself on being a low-cost
Internet service provider and mobile operator. This can be used as
a positioning to target more markets and grow their market share since most of their
competitors’ cannot afford their prices.
Expansion to other countries – Currently Reliance Jio is operational only in India.
There is, however, a lot of scope for expansion to foreign countries at least in the
neighbouring regions.
 Threats in the SWOT analysis of Reliance Jio:
Threats are those factors in the environment which can be detrimental to the growth of
the business. Some of the threats include:
Risk of loss of customers – Customers prefer Jio primarily because of the low prices
that they offer. At a stage when the company increases its price there may be a loss of
customers.
Removal of free services – Jio currently is associated with a lot of freebies. Once
these are removed there may be a drop in sales for the company.
Criticism and negative image – Reliance Jio has been embroiled in a lot of
controversies from the time it was started. These have resulted in a negative brand
image for the company.
Poor Code of ethics – Many of the strategies adopted by Reliance Jio such as the low
pricing, free bandwidth and market penetration strategies have been showcased as
unethical and this may affect the goodwill of the business in the long run.

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Chapter:3

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Chapter 3: LTE Architecture & Optimization
LTE Network Architecture
3.1 Architecture
The high-level network architecture of LTE is comprised of following three main components:
 The User Equipment (UE).
 The Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN).
 The Evolved Packet Core (EPC).
The User Equipment (UE)
The internal architecture of the user equipment for LTE is identical to the one used by UMTS
and GSM which is actually a Mobile Equipment (ME).

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The E-UTRAN (The access network)
The architecture of evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) has been
illustrated below.
The E-UTRAN handles the radio communications between the mobile and the evolved
packet core and just has one component, the evolved base stations, called eNodeB or eNB.
Each eNB is a base station that controls the mobiles in one or more cells. The base station
that is communicating with a mobile is known as its serving eNB.
The Evolved Packet Core (EPC) (The core network)
Below is a brief description of each of the components shown in the above architecture:
 The Home Subscriber Server (HSS) component has been carried forward from UMTS
and GSM and is a central database that contains information about all the network
operator's subscribers.
 The Packet Data Network (PDN) Gateway (P-GW) communicates with the outside
world ie. packet data networks PDN, using SGi interface. Each packet data network is
identified by an access point name (APN). The PDN gateway has the same role as the
GPRS support node (GGSN) and the serving GPRS support node (SGSN) with UMTS
and GSM.
 The serving gateway (S-GW) acts as a router, and forwards data between the base
station and the PDN gateway.
 The mobility management entity (MME) controls the high-level operation of the
mobile by means of signalling messages and Home Subscriber Server (HSS).
 The Policy Control and Charging Rules Function (PCRF) is a component responsible
for policy control decision-making, as well as for controlling the flow-based charging
functionalities in the Policy Control Enforcement Function (PCEF), which resides in
the P-GW.

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LTE Optimization Procedure
3.2 RF Drive Testing
Drive testing is a method of measuring and assessing the coverage, capacity and
Quality of Service (QoS) of a mobile radio network.
The technique consists of using a motor vehicle containing mobile radio network air
interface measurement equipment that can detect and record a wide variety of the physical
and virtual parameters of mobile cellular service in a given geographical area.
By measuring what a wireless network subscriber would experience in any specific area,
wireless carriers can make directed changes to their networks that provide better coverage
and service to their customers.
Drive testing requires a mobile vehicle outfitted with drive testing measurement equipment.
The equipment is usually highly specialized electronic devices that interface to OEM mobile
handsets. This ensures measurements are realistic and comparable to actual user experiences.
 Data collected during drive testing
Drive test equipment typically collects data relating to the network itself, services
running on the network such as voice or data services, radio frequency scanner
information and GPS information to provide location logging.
The data set collected during drive testing field measurements can include
information such as:
 Signal intensity
 Signal quality
 Interference
 Dropped calls
 Blocked calls
 Anomalous events
 Call statistics
 Service level statistics
 Quality of Service information

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 Handover information
 Neighboring cell information
 GPS location co-ordinates
Types of drive testing
Drive testing can broadly be categorized into three distinct topics:
 Network benchmarking.
 Optimization and troubleshooting
 Service quality monitoring.
The result produced by drive testing for each of these purposes is different.
 Network benchmarking
For benchmarking, Xcal tools used in Jio.
Results from benchmarking activities, such a comparative coverage analysis or
comparative data network speed analysis, are frequently used in marketing
campaigns. Drive testing to gather network bench-marking data is the only way
mobile network operators can collect accurate competitive data on the true level of
their own and their competitor’s technical performance and quality levels.
 Optimization and troubleshooting
Optimization and troubleshooting information is more typically used to aid in finding
specific problems during the rollout phases of new networks or to observe specific
problems reported by consumers during the operational phase of the network
lifecycle. In this mode drive testing data is used to diagnose the root cause of specific,
typically localized, network issues such as dropped calls or missing neighbour cell
assignments.
 Service quality monitoring
Service quality monitoring typically involves making test calls across the network to a
fixed test unit to assess the relative quality of various services using Mean opinion

