1. d[To'sf] d'vdf k'u]sL km'nfjtLsf] Hofg jrfpg l/kmn]S6 s]Gb| ;kmn
;'g;/L Og?jf # ls km'nfjtL ;bf ;'/lIft ;d'bfo kl/of]hgf cGtu{t ;Grfng x'g] lgoldt l/kmn]S6
;xefuL x'g . ldlt @)^^ ;fn sftL{s dlxgfdf kf7]3/sf] lj/fdLsf] sf/0f d[To'sf] d'vdf k'u]sL ;bfsf]
lhjg jrfpgsf] nflu ;d'bfodf ;GrfnLt l/km]S6 s]Gb| ;kmn jGof] . d[[To'sf] d'vdf k'u]sL ;bf xfn
;fdfGo lhjg hLpg ;kmn ePsL l5g . km'nfjtL ;bf h:t} ;d'bfodf cGo w]/} ljklQm ;fdgfsf]
sfddf l/kmn]S6 s]Gb| ;kmn jg]sf] 5 . l/kmn]S6df ;d'bfosf] k|fs[tLs k|sf]k dfq xf]Og dlxnfx?sf]
:jf:y ;d:of, lx+;f b'Ao{jxf/sf] ljifox?df ;fdgf s;/L ug]{ eGg] af/]df s]Gb|df 5nkmn x'g] ub{5 .
kf7]3/sf] ;d:ofsf] sf/0f @)^^ ;fn sftL{s dlxgfdf km'nfjtL ;bfsf] cj:yf gfh's ePsf] s'/f
l/kmn]S6df 5nkmndf cfof] . cfly{s sf/0f cfkmgf] pkrf/ ug{ g;Sg] cj:yfdf /x]sL km'nfjtL ;bfsf]
ljkQmLdf ;xof]uL jGg' k5{ eGg] lg0f{osf ;fy ;j} ;xeflux? j:tLdf rGbf ;xof]usf] nflu h'6] .
l/kmnS6 s]Gb|sf] dfBdaf6 g} v8f ePsf] ljkQL ;fdgfsf] nflu ;fd'bfoLs sf]ifaf6 ? !))) b]vfP/
]
;d'bfodf rGbf ;+sng, ;xof]uL lgsfox?af6 $))), tyf :yfgLo dlxnf jrtaf6 %))) lgz'Ns
;fk6L /sdaf6 ;bfsf] pkrf/ ;kmn ePsf] xf] .
x'g t o:tf] sfd l/kmnS6 grn]sf] cj:yfdf klg ufpF3/df ;Grfng x'g] u/]sf] 5 t/ l/kmn]S6sf] sf/0f
]
cem dhj't jg]sf] 5 . klxnf @, $ hgf ;xof]udf h'6by] AolQmut ?kdf t/ clxn] ;fd'lxs ?kdf /
;+:yfut ?kdf ;xof]udf h'6b5g . klxnf j:tLdf p7]sf] ;xof]udf dfq lge{/ x'g] u/]sf lyP eg] clxn]
j:tLdf p7]sf] /sd dfq xf]Og ;xof]uL lgsfox?sf] vf]hL ug]{ sfd klg ;+:yfut ?kdf ug]{ u/]sf 5g .
:jf:Yo lgsfodf s] s'g k|sf/sf] cf};lwx? lgz'Ns kfOG5, s:tf] ju{sf] ;d'bfosf] nflu ;/sf/L ;xof]u
s:tf] /x]sf] 5 eGg] af/]df ;r]t 5g dlxnfx? . To;}n] /sd h'6fpg] dfq xf]Og l;dfGts[t ;d'bfosf
lgz'Ns pkrf/ x'g' k5{ eGg] s'/fdf ;d]t jsfnt ub{5g . TotL dfq xf]Og cfkt ljkbdf ;xof]u
ug{s]f nflu ;d'bfodf ljklQm ;fdgfsf] nflu ;fd'bflos sf]if klg v8f ePsf] 5 . ;f] sf]ifaf6 ;xof]u
k'¥ofpg yfn]sf 5g .
