1. Weather and Climate
Weather and Climate
David Fernández Expósito
David Fernández Expósito
5ºB
5ºB

2. 1.Weather and Climate
• Weather: refers to atmospheric conditions
at a specific moment.
• Climate: refers to the typical atmospheric
conditions in an area over a long period of
time.

3. Atmospheric conditions
• Temperature is the amount of heat in the atmosphere.
We can measure temperature with a thermometer.
• Precipitation is water that falls from the sky as
rain,snow or hail. We can measure precipitation with a
pluviometer.
• Wind is the movement of air in the atmosphere. We can
use a weather vane to check the wind´s direction and
we can use an anenometer to measure its velocity.
• Atmospheric pressure is caused by the weight of the
air in the atmosphere. We can measure this pressure
with a barometer.

4. Factors that influence climate
• Latitude: climate zones that are near the
Equator are usually warm. The Sun shines more
directly on these zones ,so they receive more
light and heat.
• Distance from bodies of water: temperatures
are less extreme near large bodies of water,like
seas or oceans.
• Altitude: places at higher altitudes are usually
colder than places at lower altitudes. A change
in altitude of only 160 meters can cause a
change in temperature of 1ºC.

5. 2.The Earth´s climate zones
• The Earth has got many climate
zones, but we can classify all of them
into three general categories:
– hot climates
– temperate climates
– cold climates

6. Hot climates
• Equatorial climates have high
temperatures and lots of precipitation all
year long.
• Tropical climates have high temperatures
all year long. They recive lots of
precipitation in summer, but the weather
is dry in the winter.
• Desert climates receive very little
precipitation all year long. They can also
have very extrene temperatures.

7. Desert climate

8. Equatorial climate

9. Tropical climate

10. Temperate climates
• Oceanic climates have mild temperatures
all year long. They receive a lot of
precipitation, especially in winter.
• Mediterranean climates have mild winters
and hot summers. Summers are usually
dry.
• Continental climates have cold winters and
hot summers. They don´t receive very
much precipitation.

11. Oceanic climate

12. Mediterranean climate

13. Continental climate

14. Cold climates
• Mountain climates are cold.There is more
precipitation at high altitudes.
• Polar climates have very low
temperatures.They receive very little
precipitation.

15. Mountain climate

16. Polar climate

17. 3.Climate zones in Spain
• Spain has got a variety of climate zones. All of
them are influenced by differences in latitude,
distance from bodies of water and altitude.
• Climates in Spain:
– Oceanic
– Mountain
– Continental mediterranean
– Mediterranean
– Subtropical*.
*Temperatures are high all year long and there isn´t a lot
of precipitation.

18. 4.Climate change
• Climate change is caused by increase in the Earth´s
temperature.
• Today, most scientist believe that the Earth´s climate is
changing. The main cause of this change is an increase
in waste gases, like carbon dioxide, in the Earth´s
atmosphere.
• Higher sea levels: the ice in polar zones is melting.
• More severe weather: are going to cause more violent
storms.
• Drought: some regions are going to receive less
precipitation, so they won´t have enough water.
• Extincion: some animal species are going to disapear.

19. Melting in polar zones

20. 5.Climate and natural disasters
• Strong winds can cause serious damage to buildings
eand trees.
• A hurricane is a large tropical storm that can be
hundreds kilometres across. Can produce winds of 250
kilometres per hour.
• A tornado is a column of air that comes down from a
storm cloud and rotates violently.
• Torrential rains can cause dangerous floods. Rivers can
overflow and cause serious damage.
• Droughts are long periods of time with little or no rain.
They can cause serious problems, especially for farmers.
• High temperatures can cause fores fires.

21. Tornado

22. Hurricane

23. GOOD BYE