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score (MOS). Quality monitoring focuses on the end user experience of the service,
and allows mobile network operators to react to what effectively subjective quality
degradations by investigating the technical cause of the problem in time-correlated
data collected during the drive test.
Drive testing can be conducted at any time on a live network and very rarely will
there be any network intrusion.
3.3 KPI Optimization.
Key Performance Indicators (KPI) are a measure of successful network performance and its quality.
With growing customer base and continuous addition of capacity and coverage sites, operators need to
continuously monitor the KPIs of their network to assess service quality.
4G/LTE Primary KPIs
The purpose is to check the performance of Network. We have categories of KPI and
numbers of KPI of each category. In the Optimization process we have to check the KPI
value to monitor and optimize the radio network performance in order to provide better
subscriber quality or to achieve better use of installed network resources.

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Typically, KPI can be categorized into following subcategories:
Accessibility KPI
Are used to measure properly of whether services requested by users can be accessed in given
condition, also refers to the quality of being available when users needed. eg. user request to
access the network, access the voice call, data call, ......
 RRC setup success rate (%)
 ERAB setup success rate (%)
 Call Setup Success Rate (%)
 Paging Success Rate (%)
Retainability KPI
Are used to measure how the network keep user's possession or able to hold and provide the
services for the users. The intent of the retainability metric is to track the number of abnormal
E-RAB releases.
 Call drop rate (%)
Mobility KPI
Are used to measure the performance of network which can handle the movement of users and
still retain the service for the user, such as handover.
 LTE Handover Success Rate (%)
Integrity KPI
Are used to measure the character or honesty of network to its user, such as what is the
throughput, latency which users were served.
 E-UTRAN IP Throughput
 IP Throughput in DL
 E-UTRAN IP Latency

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Availability KPI
Are used to measure the availability of network, suitable or ready for users to use services.
 E-UTRAN Cell Availability
 Partial cell availability (node restarts excluded)
Utilization KPI
Are used to measure the utilization of network, whether the network capacity is reached its
resource.
 Mean Active Dedicated EPS Bearer Utilization
RF Optimization is one of the key challenges in any Cellular Network.
Optimization is a continuous process and helps in understanding the shortcomings in the
Network. These shortcomings in terms of coverage, QoS can be set right with appropriate
measures.
Optimization helps in spectral efficiency. It is a continuous and iterative process of improving
overall network quality.
Area of interest is divided into smaller areas called clusters to make optimization and follow
up processes easier to handle.
RF Optimization includes:
Defining missing neighbour relations
Proposing new sites or sector additions with Before & After coverage plots
Proposing antenna azimuth changes
Proposing antenna tilt changes
Proposing antenna type changes
BTS Equipment/Filter change
Re–tuning of interfered frequencies

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3.4 Tools Used (in JIO Network) for KPI Optimization
Using different tools to generating various reports to analysis, troubleshooting and
optimization the network accordingly.
 Net Velocity: In-house Application for Speed Test
Is the speed test app for Android that comes with some good features for testing the
upload and download speeds, the latency, and also the speeds for access to YouTube
and Facebook apps.
NET VELOCITY APPLICATION FOR ANDROID USER
 XCAL: Drive Test Tool
XCAL series of drive test tools are designed to troubleshoot, monitor, maintain and
optimize wireless voice and data network performance – all in real-time.
Perform drive tests for service verification and gauge ‘success’ of network upgrades,
Benchmark network performance, carry out QoS, QoE measurements, carry out end-
to-end application testing (MMS, SMS, video etc), Conduct indoor and outdoor
network performance analysis.

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Features
Collecting Layer 1,2,3 Message, TCP/IP packet information by interworking with
device and scanner
L1: PDCCH/PCFICH/PDSCH, etc.
L2: MAC/RLC/PDCP, etc.
L3: RRC/NAS, etc.
XCAL Pic:
 XCAP: Analysis & Reporting Tool
XCAP is a powerful and highly configurable analysis platform that allows you to
mine, analyze and report data gathered in XCAL.
Quick troubleshooting and conduct root-cause analysis of wireless networks including
massive volumes of drive test data, Provide detailed reports on service-specific and
overall network performance.