æPs dlxnfsf] lk8f ;a} dlxnfn] dxz'z ug'{k5{Æ eGg] egfO{ ;a} ufpFn] dlxnfx?sf] /x]sf] 5 .
kf7]3/sf] ;d:of km'nfjtL ;bfsf] dfq xf]Og ufpdf o:tf ;d:of ePsf dlxnfx? w]/} 5g . of] :jf:Yo
;d:ofn] s'g} lbg k|sf]ksf] ?k lnb}g eGg ;lsb}g . To;}n] o;sf] l;sf] ub}{ gof gof 9+uaf6,
ufpFufpFaf6 j:tL j:tLaf6 o:tf ljklQ ;fdgfsf] nflu h'6g' cfjZos 5 .
/Ltf rf}w/L
l/kmn]S6 ;xof]uL sfo{stf, pKsf g]kfn

2. d'l;at ax; s]Gb|sf] kxndf df6f] s6fg /f]lsof]
jljof * s]f jx/bf/ 6f]n ;'g;/L vf]nfsf] lsgf/df /x]sf] 5 . sdhf]8 df6f]sf] ;+/rgfsf] sf/0f ;'g;/L vf]nf
jif]{gL bfofafof ;g]{ ub{5 / j:tL 9'jfg x'g] / lj:yfkLt u/fpg] sfd u/]sf] 5 . xfn j:tLdf ;'/lIft ;d'bfo
kl/of]hgf bf]>f]af6 d'l;jt jx; s]Gb| ;Grfng ePsf] 5 . jx;
s]Gb|sf] 5nkmnn] vf]nfdf jif]{gL s6fg x'gsf] d'n sf/0f vf]nfsf]
lsgf/df kx'Frjfnfn] df6f] sf6]/ j]Rg' xf] eGg] 7x/ u¥of] . k6s
k6ssf] ;fd'lx k|of;af6 vf]nfsf] lsgf/df df6f] sf6g] k|s[of xfn
/f]lsPsf] 5 .
j:tL vf]nfsf] lsgf/df j;]sf] 5 . vf]nfsf] af9Laf6 hf]lvddf @)
3/ /x]sf] 5 . ;j} l;dfGts[t hghftLx? x'g . t/ vf]nfsf] lsgf/df
df6f] sf6]/ j]Rg] j:tL aflx/af6 cfpF5g / df6f] ufl8df xfn]/ nlu
j]Rg] rng 5 . ufpsf] dfgL;x? tdf;] eP/ x]g]{ sfd dfq cfh ;Dd
ePsf] lyof] . t/ ;d'bfodf ;+sled'vtfsf] ljZn]if0f ug]{ qmddf vf]nf
s6fg / 8'jfgsf] sf/0f vf]nfsf] lsgf/df df6f] sf6L ljlqm ug'{ eGg]
;jfn cfP kl5 ;d'bfodf ;GrfnLt d'l;jt jx; s]Gb|df vf]nfdf
df6f] s6L j]Rg] k|sofnfO{ /f]Sg] eGg] lg0f{o eof] .
d'l;jt jx; s]Gb|sf] lg0f{onfO{ d'l;jt Aoj:yfkg ;ldltdf k'g M 5nkmn u/fO{ d'l;jt Aoj:yfkg ;ldltn]
klg o; sfdnfO{ tTsfn /f]Sg] ldlt @))( cS6f]j % df lg0f{o u¥of] . lg0f{o kl5 lgoldt ?kdf ufl8 lnP/
df6f] sf6g cfpg]x?nfO{ /f]Sg] sfd ;'? eof] . ufl8 lnP/
cfpg]x?nfO{ ;fd'lxs ?kdf ;DemfpFb} kmsf{pg] sfd ug{ yfn]
kl5 xfn df6f] sf6g] sfd jGb ePsf] 5 .
