Additional HTML

HTML Basics
HTML,Text, Images,Tables, Forms
Doncho Minkov
Telerik Software Academy
http://academy.telerik.com
TechnicalTrainer
http://minkov.it/

Table of Contents
1. Introduction to HTML
 How theWebWorks?
 What is a Web Page?
 My First HTML Page
 BasicTags: Hyperlinks, Images, Formatting
 Headings and Paragraphs
2. HTML in Details
 The <!DOCTYPE> Declaration
 The <head> Section:Title, Meta, Script, Style
2

Table of Contents (2)
 The <body> Section
 Text Styling and FormattingTags
 Hyperlinks: <a>
 Hyperlinks and Sections
 Images: <img>
 Lists: <ol>, <ul> and <dl>
 HTML Special Characters
3. The <div> and <span> elements
3

How the Web Works?
 WWW use classical client / server architecture
 HTTP is text-based request-response protocol
4
Page request
Client running a
Web Browser
Server runningWeb
Server Software
(IIS, Apache, etc.)
Server response
HTTP
HTTP

What is a Web Page?
 Web pages are text files containing HTML
 HTML – HyperText Markup Language
 A notation for describing
 document structure (semantic markup)
 formatting (presentation markup)
 Looks (looked?) like:
 A Microsoft Word document
 The markup tags provide information about
the page content structure
5

Creating HTML Pages
 An HTML file must have an .htm or .html file
extension
 HTML files can be created with text editors:
 NotePad, NotePad ++, PSPad
 Or HTML editors (WYSIWYG Editors):
 Microsoft FrontPage
 Macromedia Dreamweaver
 Netscape Composer
 Expression Web
6

HTML Basics
Text, Images,Tables, Forms

HTML Structure
 HTML is comprised of “elements” and “tags”
 Begins with <html> and ends with </html>
 When writing XHTML, must define a namespace
 Elements (tags) are nested one inside another:
 Tags have attributes:
 HTML describes structure using two main sections:
<head> and <body>
8
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<html> <head></head> <body></body> </html>
<img src="logo.jpg" alt="logo" />

HTML Code Formatting
 The HTML source code should be formatted to
increase readability and facilitate debugging.
 Every block element should start on a new line.
 Every nested (block) element should be indented.
 Browsers ignore multiple whitespaces in the page
source, so formatting is harmless.
 For performance reasons, formatting can be
sacrificed
9

First HTML Page
10
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head>
<title>My First HTML Page</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>This is some text...</p>
</body>
</html>
test.html

<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>
First HTML Page:Tags
11
Opening tag
Closing tag
An HTML element consists of an opening tag, a closing tag
and the content inside.

<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>
First HTML Page: Header
12
HTML header

<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>
First HTML Page: Body
13
HTML body

Some SimpleTags
 HyperlinkTags
 ImageTags
 Text formatting tags
14
<a href="http://www.telerik.com/"
title="Telerik">Link to Telerik Web site</a>
<img src="logo.gif" alt="logo" />
This text is <em>emphasized.</em>
<br />new line<br />
This one is <strong>more emphasized.</strong>

Some SimpleTags – Example
15
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head>
<title>Simple Tags Demo</title>
</head>
<body>
<a href="http://www.telerik.com/" title=
"Telerik site">This is a link.</a>
<br />
<br />
<strong>Bold</strong> and <em>italic</em> text.
</body>
</html>
some-tags.html

Some SimpleTags – Example (2)
16
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head>
<title>Simple Tags Demo</title>
</head>
<body>
<a href="http://www.telerik.com/" title=
"Telerik site">This is a link.</a>
<br />
<br />
<strong>Bold</strong> and <em>italic</em> text.
</body>
</html>
some-tags.html

Tags Attributes
 Tags can have attributes
 Attributes specify properties and behavior
 Example:
 Few attributes can apply to every element:
 id, style, class, title
 The id is unique in the document
 Content of title attribute is displayed as hint
when the element is hovered with the mouse
 Some elements have obligatory attributes
18
Attribute alt with value "logo"

Headings and Paragraphs
 HeadingTags (h1 – h6)
 ParagraphTags
 Sections: div and span
19
<p>This is my first paragraph</p>
<p>This is my second paragraph</p>
<h1>Heading 1</h1>
<h2>Sub heading 2</h2>
<div style="background: skyblue;">
This is a div</div>

