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The development of molecular tools to monitor the physiological response of shellfish to ocean acidification David Metzger1 Shallin Busch2 Michael Maher2 Paul McElhany2 Carolyn Friedman1 Steven Roberts1 1University of Washington School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences Seattle, WA 2NOAA’s Northwest Fishery Science Center Seattle, WA
Outline Introduce Ruditapesphilippinarum Background on ocean acidification and physiology Experimental design Results Future directions
Manila ClamRuditapesphilippinarum ,[object Object]
Economically important, locally farmed bivalve species
Few studies on the impacts of ocean acidification on      R. philippinarum.
OA results in increase in heavy metal uptake (Lopez et al., 2010). Photo: Taylor Shellfish
Ocean Acidification CO2 CO2 H2O H2CO3 H+ + HCO3 CO32- CO2 pH Aragonite Calcite Photo by David Mack www.visualphotos.com
Ocean Acidification and Physiology Decreases in aragonite and calcite saturation state inhibits the ability of calcifying organisms to properly form shells. Changes in metabolism and energy allocations More energy put towards calcification and and less allocated towards other vital physiological processes Disrupts ion homeostasis Changes in immune response Generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) =  increased cytological damage
Experimental Design 400uatm 520uatm 1000uatm 3 pCO2 Levels 6 Replicates/pCO2 treatment ~30,000 larvae/jar Sampling schedule: Days in system = 1, 4, 7, 11, 14 days
Experimental Conditions pH 400ppm 520ppm 1000ppm Day ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Are clams ok?
OA and Oxidative Stress ,[object Object]
ROS: Compounds containing oxygen with unpaired electronse.g. H2O2 ,[object Object],Immune response Cell signaling Environment ,[object Object]
Breakdown of pollutants
Detoxification of ROS:	Reduced by enzymes,[object Object]
Measuring physiological changes At the genomic level…. qPCR Sequence specific primers Gene of Interest Copies of target region ,[object Object]
Quantify,[object Object]
Previous studies measuring GPx gene expression noted a significant decrease under high pCO2 conditions,[object Object]
Ocean Acidification and Physiology Decreases in aragonite and calcite saturation state inhibits the ability of calcifying organisms to properly form shells. Changes in metabolism and energy allocations More energy put towards calcification and and less allocated towards other vital physiological processes Disrupts ion homeostasis Changes in immune response Generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) =  increased cytological damage

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The development of molecular tools to monitor the physiological response of shellfish to ocean acidification

  • 1. The development of molecular tools to monitor the physiological response of shellfish to ocean acidification David Metzger1 Shallin Busch2 Michael Maher2 Paul McElhany2 Carolyn Friedman1 Steven Roberts1 1University of Washington School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences Seattle, WA 2NOAA’s Northwest Fishery Science Center Seattle, WA
  • 2. Outline Introduce Ruditapesphilippinarum Background on ocean acidification and physiology Experimental design Results Future directions
  • 3.
  • 4. Economically important, locally farmed bivalve species
  • 5. Few studies on the impacts of ocean acidification on R. philippinarum.
  • 6. OA results in increase in heavy metal uptake (Lopez et al., 2010). Photo: Taylor Shellfish
  • 7. Ocean Acidification CO2 CO2 H2O H2CO3 H+ + HCO3 CO32- CO2 pH Aragonite Calcite Photo by David Mack www.visualphotos.com
  • 8. Ocean Acidification and Physiology Decreases in aragonite and calcite saturation state inhibits the ability of calcifying organisms to properly form shells. Changes in metabolism and energy allocations More energy put towards calcification and and less allocated towards other vital physiological processes Disrupts ion homeostasis Changes in immune response Generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) = increased cytological damage
  • 9. Experimental Design 400uatm 520uatm 1000uatm 3 pCO2 Levels 6 Replicates/pCO2 treatment ~30,000 larvae/jar Sampling schedule: Days in system = 1, 4, 7, 11, 14 days
  • 10.
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 15.
  • 16.
  • 17.
  • 18.
  • 19. Ocean Acidification and Physiology Decreases in aragonite and calcite saturation state inhibits the ability of calcifying organisms to properly form shells. Changes in metabolism and energy allocations More energy put towards calcification and and less allocated towards other vital physiological processes Disrupts ion homeostasis Changes in immune response Generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) = increased cytological damage
  • 20. Acknowledgements University of Washington Roberts Lab: Sam White Steven Roberts Emma Timmins-Schiffman Caroline Storer Mackenzie Gavery Friedman Lab: Carolyn Friedman Brent Vadopalas Liza Ray Lisa Crosson EleneDorfmeier SammiBrombacker Robyn Strenge NOAA NWFSC Shallin Busch Paul McElhany Mike Maher Jason Miller Sarah Norberg Taylor Shellfish Greg Jacob Joth Davis Funding Washington Sea Grant Saltonstall-Kennedy University of Washington
  • 21. Special Thanks! Student Sponsors Chelsea Farms LLC Chuckanut Shellfish Little Skookum Shellfish Growers NOAA PCS-NSA Rock Point Oyster Co. Seattle Shellfish Taylor Shellfish