j:tLsf] jLrdf vfnL hldgx? 5g . ;f] hldgdf cltqmd0f
ug{sf] nflu vf; u/L g/l;+x uflj;sf] dfgL;x? cfP/ ug{
yfn] kl5 ;f] cltqmd0fnfO{ /f]Sg' kb{5 eg]// d'l;jt jx;
s]Gb|df ldlt @)^^ d+l;/ ! ut] lg0f{o eof] . vfnL hldg
cltqmd0f ug{ dfgL;x?nfO{ klg /f]Sg] sfd ;fd'lxs ?kdf
u/] kl5 hf]t]sf] hldg klg xfn d'l;jt jx; s]Gb|n] ;+/If0f
u/]sf] 5 . hxfF j:tLdf af9Lsf] k|sf]k Go'lgs/0fsf] nflu
h}ljs t6jGwgsf] tof/L ePsf] 5 . j:tL leqsf] hUufnfO{ cltqmd0f ul/ 6]«S6/ nufP/ hf]Tg yfn] kl5 tTsfn
d'l;jt jx; s]Gb|sf] kxndf @ j6f ;xdltsf ;fy lg0f{o ePsf] lyof] .
!= of] hldg cltqmd0f ul/ h:fn] hf]Tb}5 o;nfO{ 6f]nsf] ;j}n] ;fd'lxs ?kdf jf]nfP/ ;Demfpg] . hldg
cltqmd0f gug{ eg]/ ;Demfpg] .
@= olb gdfg]sf] v08df k|x/Ldf ph'/L lbg] / of] cltqmd0f /f]Sg kxn ug]{ .
t/ klxnf] kxndf g} cltqmd0f /f]Sg ;kmn eof] . clxn] df6f] sf6g] / hldg cltqmd0f ug]{ sfd /f]lsPsf] 5 .
d'l;jt jx; s]Gb|n] ;d'bfonfO{ ;+ul7t ug]{ sfd u/]sf] 5 . {
ljBfgGb d]xtf
l/kmn]S6 ;xhstf{, pKsf g]kfn

3. klxnf ;d'bfosf dfG5]x?
æpKsf g]kfnn] k|To]s 3/nfO{ %) xhf/ k};f / rfdn afF95 . Æ
eGy], clxn] eGb}gg .
;'g;/Ldf ;+rflnt ;'/lIft ;d'bfo bf]>f] kl/of]hgf If]qdB] jljof uflj;sf] j8f g+ ^ klg Ps xf] .
sfo{qmdsf] ;'?jft cyf{t h'nfO{ @))( df pKsf g]kfnn] sfo{qmd ;Grfngsf] nflu uflj;sf]
dfBdaf6 6f]ne]nfx? ;'?jft u¥of] . aif{} lrR5] ;'g;/L vf]nfaf6 x'g] 8'jfg / @ aif{ cufl8 dfq
sf]zLdf afF9L uPsf] cg'ej ;d'bfon] /fd|f] ;+u cg'ej ;d]6]sf lyP . To;}n] xf]nf k|sf]kdf sfd ug]{
ljlQms} /fxt ljt/0f ljt/0f x'G5 eGg] dfgl;stf
ufpdf ;g;gL km}lnof] . x/]ssf] d'vaf6 pKsf
g]kfnn] %) xhf/ k};f / ! jf]/f rfdn afF9g
cfpFb}5 eg]/ slxn] jhf/df hDdf x'g] t slxn]
ufpdf e]nf x'g] h:tf ultlalwx? eO/xGy] .
;d'bfonfO{ sfo{stff{x? hjfkm lbbf lbbf x}/fg x'g]
u/]sf lyP . t/ clxn] pKsf g]kfn k};f afF9g
cfPsf] x}g 1fg afF9g cfPsf] xf] o;n] k};f lbg]
sfd ub}{g eg]/ cfkm} eG5g .
slxn] / sxfF /fxt afF9g] sfd x'b}5 < eg]/
sfo{stf{x?nfO{ kmf]g cfpg yfn] kl5 ;+:yfs} tkm{af6 uflj;sf] pkl:yltdf 6f]ne]nfx? ul/of] .
pKsf g]kfnsf] lrgf/L, kl/of]hgfsf] af/]df hfgsf/L u/fpb} s] u5{ s] ub}{g eGg] laifodf ;j} s'/fx?
