3. Identifying Food Safety Risks
Reactive Systems
RASFF - Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed
Exchange of information between nations (e.g. GIEWS))
Searching for/Monitoring of information (e.g. EMM)
Proactive Systems
Horizon Scanning, foresight, risk profiling, ...
Holistic systems
ERDSS (Emerging Risk Detection Support System)
COMMIT/ EFoodLab
5. Holistic Systems
•
•
Conclusions from case studies
•
In every case study influential sectors were identified.
Most frequent influential sectors were:
•
•
•
•
Science and technology
Human behaviour
Nature and environment
Legislation & economy
Many indicators (and related data sources) were
identified, generic and case-specific
COMMIT/ EFoodLab
6. Holistic Systems
•
Detection needs:
•
Monitoring of news/science/... / other sources Information Retrieval
•
•
Text Mining - Information Extraction
•
•
Inferring possible risks - Reasoning
•
Data extraction (databases/spreadsheets) Information Extraction
Reporting
Evaluation (by experts)
COMMIT/ EFoodLab
13. Technology - Information Retrieval
Fruit
subclass of
Pomme_Fruit
cultivar of
Cox_Orange
cultivar of
Elstar
Previous studies have shown that commonly
used apple cultivars like Granny Smith, Golden
Delicious and Cox Orange are highly allergenic,
containing high levels of Mal d 1, whereas some
local cultivars like Gloster, Jamba and Belle de
Boskoop appear to be low-allergenic. Professor
Nybom claims that the allergen-free apple,
which so far has no name, tastes better and is
more beautiful than the apple Gloster, which so
far is the only apple variety that can be offered to
people with allergies.
subclass of
Apple
cultivar of
Golden Delicious
Apple is looking to use a plastic flexible OLED
screen for its upcoming iWatch, which can be
bent. The iPhone maker is testing OLED screens
in 1.3in, 1.4in and 1.5in screen sizes for the
forthcoming gadget, Korean publication
ChosunIlbo reported.
Reports also reveal that Apple has developed a
prototype of the iWatch with a 1.5in screen and
it is likely that the iPhone maker may source the
flexible OLED screens from Korean firms
including LG and Samsung.
COMMIT/ EFoodLab
14. Technology - Information Retrieval
Fruit
subclass of
Pomme_Fruit
cultivar of
Cox_Orange
cultivar of
Elstar
subclass of
Previous studies have shown that commonly
used apple cultivars like Granny Smith, Golden
Delicious and Cox Orange are highly allergenic,
containing high levels of Mal d 1, whereas some
local cultivars like Gloster, Jamba and Belle de
Boskoop appear to be low-allergenic. Professor
Nybom claims that the allergen-free apple,
which so far has no name, tastes better and is
more beautiful than the apple Gloster, which so
far is the only apple variety that can be offered to
people with allergies.
✓
Apple
cultivar of
Golden Delicious
Apple is looking to use a plastic flexible OLED
screen for its upcoming iWatch, which can be
bent. The iPhone maker is testing OLED screens
in 1.3in, 1.4in and 1.5in screen sizes for the
forthcoming gadget, Korean publication
ChosunIlbo reported.
Reports also reveal that Apple has developed a
prototype of the iWatch with a 1.5in screen and
it is likely that the iPhone maker may source the
flexible OLED screens from Korean firms
including LG and Samsung.
COMMIT/ EFoodLab
15. Technology - Information Retrieval
Fruit
subclass of
Pomme_Fruit
cultivar of
Cox_Orange
cultivar of
Elstar
subclass of
Apple
cultivar of
Golden Delicious
Previous studies have shown that commonly
used apple cultivars like Granny Smith, Golden
Delicious and Cox Orange are highly allergenic,
containing high levels of Mal d 1, whereas some
local cultivars like Gloster, Jamba and Belle de
Boskoop appear to be low-allergenic. Professor
Nybom claims that the allergen-free apple,
which so far has no name, tastes better and is
more beautiful than the apple Gloster, which so
far is the only apple variety that can be offered to
people with allergies.
✓
⨯
Apple is looking to use a plastic flexible OLED
screen for its upcoming iWatch, which can be
bent. The iPhone maker is testing OLED screens
in 1.3in, 1.4in and 1.5in screen sizes for the
forthcoming gadget, Korean publication
ChosunIlbo reported.
Reports also reveal that Apple has developed a
prototype of the iWatch with a 1.5in screen and
it is likely that the iPhone maker may source the
flexible OLED screens from Korean firms
including LG and Samsung.
COMMIT/ EFoodLab
16. Technology - Information Extraction
Fruit
subclass of
Pomme_Fruit
cultivar of
Cox_Orange
cultivar of
Elstar
Previous studies have shown that commonly
used apple cultivars like Granny Smith, Golden
Delicious and Cox Orange are highly allergenic,
containing high levels of Mal d 1, whereas some
local cultivars like Gloster, Jamba and Belle de
Boskoop appear to be low-allergenic. Professor
Nybom claims that the allergen-free apple,
which so far has no name, tastes better and is
more beautiful than the apple Gloster, which so
far is the only apple variety that can be offered to
people with allergies.
subclass of
Apple
cultivar of
Golden Delicious
COMMIT/ EFoodLab
17. Technology - Information Extraction
Previous studies have shown that commonly
used apple cultivars like Granny Smith, Golden
Delicious and Cox Orange are highly allergenic,
containing high levels of Mal d 1, whereas some
local cultivars like Gloster, Jamba and Belle de
Boskoop appear to be low-allergenic. Professor
Nybom claims that the allergen-free apple,
which so far has no name, tastes better and is
more beautiful than the apple Gloster, which so
far is the only apple variety that can be offered to
people with allergies.