Headings and Paragraphs –
Example
20
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head><title>Headings and paragraphs</title></head>
<body>
<h1>Heading 1</h1>
<div style="background:skyblue">
This is a div</div>
</body>
</html>
headings.html

<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head><title>Headings and paragraphs</title></head>
<body>
<h1>Heading 1</h1>
<div style="background:skyblue">
This is a div</div>
</body>
</html>
Headings and Paragraphs –
Example (2)
21
headings.html

Headings and Paragraphs
Live Demo

Introduction to HTML
HTML Document Structure in Depth

Preface
 It is important to have the correct vision and
attitude towards HTML
 HTML is only about structure, not appearance
 Browsers tolerate invalid HTML code and parse
errors – you should not
 Always think about semantics
24

The <!DOCTYPE> Declaration
 HTML documents must start with a document
type definition (DTD)
 It tells web browsers what type is the served code
 Possible versions: HTML 4.01, XHTML 1.0
(Transitional or Strict), XHTML 1.1, HTML 5
 Example:
 See http://w3.org/QA/2002/04/valid-dtd-list.html for a list
of possible doctypes
25
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

HTML vs. XHTML
 XHTML is more strict than HTML
 Tags and attribute names must be in lowercase
 All tags must be closed (<br/>, <img/>) while
HTML allows <br> and <img> and implies
missing closing tags (<p>par1 <p>par2)
 XHTML allows only one root <html> element
(HTML allows more than one)
26

XHTML vs. HTML (2)
 Many element attributes are deprecated in
XHTML, most are moved to CSS
 Attribute minimization is forbidden, e.g.
 Note:Web browsers load XHTML faster than
HTML and valid code faster than invalid!
27
<input type="checkbox" checked>
<input type="checkbox" checked="checked" />

The <head> Section
 Contains information that doesn’t show
directly on the viewable page
 Starts after the <!doctype> declaration
 Begins with <head> and ends with </head>
 Contains mandatory single <title> tag
 Can contain some other tags, e.g.
 <meta>
 <script>
 <style>
 <!–- comments -->
28

<head> Section: <title> tag
 Title should be placed between <head> and
</head> tags
 Used to specify a title in the window titlebar
 Search engines and people rely on titles
29
<title>Telerik Academy – Winter Season 2009/2010
</title>

<head> Section: <meta>
 Meta tags additionally describe the content
contained within the page
30
<meta name="description" content="HTML
tutorial" />
<meta name="keywords" content="html, web
design, styles" />
<meta name="author" content="Chris Brewer" />
<meta http-equiv="refresh" content="5;
url=http://www.telerik.com" />

<head> Section: <script>
 The <script> element is used to embed
scripts into an HTML document
 Script are executed in the client's Web browser
 Scripts can live in the <head> and in the <body>
sections
 Supported client-side scripting languages:
 JavaScript (it is not Java!)
 VBScript
 JScript
31

The <script>Tag – Example
32
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript Example</title>
<script type="text/javascript">
function sayHello() {
document.write("<p>Hello World!</p>");
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<script type=
"text/javascript">
sayHello();
</script>
</body>
</html>
scripts-example.html

<head> Section: <style>
 The <style> element embeds formatting
information (CSS styles) into an HTML page
34
<html>
<head>
<style type="text/css">
p { font-size: 12pt; line-height: 12pt; }
p:first-letter { font-size: 200%; }
span { text-transform: uppercase; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p>Styles demo.<br />
<span>Test uppercase</span>.
</p>
</body>
</html>
style-example.html

Embedding CSS Styles
Live Demo

Comments: Tag
 Comments can exist anywhere between the
<html></html> tags
 Comments start with 
36
<!–- Telerik Logo (a JPG file) -->
<img src="logo.jpg" alt=“Telerik Logo">
<!–- Hyperlink to the web site -->
<a href="http://telerik.com/">Telerik</a>
<!–- Show the news table -->
<table class="newstable">
...