6f]ndf k6sk6s ul/of] . kl5 PS;g P8 / pKsf g]kfn jLr kl/of]hgf ;Demf}tf e};s] kl5
sfo{stf{x? 5gf}6 ul/of] 6f]ndf cflwsf/Ls jh]6 s[ofsnfkx?sf] af/]df 5nkmn ul/of] . ;d'bfodf
l/kmn]S6 ;'?jft eO;s] l/kmn]S6 dfkm{t ;d'bfodf k/fdif{ nluof] . cGtt M sfo{qmd ;Grfngdf
cfPsf] xNn}xNnfsf] r'gf}tL ;dfKt eof] . clxn] o; lsl;dsf] r'gf}tLx? z'qmxf6 k|sf]k Aoj:yfkg
;ldlt cfkm}n] k/fdif{ ub{5 .
r'gf}tLnfO{ cjz/df jbNg' kb{5 cyf{t Tof] xNn}xNnfsf] r'gf}tLdf cftLPsf] eP / c?sf] ;xf/f vf]Hg
yfn]sf] eP ;d:of ;dfwfg xf]Og km}lnP/ hfg] lyof] . xNn}xNnf jLrdf cfkmgf] s'/f cfkm} gnu]/
;xlhs/0fsf] dfBd vf]Hg yfn]sf] eP cfkmgf] :ki6 s'/f hfb}g lyof] . xNnf ePsf] j]nfdf lhNnf
:tl/o kl/of]hgfsf] kl/rofTds sfo{qmd g/fv]sf] eP lhNnf :tl/o lgsfo, /fhg}lts bn cGo
;+:yfxdf klg cgfjZos e|d hfg]lyof] . xNnfnfO kl/ofhgfsf] kl/rofTds cleofgsf] cjz/sf]
?kdf pkof]u u/]/ k"j{tof/L / k|sf]k lj?4sf] ;+u7fgLs cleofgsf] ;'qkft ug{ ;kmn ePsf]] 5 .
b]j gf/fo0f ;df{
;d'bfo kl/rfns, pKsf g]kfn

4. ljkb ;fdfgfsf nflu ;fd'bflos kxn
x/]s jif{ af9L, xfjfx'/L , lztnx/ , cfunfuL h:tf k|sf]ksf] lk8f ;xb} cfPsf] Og?jf j8f+= % d';x/ j:tL /
Og?jf ^ lvlqmkl§sf afl;Gbf x'g .^& 3/kl/jf/ /x]sf] d';x/L eg]/ lrlgg] o; a:tLdf blntx?sf] dfq a;f]af;
/x]sf] 5 .t/ lvlqmkl§df eg] p/fjF,d';ndfg,d08nx?sf] ldl>t a;f]af; /x]sf] kfOG5 .o; a:tLdf eg] lvlqmkl§
,O:nfdk'/ / av]{8f8fF u/L $% 3/kl/jf/sf] a;f]af; /x]sf] 5 .oL a:tLx?df cfly{s ,/fhg}lts tyf >f]tdf sd
dfqfdf kx'rF /x]sf] 5 .ljz]if % jif{ d'lgsf afnaflnsf ,dlxnf ,ckfËtf ePsfx? a9L k|efljt ePsf 5g .
;d'bfodf x'g] u/]sf k|sf]k ;fdgfsf] klxnf] r/0fsf] Ifdtf
lasf;sf nfuL oL b'O{ a:tLdf b}lgs ! d'¶L rfdn jrt
/ ;fd'lxs ?kdf / cGo a:tLx?df rfdn ,k};f ;+sng
ug{ z'?jft u/]sf 5g .Og?jf % d'l;at ax; s]Gb|sL
cWoIf af}lsof ;bfsf cg';f/ ax; s]Gb|df $,% k6s
5nkmn ul/of] ,ax; eof] ,lg0f{o ul/of] / xfdL ;a}n]
dxz'z u/L sf]if :yfkgf ug{ yfn]sf xf} elG5g .pgL
cuf8L ylK5g Knfli6ssf] emf]nfdf b}lgs Ps d'¶L hDdf
u/L x/]s dlxgfsf] #) ut] Ps 7fpFdf hDdf ug]{ / rfdn
a]r]sf] k};f a}sFdf hDdf u5f}F .clxn] ;fd'lxs / !
dlxgfsf] d'¶L jrtaf6 ;s+lnt rfdn %! s]=hL / /sd
? &)) u/L ,rfdn a]rL ? @#)) hDdf u/]sf 5f} .@)^$ ;fndf cfPsf] af9Lsf sf/0f a:tL 8'afgdf k/L
;/sf/L sfo{nodf /fxt dfUg hfbf o;} a:tLsf] s':dL b]jL ;bfn] Hofg u'dfpg' k/]sf] 36gfn] cfh klg 8/
nfU5 . g /fxt eg] hlt kfOof] g ;fy g} To;}n] xfdLn] sf]if k"j{tof/Ldf nfu]sf 5f} To; a:tLsf dflg;x?sf]
egfO 5 .