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Benchmark radio and application level metric, Build and present KPI reports across
the enterprise.
Figure shows XCAP-Vuze interface:
Drive plots support to understand the Signal strength, quality and action to be plan to
resolve the issue or to optimize the clutter.
XCAP Drive Plot Pic:

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 JCP Tool: Jio Coverage Platform
Reliance Jio has integrated the Jio Coverage Platform (JCP), an innovative solution
developed in‐house by Reliance Jio. JCP is a real‐time big data analytics platform,
which Reliance uses for predictive network operations across its nationwide LTE
network of more than 100,000 base stations.
On a daily basis, the highly scalable JCP system ingests more than 100 terabytes of
performance management, alarm, and configuration management data from RAN,
core and IP network elements, as well as data from network probes and customer
devices.
The JCP system performs automatic correlation and data analytics with machine
learning algorithms to provide real‐time insights about network coverage, capacity
and quality to help deliver a superb customer experience.
Figure shows JCP interface:

25
 MYCOM OSI: Provides LTE Performance Management
Leading independent provider of carrier-grade Service and Network Performance
solutions, announced that its NIMS-PR Optima™ performance management solution
is being used in the expansion of the LTE network.
Figure shows the Mycom interface:
Can generate the reports as required to analysis the performance of the network.
Based on performance reports optimization activity or action to be evaluated. Mycom
fetch the real-time (max delay 15 min) data from LSMR and JCP to generate the
Reports.

26
 LSMR: Provides Live Performance of the Network
Tools which basically updates cell site configuration & supports for LIVE updates,
ENB alarms, Performance, call summary Logs, Event History.
Figure shows the LSMR interface
This Long Term Evolution (LTE) evolved UTRAN NodeB (eNB) Element
Management System (EMS) describes the information necessary for using the LTE eNB
EMS (hereinafter referred to as LTE System Manager LSM) for example, how to
register and manage users, menu usage and so on.
The LSM menu consists of seven management groups. The menu frame displays
the entire management groups, and allows the execution of various commands for
each management group.

27
 LSMR Menu Frame
 The Main Organization of LSMR

28
Chapter:4

29
Chapter 4: Summary of Project/work handled.
Myself Amit Devlekar, currently working as a Sr RF Optimization Engineer (LTE -Deputy
Manager) managing North West area (Andheri to Borivali.), handling 500 ENB sites / 200
ISC sites / 110 ODSC sites.
Job Responsibilities:
 Lead and supervise a team of Engineers & Technicians to carry out LTE(TDD/FDD)
Radio network planning, deployment and operation and RF coverage related activities
within the geography of the Centre
 Monitoring and maintaining Accessibility, Retainability, Mobility & Integrity KPIs.
 Daily performance monitoring, worst cells analysis and providing recommendations
for physical optimization and parameter tuning to meet the KPI requirement for
customer acceptance
In Worst cell we address Zero Traffic cells, Poor accessibility cells, alarms that
affecting daily KPIs and user perception. Below are some examples for same.
KPI's
04-May
05-May
06-May
07-May
08-May
09-May
10-May
May2019
KPI's
ThresholdKPI's
Session Setup Success rate(%) 99.18 99.69 99.55 99.38 99.56 99.59 99.61 99.51 >=99%
VolteDrop Rate(%) 0.1 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.08 <1%
MuteCall Rate(%) 1.29 1.39 1.57 1.5 1.58 1.54 1.28 1.45 <2%
IP Throughput(Mbps) 1.77 1.61 1.59 1.63 1.65 1.69 1.8 1.68 >2 Mbps
Handover Success Rate(%) 99.8 99.76 99.71 99.79 99.65 99.67 99.7 99.73 >=99%
Cell QualityIndex (%) 9.11 9.76 9.8 9.82 9.81 9.83 9.58 9.67 >=9

30
 Zero Traffic:
Traffic drop down to zero which may lead to congestion in network, revenue loss.
 Accessibility Degradation:
User unable to access the network which leads to poor accessibility.

31
 Mobility (HOSR) Degradation:
Sometimes KPIs get degraded due to RF parameters changes by the RF/NOC team,
which we have to monitor and have to escalate to higher management for review
again.
 Analyses customer complains & take necessary actions to resolve it by optimization
which include physical as well as parametric, coverage and capacity solution like
Outdoor Small cell device, T boom, IBS, 4th
sector addition. T-Boom solution
successfully implemented in High rise residential, commercial buildings & Dense slum
to improve customer experience. Below are the guidelines for T boom.

32
Figure shows the T boom view:
 Providing coverage from the Outside: Macro sites – Interim Solution
– Solution in the absence of Indoor Solutions
– Introduces additional RF challenges in both design and optimization
– May impact Macro site performance (coverage, quality and/or capacity)
Below is the Actual pic of T boom deployment for high rise clutter.