<body> Section: Introduction
 The <body> section describes the viewable
portion of the page
 Starts after the <head> </head> section
 Begins with <body> and ends with </body>
37
<html>
<head><title>Test page</title></head>
<body>

</body>
</html>

Text Formatting
 Text formatting tags modify the text between
the opening tag and the closing tag
 Ex. <b>Hello</b> makes “Hello” bold
<b></b> bold
<i></i> italicized
<u></u> underlined
<sup></sup> Samplesuperscript
<sub></sub> Samplesubscript
<strong></strong> strong
<em></em> emphasized
<pre></pre> Preformatted text
<blockquote></blockquote> Quoted text block
<del></del> Deleted text – strike through
38

Text Formatting – Example
39
<html>
<head>
<title>Page Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Notice</h1>
<p>This is a <em>sample</em> Web page.</p>
<p><pre>Next paragraph:
preformatted.</pre></p>
<h2>More Info</h2>
<p>Specifically, we’re using XHMTL 1.0 transitional.<br />
Next line.</p>
</body>
</html>
text-formatting.html

Text Formatting – Example (2)
40
<html>
<head>
<title>Page Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Notice</h1>
<p>This is a <em>sample</em> Web page.</p>
<p><pre>Next paragraph:
preformatted.</pre></p>
<h2>More Info</h2>
<p>Specifically, we’re using XHMTL 1.0 transitional.<br />
Next line.</p>
</body>
</html>
text-formatting.html

Hyperlinks: <a>Tag
 Link to a document called form.html on the
same server in the same directory:
 Link to a document called parent.html on
the same server in the parent directory:
 Link to a document called cat.html on the
same server in the subdirectory stuff:
42
<a href="form.html">Fill Our Form</a>
<a href="../parent.html">Parent</a>
<a href="stuff/cat.html">Catalog</a>

Hyperlinks: <a>Tag (2)
 Link to an external Web site:
 Always use a full URL, including "http://", not
just "www.somesite.com"
 Using the target="_blank" attribute opens
the link in a new window
 Link to an e-mail address:
43
<a href="http://www.devbg.org" target="_blank">BASD</a>
<a href="mailto:bugs@example.com?subject=Bug+Report">
Please report bugs here (by e-mail only)</a>

Hyperlinks: <a>Tag (3)
 Link to a document called apply-now.html
 On the same server, in same directory
 Using an image as a link button:
 Link to a document called index.html
 On the same server, in the subdirectory english of
the parent directory:
44
<a href="apply-now.html"><img
src="apply-now-button.jpg" /></a>
<a href="../english/index.html">Switch to
English version</a>

Hyperlinks and Sections
 Link to another location in the same document:
 Link to a specific location in another document:
45
<a href="#section1">Go to Introduction</a>
...
<h2 id="section1">Introduction</h2>
<a href="chapter3.html#section3.1.1">Go to Section
3.1.1</a>
<!–- In chapter3.html -->
...
<div id="section3.1.1">
<h3>3.1.1. Technical Background</h3>
</div>

Hyperlinks – Example
46
<a href="form.html">Fill Our Form</a> <br />
<a href="../parent.html">Parent</a> <br />
<a href="stuff/cat.html">Catalog</a> <br />
<br />
<a href="mailto:bugs@example.com?subject=Bug
Report">Please report bugs here (by e-mail only)</a>
<br />
<a href="apply-now.html"><img src="apply-now-button.jpg”
/></a> <br />
<a href="../english/index.html">Switch to English
version</a> <br />
hyperlinks.html

<a href="form.html">Fill Our Form</a> <br />
<a href="../parent.html">Parent</a> <br />
<a href="stuff/cat.html">Catalog</a> <br />
<br />
<a href="mailto:bugs@example.com?subject=Bug
Report">Please report bugs here (by e-mail only)</a>
<br />
<a href="apply-now.html"><img src="apply-now-button.jpg”
/></a> <br />
<a href="../english/index.html">Switch to English
version</a> <br />
hyperlinks.html
Hyperlinks – Example (2)
47

Links to the Same Document –
Example
49
<h1>Table of Contents</h1>
<p><a href="#section1">Introduction</a><br />
<a href="#section2">Some background</A><br />
<a href="#section2.1">Project History</a><br />
...the rest of the table of contents...