To;} u/L lvlqmkl§df klg b}lgs Ps d'¶L rfdn jrt cleofg / kmofS6«Lx?df ;xof]usf nfuL kxn e}/x]sf] 5
eg] cflxn] ;Dd ;+slnt sf]ifdf !^ s]=hL rfdn / ? &)) /sd hDdf u/]sf] 5g . d'l;at Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf]
gfddf /fli6«o jfl0fHo a}+sdf vftf vf]n]sf 5g .;'g;/L vf]nfsf] 5]pdf /x]sf] a:tL x/]s jif{ af9Lsf sf/0f $,%
lbg 3/ 5f]8L ljwfnodf a:g] u/]sf 5f} .;/sf/L /fxtaf6 kfpgaf6 jlGrt x'b} cfPsf 5f} a? s+zd8fg k|sf]k
Joj:yfkg ;ldltn] @)^% ;fnsf] af9Ldf lrp/f ,e'hf /fxt lbPsf] lyof] eG5g vlnn dG;'/L .pgL cuf8L
yK5g ;/sf/L /fxt kfP klg eg] hlt kfOb}g .af9L ;'sL;S5 ef]s} a:bf gkfP kl5 t xfdL cfkm}n] sdfP/
vfOxfN5f} lg t/ cfktdf kfpg' kf] /fxt xf] .To;}n] ;/sf/ cfpg' eGbf klxn] ;d:of ;dfwfg ;d'bfodf ug{
;Sg] x'gnfO{ a}7s 5nkmn klg sf]ifdf Ps d'¶L rfdn jrt ug]{ yfn]sf 5f} .
oL b'j} a:tLdf x'g] jrt pgLx?sf] p2]Zo Pp6} /x]sf] 5 .a:tLdf ljkb kbf{ tTsflng /fxt afnaflnsf ,ue{jtL
,;'Ts]/L ,ckfËtfx?nfO{ ljz]if k|bfg lbP/ ;xof]u k'/ofpg' xf] .;/sf/L lglt g} /fxtd'vL ePsf]n] k"j{tof/Lsf
sfdnfO{ cuf8L ga9fPsf] kfOG5 .;d'bfo:t/df klg r]tgf:t/ w]/}{ sd /x]sf] kfOG5 .;/sf/L lglt kl/jt{g u/L
;d'bfosf] ;xefuLtfdf ;r]tgfsf] lqmofsnfkaf6 lasf;sf nufgL ug{ ;s] k|sf]k hf]lvd Go"lgs/0f ug{ ;lsG5
t/ hgtfsf] cfvfFdf 5f/f] xfNg] sfdaf6 cem ljgfz lgDtfp5 xf]Og / <x/]s s'gf sGb/fdf a;]sf ;d'bfosf
r]tgfsf lju'n km'Sg] / Ifdtf lasf; u/fpg] ;/sf/sf] bfloTj xf]Og / <;fgf ;fgf ufpF j:tLdf ljkb ;fdgf
ug{ ;s] Ifdtf lasf; ug{ ;s] cfhsf] h:tf] ljkbaf6 lj:yflkt x'g'kb}{g lyof] .lgdf{0f ePsf 7fpFdf /]vb]v
d'NofËg,dd{t ug{ hgtfsf] dxz'zLs/0f u/fpb} cfkm} ;+j]bgzLn x'g ;s] cfhsf] h:tf] lk8f ef]lnsf lbgdf
ef]Ug' gknf{ / <
dgdfof lg/f}nf
;d'bfo kl/rfns, pKsf g]kfn

5. df6f] s6fg /f]lsof]
Og?jf j8f g+ ^ lvlqmkl§sf] gfdn] kl/lrt o; a:tL ;'g;/L vf]nfsf] 5]pdf /x]sf] 5 . k|To]s jif{
;'g;/L vf]nfdf cfpg] af9Ln] !$ ,!% 3/ lj:yflkt eO{ $,% lbg ljwfnodf z/0f lng k'Ug] cj:yf
lyof] .;u7g gx'bfF h;nfO{ h] dg nfUof] To;n] To;} u/L df6f] sf6g] / a]Rg] ug]{ uy]{.h;sf] zlQm
p;}sf] elQm rNg] u/]sf] lyof] .ufpFdf cu'jfsf] ?kdf lrlgg] vlnn dG;'/L cfkm}n] 6ofS6/ jfnfnfO{
k6s k6s df6f] sf6g lbPsf] s'/f d'l;at ax; s]Gb|df v'nf;f ePsf] lyof] .;fd'bflos ejgsf] k5f8L
;'g;/L vf]nfsf] l8nsf] df6f] sf6bf a:tLdf af9L k:g] af6f] agfP h:tf] ePsf] lyof] .df6f] sf6]sf]
7fpFaf6 af9L l;w} a:tLdf k:g] u/]sf] lyof] eGg] km'Nsf] p/fjFsf] egfO{ 5 .
