The document discusses lessons from different Asian countries' approaches to increasing broadband penetration. It analyzes Korea's subsidy-driven approach, Hong Kong's market-led approach, and Sri Lanka's mixed approach. Key decisions for countries include choosing between subsidy-driven vs market-driven models and organic vs programmatic policymaking. The appropriate solution depends on a country's institutional context and ability to effectively implement policies.

1. Role of Government in Increasing Broadband Penetration Lessons from Asia Helani Galpaya LIRNE asia Lima, Peru 18 May 2011 This work was carried out with the aid of a grant from the International Development Research Centre, Canada and the Department for International Development, UK.

3. KOREA

5. A mix of FTTx, Cable, xDSL, other technologies for BB Source: OECD Communication Outlook documents

11. Money! Source: MIC, A critique of Korean National Information Strategy: case of national informational infrastructure, Dong Hee-Shin + Year Policy Investment, USD m 1984 National Basic Information Systems (NBIS) 200 1987-96 National Database Computerization Project 5,536 1992 Korea Information Infrastructure (KII), 1992 40,000 1993-02 Informatization Promotion Fund 7,800 1994 GATS Tax concessions for those in high-tech and value- added sectors 1999 Cyber Korea 21 918 2004 Information Technology 839 (IT 839) 70,000 2006 e-Korea Vision 84.4 2007 Broadband IT Korea Vision 2009-13 Ultra Broadband Convergence Network 62

28. Hong Kong: Fixed Broadband Traffic

29. Hong Kong: Mobile Data Service Penetration

32. SRI LANKA

36. … giving low mobile voice & SMS prices Source: Nokia

38. ..leading to cheap mobile data access BD, IN, PK – Cheapest among all countries IN, PK, LK –most affordable group

43. Low supply of int’l cables Source: Global Marine Systems Ltd. Fewer cables in Indian Ocean, compared to Pacific, Atlantic

44. Resulting higher prices Source: TeleGeography $9~10 $32~52 $10~11 Asian Backhaul prices = 3 x N.American or European prices

46. CHOICES

50. CONCLUSION

54. Thank you