Fruit
subclass of
Pomme_Fruit
cultivar of
Cox_Orange
cultivar of
subclass of
Apple
Granny_Smith
cultivar of
Granny_Smith
has allergenicity
High_Allergenicity
Golden_Delicious
has allergenicity
High_Allergenicity
Cox_Orange
has allergenicity
High_Allergenicity
cultivar of
Apple
EXTRACTED FACTS
Elstar
Golden_Delicious
COMMIT/ EFoodLab
18. Technology - Information Extraction
Previous studies have shown that commonly
used apple cultivars like Granny Smith, Golden
Delicious and Cox Orange are highly allergenic,
containing high levels of Mal d 1, whereas some
local cultivars like Gloster, Jamba and Belle de
Boskoop appear to be low-allergenic. Professor
Nybom claims that the allergen-free apple,
which so far has no name, tastes better and is
more beautiful than the apple Gloster, which so
far is the only apple variety that can be offered to
people with allergies.
Fruit
subclass of
Pomme_Fruit
cultivar of
Cox_Orange
subclass of
cultivar of
Apple
cultivar of
Elstar
Granny_Smith
Granny_Smith
has allergenicity
High_Allergenicity
Golden_Delicious
has allergenicity
High_Allergenicity
Cox_Orange
has allergenicity
High_Allergenicity
cultivar of
Golden_Delicious
COMMIT/ EFoodLab
19. Technology - Information Extraction
Previous studies have shown that commonly
used apple cultivars like Granny Smith, Golden
Delicious and Cox Orange are highly allergenic,
containing high levels of Mal d 1, whereas some
local cultivars like Gloster, Jamba and Belle de
Boskoop appear to be low-allergenic. Professor
Nybom claims that the allergen-free apple,
which so far has no name, tastes better and is
more beautiful than the apple Gloster, which so
far is the only apple variety that can be offered to
people with allergies.
Fruit
subclass of
Pomme_Fruit
cultivar of
Cox_Orange
subclass of
Granny_Smith
cultivar of
Apple
cultivar of
has allergenicity
High_Allergenicity
cultivar of
has allergenicity
Elstar
subclass of
Allergenicity
Golden_Delicious
COMMIT/ EFoodLab
20. Technology - Information Extraction
Fruit
subclass of
Pomme_Fruit
subclass of
cultivar of
Cox_Orange
cultivar of
Apple
cultivar of
cultivar of
Previous studies have shown that commonly
used apple cultivars like Granny Smith, Golden
Delicious and Cox Orange are highly allergenic,
containing high levels of Mal d 1, whereas some
Granny_Smith like Gloster, Jamba and Belle de
local cultivars
Boskoop appear to be low-allergenic. Professor
has allergenicity that the allergen-free apple,
Nybom claims
which so far has no name, tastes better and is
High_Allergenicity
more beautiful than the apple Gloster, which so
far is the only apple variety that can be offered to
subclass of
people with allergies.
has allergenicity
cultivar of
Gloster
Elstar
Allergenicity
subclass of
has allergenicity
Jamba
has allergenicity
Low_Allergenicity
Belle_de_Boskoop
COMMIT/ EFoodLab
21. Technology - Reasoning
•
Automatic reasoning is used to infer new
facts
•
Rule-based reasoning
•
•
IF condition_A OR/AND condition_B
THEN consequent ELSE alternative
May lead to Chain reaction of rules firing
COMMIT/ EFoodLab
22. Technology - Reasoning
•
Example
•
•
•
Source: FAO/Eurostat
•
Result: Increased disease pressure in cattle in country
X
•
IF increased_disease_pressure_in_country_X THEN
increased_use_of_antibiotics_in_country_X
•
Result: Increased use of antibiotics in country X
Indicator: Increased production of meat in country X
IF increased_production_of_meat_in_country_X
THEN increased_disease_pressure_in_countryX
COMMIT/ EFoodLab
23. Technology - Reasoning
•
•
Example
•
•
Result: Increased use of antibiotics in country X
IF increased_use_of_antibiotics_in_country_X
THEN
food_safety_risk_for_meat_from_country_X
Result: Food safety risk for meat from
country X
COMMIT/ EFoodLab
31. Reporting
•
The food safety expert needs:
•
The data sources that led to the
inference of the food safety risk
•
•
The inferred facts
The rules used in the inference
COMMIT/ EFoodLab
33. Reporting
Food safety risk for
meat from country X
IF increased_use_of_antibiotics_in_country_X THEN
food_safety_risk_for_meat_from_country_X
Increased use of
antibiotics in country X
IF increased_disease_pressure_in_country_X THEN
increased_use_of_antibiotics_in_country_X
Increased disease
pressure in cattle in
country X
IF increased_production_of_meat_in_country_X THEN
increased_disease_pressure_in_countryX
Increased production of
meat in country X
COMMIT/ EFoodLab
34. Conclusions
•
For realistic proactive system that can
process all the data available we need:
•
•
•
•
•
information retrieval
information extraction
reasoning
reporting
And lots of expert knowledge that can
be formalised in ontologies.
COMMIT/ EFoodLab