lvs|Lkl§, av]{8fF8f, O{:nfdk'/ gfds ;fgf ;fgf 6f]n ul/ $% 3/ kl/jf/sf] a;f]af; /x]sf] 5 .
;fd'bfoLs ejgdf x/]s xKtfsf] tLg lbg d';Ljt ax; s]Gb|df p7]sf ;jfnx?nfO{ cu'jfO{ ug{ d';Ljt
Joa:yfkg ;ldlt :yfkgf ePsf] 5 . df6f]sf] ;jfndf jx; s]Gb|df k6s k6s 5nkmn eof] . To;
s]Gb|df al9 dlxnfx? dfq cfpg] ePsf] sf/0f o; ;jfndf jx; s]Gb| / ;ldltsf] ;fd'lxs a}7s a:of] .
;ldltsf cWoIf vgLn dG;'/L g} ePsf sf/0f ax; s]Gb|df ;Fu7g tof/ ul/ Psdt eP/ df6f] sf6g
glbg] a? To; If]qdf la?jf nufpg ;s] /fd|f] x'g] s'/fdf ljZj:t eO{ cWoIfnfO{ afWo agfO{ cfkm}+ ljkt
Joa:yfkgsf] cWoIf ePkl5 cfkm} /f]Sg] sfddf ;s[o x'g afWox'g' k/of] . ;Fo"Q a}7sdf 5nkmn egfeg
eO{ lgisz{df k'uL ToxLlbg b]lv h;n] df6f] a]Rg] k|of; u5{ p;nfO{ sfo{jfxL ug]{ egL lg0f{of ul/of] .
To;lbg b]vL vf]nfsf] df6f] sf6g] sfd aGb ePsf] 5 .
ca df6f] sf6]/ a]Rg]nfO{ d cfkm} a}7s /fv]/ sfo{jfxL u5'{ eG5g vlnn dG;'/L .jf:tjd} ax;
s]Gb|n] dxz';Ls/0f u/]sf] ;xof]uLx?sf] kxn,k|of; ePsf] 5 .o; af6 klg a'emg ;lsg] / a'emg' kg]{
;d'bfosf] cfkm} cfkmgf] ;d:of k|lt ulDe/ ge} csf{sf] xf] jf ;/sf/L xf] eg]/ nfkfjf{xL ubf{ ;d:of
xfdLn] g} v8f ul//x]sf] x'bfF /x]5f} Æl/kmn]S6 ;xhstf{sf] egfO{ 5 .
ax; s]Gb| ;jfn klxrfg / pgLx?sf] dx;''; ug{ ;Sg] jftfj/0f tof/ ug{ ;Sg] ;jfnsf] 6'uf]
nufpg klg k5L kb}{gg ;xefuLx? .To;}n] ;jfndf dx;';Ls/0f h?/t cjZo x'g'k5{ clg dfq xft
kg'{ ;kmntfsf] .
