2. INTRODUCTION
Trade unions are the major component of the modern
industrial relations system.
Its an org that employees can join in order to have their
interests & goals better represented.
According to Webbs, “A Trade Union is a continuous
association of wage earners for the purpose of
maintaining & improving the conditions of their working
lives”.

3. FEATURES
 It may be an association either of the employers or employees or of
the interdependent Workers.
 Permanent combinations of workers are not temporary or casual.
 An association of workers who are engaged in securing economic
benefits for their members.
 Constantly changing character.
 Origin & Growth of TU have been influenced by a number of
ideologies.

4. OBJECTIVES
 Providing Income security
 Maintaining Job Security
 Preserving Physical Security
 Providing Social Security
 Providing Emotional Security
 Procuring Political Prowess
 Fostering Industrial Democracy & Equity

5. FUNCTIONS
Functions relating to trade union members
Functions relating to Industrial Organizations
Functions relating to trade unions Org
Functions relating to Society

6. REASONS FOR EMPLOYEES TO
JOIN UNIONS
Greater Bargaining Power
Minimize discrimination
Sense of Security
Sense of participation
Sense of Belongingness
Platform for self Expression
Betterment of Relationship

7. ROLES OF TU IN GLOBALIZED
CONTEXT
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Develop Networks & Agendas
Ensure Social Entitlements
Address Issue of Governance & Accountability
Welcome Opportunities & Resist Risks
Convey Goodwill

8. STRUCTURE /TYPES OF TU’S
STRUCTURE /TYPES OF TU’S
Unions Classifieds on the
Basis of Membership
Union Classifieds
Structure
According to Purpose
Craft Unions
Reformist Unions
General Unions
Revolutionary Unions
Industrial Unions
Staff Unions

9. THEORIES OF TRADE UNIONS
Revolutionary Theory
Slitcher Theory
Non-Revolutionary Theory(Webb’s Theory)
Common’s Environment Theory
Cole's Theory of Union Control of Industry
Simon’s Theory of Monopolistic, Anti-Democratic Trade
Unionism

10. (Theories - Continue……)
• Hoxie’s Theory
• Tannenaum’s Theory of Man Versus Machines (1951)
• Mitchell’s Economic Protection Theory of Trade
Unionism
• Kerr,Dunlop,Harbison & Myers Theory
• Perlman’s Theory of the “scarcity Consciousness” of
Manual Workers
• Gandhi Theory ( Sarvodaya Theory)

11. PROBLEMSOF TU’S
• Outside Political Leadership
• Union Rivalry
• Poor Financial Position
• Victimization
• Multiple Unions
• Inactivate Functioning
• Small Size of Union Membership
• Other Problems

12. REMEDIES/MEASURE TO
STRENGTHEN TU’S
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Micro to Macro Focus
Grooming Trade Union Leadership
Developmental Role
Protective Regulation

13. THANK YOU