33
 Conducting Cluster & Benchmarking Drive Test on a periodic basis. Analysing logs
& providing recommendation to optimize the same.
Below Figure shows the Golden (VIP) route optimization and improvement in post
drive.
Physical Optimization (E Tilt Change done) action take to improve the patch.
(Electrical Tilt and Azimuth change done on serving and neighboring site)
Benchmarking drive conducted in comparison to other operator to improve the Jio
network further to enhance customer perception in terms of quality, coverage and
capacity.

34
 Analyses customer complains & take necessary actions to resolve it by optimization
which include physical as well as parametric, coverage and capacity solution like
Outdoor Small cell device, T boom, IBS, 4th
sector addition.
 Planning of Capacity Augmentation & Coverage solution for Festive Seasons and for
High Profile Customer Events.
Ganapati Festival Capacity Augmentation plan 2019
 Small Cell / ISC Solution:
Small Cells is One of the factor considered for Customer Complains & Capacity
Augmentation
A small cell is a radio access point with low radio frequency (RF) power output,
footprint and range. It is operator-controlled, and can be deployed indoors
or outdoors, and in licensed, shared or unlicensed spectrum. Micro cell products
integrate the Digital Unit (DU, or baseband unit) and Radio Unit (RU) into a single,
small form-factor casing in order to deliver efficient network capacity and
performance enhancement at an optimum cost of ownership.

35
They represent an ideal method to provide critical data offload over a compact
deployment footprint, and are equally suited to dense urban areas or to extend the
mobile network into suburban coverage "black spots".
Custom mounting options, including utility pole, lamp post, tower, roof or wall
mounts, also ensure that Outdoor Micro cells can be easily and rapidly deployed
wherever they're needed to maximize network performance and coverage. And a
"plug & play" design philosophy reduces the amount of time and effort required to
deploy new cells.
Small cells complement the macro network to improve coverage, add targeted
capacity, and support new services and user experiences. There are various types of
small cell, with varying range, power level and form factor, according to use case.
The smallest units are for indoor residential use; the largest are urban or rural outdoor
Pico cells.
 Types of Small Cell
 ODSC: - Outdoor Small Cell
 ISC: - Indoor Small Cell
 OUTDOOR SMALL CELL

36
 INDOOR SMALL CELL
Why Small Cells
Small cells provide a cost-effective way to increase coverage and capacity as well as
facilitate the introduction of new services to the network. Some of the reasons why Small
cells would be deployed instead of a regular macro site are cited below:
• Inadequate Coverage from Macro: Despite best effort, existing macro solution does
not provide reliable coverage within 100% of the venue area. This is expected to be
especially true for the 2300MHz band.
• High Capacity Needs Within Venue: There could be a significant number of users
within the venue which cannot be supported by the surrounding macro network
• Flexibility for future capacity expansion: Small Cells provide a very scalable option
wherein additional capacity requirements can be easily catered to by deploying
additional Small Cells
• Site deployment challenges: There may exist certain areas where it may be difficult to
get permission possible to deploy outdoor Microcells. Replacement of the DTA
Microcells will fall in this category
• Deep Indoor Coverage: Difficult to cover deep indoors with outdoor macro antennas

37
Chapter:5

38
Chapter 5: Conclusion & Bibliography
5.1 Conclusion
Reliance JIO is enabling the telecom industry and other sectors to do better business,
increase efficiency, improve the user experience & capture new opportunities.
With Global mobile data traffic expected to grow almost eight times by the end of
2023, there is a need for more efficient technology, higher data rates & spectrum
utilization. New applications such as 4K / 8K video streaming, virtual & augmented
reality & emerging industrial use cases will also require higher bandwidth, greater
capacity, security & lower latency. Equipped with these capabilities, 4G will bring
new opportunities for people, society, businesses.
Jio is a young and dynamic organization with a mission to digitally transform India.
Jio believe in making dreams a reality by bringing out the creativity and innovation in
employees.
With mobile internet becoming ubiquitous in India, a closer look reveals who owns
many mobile “content pipes”.
Reliance Jio, of course. With Jio pushing data onto your mobile, it can also bundle
content through its “pipes.” The Jio service doesn’t only provide data, but could also
provide video, audio, and other content.
JIO is the biggest game-changer in India and is going to rule the Future of
Mobile network.

39
5.2 Bibliography
 News Paper:
Times of India
The Economics Times.
 Web:
www.google.com
https://www.jio.com
http://www.sharetechnote.com
http://accuver.com/acv_products/xcal/
https://www.mycom-osi.com/

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