dgdfof lg/f}nf
;d'bfo kl/rfns, pKsf g]kfn

6. l/kmn]S6 s]Gb| kl/jt{gsf] cleofg /f]lsPsf] 5}g .
w]/} aif{ klxn]b]lv jf9L k|efljt O6x/L gu/kflnsf jf8{ g+= & sbdfxf 6f]n k|To]s jif{ ;d'bfo
8'jfgdf kg]{ 3/3/df kfgL k:Yof] . afnaflnsfx? ljBfno hfg kfpb}gYof] . ;d'bfosf dflg;x?
jf/kf/ ug{ ;Sb}gy] . lsg eg] j:tLsf] jLrdf gfnf lyof] . gfnfdf k'n gePsf] / w]/} ulx/f]
lyof] . jfl9 cfPsf] j]nf jf/kf/ ug{ w]/} ufx|f] x'GYof] . ;dfgx?, ufOa:t'x?nfO{ jf/kf/ ug{ ufx|f]
x'GYof] . ldlt @)%& ;fndf 7'nf] jf9L cfof] . k|To]s 3/x?df kfgL kl; elTsof] . gu/kflnsfaf6
kl/jf/ ;+Vof cg';f/ Ro"/f / ;v/ afFl8of] t/ 3/ elTsg]x?nfO{ /fxt dfUgsf] nflu uP klg
;DalGwt lgsfosf kbfwLsf/Lx?n] ;'g'jfO{ ub}{gy] .
;g @))* df pKsf g]kfn dfkm{t l8k]sf] rf}yf] kl/of]hgf O{6x/L gu/kflnsfdf k|sf]k k'j{
tof/Lsf nflu sfd ug{ ;d'bfodf e]nf eO{ ldl6Ë u/]/ k|sf]k Joa:yfkg ;ldlt u7g ul/
l/kmnS6 s]Gb| ;+rfng x'g yfNof] . l/km|n]S6 s]Gb|df dlxnfx? ;Fu ;d'bfodf p7]sf laeLGg
]
;jfndf 5nkmn ul/ ;DalGwt lgsfo;Dd nlu ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg ug{ yfn] . pKsf g]kfn /
PSzg P8sf] ;xof]udf dlxnfx?nfO{ k|sf]k k"j{ tof/L ;DalGw Ifdtf clea[l4 tfnLd kfO{;s]
kl5 ;d'bfosf dflg;x? ;d'bfosf] ljeLGg ;d:ofx? p7fg ul/ ;DalGwt lgsfodf cfkm}+ cu||;/
eO{ hfg yfn] .
sTgf 6f]ndf ldlt @))^% ;fn h]i7 dlxgfdf xfjf x'/Ln] $) 3/ p8fPsf] lyof] ;f] ;dodf
k|sf]k Joa:yfkg ;ldltsf] cWoIf nufot ;j} ;b:ox? dLn]/ gu/kflnsf, lO{nfsf k|x/L sfo{no
O{6x/Laf6 36gf af/] hfgsf/L u/fO{ O{6x/L /]8s|; zfvfaf6 lk8Lt afx| kl/jf/nfO{ lqkfn
pknAw u/fP ;fy} gu/kflnsf / lhNnf b}jLs k|sf]k p4f/ ;ldltsf] sf]ifaf6 k|To]s kl/jf/nfO{
b'j} lgsfosf] tkm{af6 ? kfFr ÷kfFr ;osf b/n] /fxt pknAw u/fP . TotLdfq /sdn] 3/
lgdf{0f ug{ g;Sg] cfly{s cj:yf sDhf]/ ePsfn] 3/ lgdf{0fsf nflu k|sf]k Joa:yfkg ;ldltsf
;b:ox? P;=cf]=P;= afnu|fd g]kfn;Fu ;dGjo ul/ C0flnO{ O{6fsf] s';L{,lkn/ / l6gsf] 5fgf
ePsf] ;fwf/0f 3/ lgdf{0f ul/of] . 3/x? hdLgsf] ;txeGbf dfyL p7fO{ lgdf{0f ul/Psf] x'gfn]
af9L cfpbf klg kfgLn] c;/ gug]{ eof] .
sdnL rf}w/L
l/kmn]S6 ;xhstf{, pKsf g]kfn