inactivated polio vaccine

2. SPECIALTHANKSTO:-
 Dr. Bhagat Baghel
 Dr. K.Vishvanadhan
 Dr. Anurup Sahu
 Dr. D.R. Mandavi
 Dr. Maninder Singh
 Dr. Nandlaal Kanwar

3. INDEX
1.IPV
2.PNEUMOCOCCAL VACCINE
3.MENNINIGOCOCCAL VACCINE
4.VARICELLA VACCINE
5.HEPATITIS A VACCINE

4. Introductionof
Inactivated
Poliovirus
Vaccine

5. “SALK VACCINE”
INACTIVATEDPOLIOVACCINE

6.  IPV was developed by Dr. Jonas Salk in 1955
 It is injectable vaccine and is available only in
trivalent form
 It consists of inactivated (formalin killed) strains
of all three types of polioviruses(Type 1,2,3-
40D,8D,32D antigen unit).
 It provides excellent humoral immunity but no
mucosal intestinal immunity

7.  It is highly effective in preventing paralytic
disease
 In the event of infection, the antibodies
produced by IPV prevent the spread of virus to
CNS and protect against paralysis.
 Studies in India shows that IPV given to OPV
primed children boosts the mucosal intestinal
immunity.

8.  No risk of VAPP and VDPV
 IPV may contain formaldehyde, and traces of
streptomycin, neomycin or polymyxin B. Some
formulations of IPV may contain 2-
phenoxyethanol(0.5%)
 IPV is freeze and heat sensitive vaccine. Stored
at 2-8°C in the basket of ILR.

9.  Liquid vaccine, no reconstitution is required
 Dose 0.5ml
 It reduces quantity and duration of virus
shedding in stool samples, which may
contribute to a reduction in transmission
 IPV is one of the safest vaccine in use
 IPV is not recommended for routine use in
Polio-endemic countries or in developing
countries at risk of poliovirus importations.

10. Polio eradication & endgame
strategic Plan 2013-2018
The Plan differs from previous eradication
plans because it addresses paralytic cases
associated with both wild polioviruses and
vaccine-derived poliovirus/VAPP
Goal: complete the eradication &
containment of all wild, vaccine-related and
Sabin polioviruses.
refers to wild virus
Eradication Endgame
refers to management
of VDPVs andVAPP

11. The Plan has Four Objectives
• Detect and interrupt all poliovirus transmission.1
• Strengthen immunization systems, introduce
inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) and withdraw oral polio
vaccines (OPV).
2
• Contain poliovirus and certify interruption of
transmission.3
• To plan how to utilize the legacy of the fight
against polio.4

12. Threedistinctstepsofpolioendgamestrategy
Introduce
atleast one
dose of IPV
in RI
Switch tOPV
to bOPV
Withdraw
bOPV &
routine OPV
use
Before
end 2015
2016
2019-2020
On going strengthening of routine immunization

13. RationalForTheIntroductionOfIPV
 Primary purpose of introducing IPV into routine
immunization is to boost population immunity
against Type 2 poliovirus during & after the planned
global withdrawal of OPV2 and switch from tOPV to
bOPV
 It will also facilitate the interruption of transmission
with the use of monovalent OPV type2 in the case of
outbreaks
 To boost both humoral & mucosal immunity against
poliovirus Type 1&3, which will also hasten the
eradication of these WPVs
 Mitigate the risk of emergence & transmission of
cVDPV

14. IPV is not replacing OPV
It is a pre-requisite for tOPV to
bOPV switch

15. WhywithdrawOPVType2OR
WhyswitchfromtOPVtobOPV
 Thus, need to remove OPV2, but need to maintain
population immunity against type 2 with IPV prior to
OPV2 cessation
 Type 2 wild poliovirus apparently eradicated since
1999 (last case detected in Aligarh, India)
 New diagnostics and experience suggest that type 2
polio vaccine causes >95% of VDPVs
 Type 2 causes approximately 40% of VAPP today
 Type 2 component of OPV interferes with immune
response to types 1 and types 3
Risks of OPV2 far outweigh the
benefits

16. Thus, SAGE recommends a single dose of IPV at 14
weeks or first contact afterwards, or with
DTP3/OPV3/OPV4, in the EPI schedule
The immune response to one dose of IPV is
substantially higher against Type 2 poliovirus (63%)
when administered at 4 months of age compared to
6 weeks to 2 months of age (32%-39%).

17. RationalforintroducingsingledoseofIPVat14weeks
 The immune response to IPV varies based on the
number of doses (higher with more doses) and the
age at vaccination (higher with delayed
immunization).
 3 doses: ~100% against all 3 serotypes
 2 doses: ~90% against all 3 serotypes, when
given >8 weeks of age
 1 dose: ~19%-46% against Type 1, 32%-63%
against Type 2,
and 28%-54% against Type 3 poliovirus.

18. WhyIPVnotlaterthan14weeks
 The purpose of IPV is to give infants
protection against type 2 VDPVs after
tOPV-bOPV switch
 This IPV dose will be the only protection an
infant will receive against type 2 poliovirus
 So vaccinating after 14 weeks will leave
child unprotected for a longer period of
time

19. CONTRATINDICATIONS
 Documented or known allergy to
Streptomycin, Neomycin or Polymyxin B
 History of allergic reaction following a
previous injection of IPV

20. SiteForInjection
Right upper arm:-
Measles
Anterolateral aspect of
right mid thigh:- IPV
Left upper arm:-
BCG, JE
Anterolateral aspect of
left mid thigh:-
Pentavac or DPT, HepB

21. IPVKeyMessagesforCommunity
 Children are still at risk of polio till it is not
eradicated from the world
 Just one dose of IPV with the third dose of
OPV to your child in routine immunization
at 14 weeks of age gives additional
protection against polio
 IPV is available free of cost at RI session
site

22. THANKYOU!