... Section 1 follows here ...
<h2 id="section2">Some background</h2>
<h3 id="section2.1">Project History</h3>
... Section 2.1 follows here ...
links-to-same-document.html

Links to the Same Document –
Example (2)
50
<h1>Table of Contents</h1>
<p><a href="#section1">Introduction</a><br />
<a href="#section2">Some background</A><br />
<a href="#section2.1">Project History</a><br />
...the rest of the table of contents...

<h2 id="section2">Some background</h2>
<h3 id="section2.1">Project History</h3>
... Section 2.1 follows here ...
links-to-same-document.html

Links to the Same Document
Live Demo

 Inserting an image with <img> tag:
 Image attributes:
 Example:
Images: <img> tag
src Location of image file (relative or absolute)
alt Substitute text for display (e.g. in text mode)
height Number of pixels of the height
width Number of pixels of the width
border Size of border, 0 for no border
<img src="/img/basd-logo.png">
<img src="./php.png" alt="PHP Logo" />
52

MiscellaneousTags
 <hr />: Draws a horizontal rule (line):
 <center></center>: Deprecated!
 <font></font>: Deprecated!
53
<hr size="5" width="70%" />
<center>Hello World!</center>
<font size="3" color="blue">Font3</font>
<font size="+4" color="blue">Font+4</font>

MiscellaneousTags – Example
54
<html>
<head>
<title>Miscellaneous Tags Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<hr size="5" width="70%" />
<center>Hello World!</center>
<font size="3" color="blue">Font3</font>
<font size="+4" color="blue">Font+4</font>
</body>
</html>
misc.html

a. Apple
b. Orange
c. Grapefruit
Ordered Lists: <ol>Tag
 Create an Ordered List using <ol></ol>:
 Attribute values for type are 1, A, a, I, or i
56
1. Apple
2. Orange
3. Grapefruit
A. Apple
B. Orange
C. Grapefruit
I. Apple
II. Orange
III. Grapefruit
i. Apple
ii. Orange
iii. Grapefruit
<ol type="1">
<li>Apple</li>
<li>Orange</li>
<li>Grapefruit</li>
</ol>

Unordered Lists: <ul>Tag
 Create an Unordered List using <ul></ul>:
 Attribute values for type are:
 disc, circle or square
57
• Apple
• Orange
• Pear
o Apple
o Orange
o Pear
 Apple
 Orange
 Pear
<ul type="disk">
<li>Apple</li>
<li>Orange</li>
<li>Grapefruit</li>
</ul>

Definition lists: <dl> tag
 Create definition lists using <dl>
 Pairs of text and associated definition; text is in
<dt> tag, definition in <dd> tag
 Renders without bullets
 Definition is indented
58
<dl>
<dt>HTML</dt>
<dd>A markup language …</dd>
<dt>CSS</dt>
<dd>Language used to …</dd>
</dl>

Lists – Example
59
<ol type="1">
<li>Apple</li>
<li>Orange</li>
<li>Grapefruit</li>
</ol>
<ul type="disc">
<li>Apple</li>
<li>Orange</li>
<li>Grapefruit</li>
</ul>
<dl>
<dt>HTML</dt>
<dd>A markup lang…</dd>
</dl>
lists.html

HTML Special Characters
££British Pound
€€Euro
""Quotation Mark
¥¥JapaneseYen
——Em Dash
 Non-breaking Space
&&Ampersand
>>GreaterThan
<<LessThan
™™Trademark Sign
®®RegisteredTrademark Sign
©©Copyright Sign
SymbolHTML EntitySymbol Name
61

Special Characters – Example
62
<p>[>>  Welcome
  <<]</p>
<p>►I have following cards:
A♣, K♦ and 9♥.</p>
<p>►I prefer hard rock ♫
music ♫</p>
<p>© 2006 by Svetlin Nakov & his
team</p>
<p>Telerik Academy™</p>
special-chars.html

Special Chars – Example (2)
63
<p>[>>  Welcome
  <<]</p>
<p>►I have following cards:
A♣, K♦ and 9♥.</p>
<p>►I prefer hard rock ♫
music ♫</p>
<p>© 2006 by Svetlin Nakov & his
team</p>
<p>Telerik Academy™</p>
special-chars.html

HTML Special Characters
Live Demo

Using <DIV> and <SPAN>
Block and Inline Elements

Block and Inline Elements
 Block elements add a line break before and
after them, and expand to 100% width
 <div>, <p>, <h1>, <ul> are block elements
 Inline elements don’t break the text before
and after them
 <span>, <a>, <em> are inline elements
 http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/visuren.html#blo
ck-boxes
66

The <div>Tag
 <div> creates logical divisions within a page
 Block style element
 Used with CSS
 Example:
67
<div style="font-size:24px; color:red">DIV
example</div>
<p>This one is <span style="color:red; font-
weight:bold">only a test</span>.</p>
div-and-span.html

The <span>Tag
 Inline style element
 Useful for modifying a specific portion of text
 Don't create a separate area
(paragraph) in the document
 Makes sense only with some CSS
69
<p>This one is <span style="color:red; font-
weight:bold">only a test</span>.</p>
<p>This one is another <span style="font-size:32px;
font-weight:bold">TEST</span>.</p>
span.html

HTMLTags Index
 http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/index/elements.
html
 http://www.htmldog.com/reference/htmltags/
71

форум програмиране,форум уеб дизайн
курсове и уроци по програмиране,уеб дизайн – безплатно
програмиранеза деца – безплатни курсове и уроци
безплатен SEO курс -оптимизация за търсачки
уроци по уеб дизайн, HTML,CSS, JavaScript,Photoshop
уроци по програмиранеи уеб дизайн за ученици
ASP.NET MVCкурс – HTML,SQL,C#,.NET,ASP.NETMVC
безплатен курс"Разработка на софтуер в cloud среда"
BG Coder -онлайн състезателна система -online judge
курсове и уроци по програмиране,книги – безплатно отНаков
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алго академия – състезателно програмиране,състезания
ASP.NET курс -уеб програмиране,бази данни, C#,.NET,ASP.NET
курсове и уроци по програмиране– Телерик академия
курсмобилни приложения с iPhone, Android,WP7,PhoneGap
freeC#book, безплатна книга C#,книга Java,книга C#
Дончо Минков -сайт за програмиране
Николай Костов -блог за програмиране
C#курс,програмиране,безплатно
HTML Basics
http://mobiledevcourse.telerik.com

Exercises
1. Write an HTML page like the following:
* Use headings and divs
73

Exercises (2)
2. Write an HTML page like the following:
3. Write an HTML page looking like the PNG file named
3.Introduction.PNG. Using the <a> tag add anchors
to the corresponding sections in the same page.
74

Exercises (3)
4. Create an user profile Web
page Profile.html, friends
page named Friends.html
and info page named
Info.html. Link them to
one another using <a> tag
75

Exercises (4)
76
5. Create aWeb site like the following:
See the image InetJava-site.png.

форум програмиране,форум уеб дизайн
курсове и уроци по програмиране,уеб дизайн – безплатно
програмиранеза деца – безплатни курсове и уроци
безплатен SEO курс -оптимизация за търсачки
уроци по уеб дизайн, HTML,CSS, JavaScript,Photoshop
уроци по програмиранеи уеб дизайн за ученици
ASP.NET MVCкурс – HTML,SQL,C#,.NET,ASP.NETMVC
безплатен курс"Разработка на софтуер в cloud среда"
BG Coder -онлайн състезателна система -online judge
курсове и уроци по програмиране,книги – безплатно отНаков
безплатен курс"Качествен програменкод"
алго академия – състезателно програмиране,състезания
ASP.NET курс -уеб програмиране,бази данни, C#,.NET,ASP.NET
курсове и уроци по програмиране– Телерик академия
курсмобилни приложения с iPhone, Android,WP7,PhoneGap
freeC#book, безплатна книга C#,книга Java,книга C#
Дончо Минков -сайт за програмиране
Николай Костов -блог за програмиране
C#курс,програмиране,безплатно
TODO: PresentationTitle

FreeTrainings @Telerik Academy
 Cross-Platform Mobile Development
 Telerik Software Academy
 academy.telerik.com
 Telerik Academy @ Facebook
 facebook.com/TelerikAcademy
 Telerik Software Academy Forums
 forums.academy.telerik.com

Additional HTML

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