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OpenData 講座

                   「開放資料」與「開放街圖」
                     當地圖不再只是地圖時

                             OpenStreetMap (OSM) Taiwan

                                     鄧東波
                                        於
                            CAFE PHILO 慕哲咖啡館地下沙龍




Monday, November 26, 2012
地圖

Monday, November 26, 2012
地圖
                   •        地圖,是根據一定的數學法則,將地球或星球的自然現
                            象和社會現象通過概括和符號縮繪在平面上的圖形。




Monday, November 26, 2012
http://imgur.com/r/MapPorn/i5j22
Monday, November 26, 2012
http://www.sonofthesouth.net/revolutionary-war/maps/world-map-1600s.htm
Monday, November 26, 2012
•        地圖,是根據一定的數學法則,將地球或星球的自
                            然現象和社會現象通過概括和符號縮繪在平面上的
                            圖形。




                                           1418年「天下諸番識貢圖」摹本
Monday, November 26, 2012
Economist cover
 [March 2009]




  http://www.outnext.com/on/2009/03/how-chine-sees-the-world.html
Monday, November 26, 2012
有南海地圖的新版中國護照




http://www.cp24.com/world/china-s-neighbours-
 enraged-by-map-in-new-passports-1.1050620 http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-20459064

Monday, November 26, 2012
http://savageminds.org/2008/05/15/a-taiwanese-view-of-the-world/
Monday, November 26, 2012
http://interculturalmeanderings.wordpress.com/2011/07/18/why-americans-view-the-world-as-geography-cartoons-depict/
Monday, November 26, 2012
草根性地圖?




                                http://cdn.citytalk.net.tw/bbs/data/attachment/forum/201012/06


Monday, November 26, 2012
地理資料
                            地圖是地理空間資訊的載體,
                             而地理資料呈現地圖的基礎




Monday, November 26, 2012
地理資料

           •      廣義而言,具有地理參照
                  的資料都可稱為地理資
                  料,清晰的地理參照是地
                  理坐標

           •      據說80%的數位資料都含
                  有地理元素,如地名、地
                  址、郵遞區號、網址。



Monday, November 26, 2012
地理資料 2.0
                            Web 2.0 技術改變地理資訊的質與量




Monday, November 26, 2012
Web 2.0
                   •        一項網路技術的革新,使得網路使用者不僅僅
                            是資訊消費者,更是資訊提供者

                   •        一項網路內容混搭(mashup)的技術

                   •        形成集體智慧(collective intelligence)的平台




                                                      http://www.housingmaps.com/
Monday, November 26, 2012
線上製圖
                   •        線上製圖是指地圖製作、設計、和編修地圖的
                            操作在網路上執行

                   •        地圖不再是只有權威單位才可生產

                   •        網路上公開的地圖和地理資訊愈來愈多

                   •        逐漸邁向合作協同式的製圖方式




Monday, November 26, 2012
GPS
                   •        美國於2000年解除人為干擾  (SA, Selective
                            Availability),民用的GPS提高定位精度

                   •        現今,GPS裝置是智慧型手機的基本配備

                   •        人人都可以生產地理資訊,成為「人體感測
                            器」(Human sensor)




Monday, November 26, 2012
使用者生產地理內容
                                (User-Generated Geo-Content)

                  •         網路內容(content of Web)不再是只由少數人提供
                            和維護,而是集合普羅大眾的力量來構成,這不
                            同以往的革新是Web 2.0的一個重要特徵

                  •         網路技術的革新,亦使得地理資料的生產變得更
                            為容易,線上地圖或GPS ,使得未受地理資訊訓
                            練的人亦可將他們所觀察的地理資料分享於網路
                            之中

                  •         這些「使用者生產地理內容」(User-Generated
                            Geo-Content)有別於過去地理資料,需要受專業
                            地理資訊訓練的人才能生產,並有別於政府單位
                            或學術單位的目的
Monday, November 26, 2012
開放街圖
                            (OpenStreetMap)




Monday, November 26, 2012
OpenStreetMap
                   • 免費且自由的地圖
                    • 開放地理資料
                    • 開放格式、開放源碼
                   • 全球性的合作協同計畫
                    • 收集群眾資料和開放授權資料
                    • 維基化(wiki-style)的地圖
Monday, November 26, 2012
The year edits of 2011




Monday, November 26, 2012
OSM 可被用來...

         •      地圖瀏覽

         •      地圖顯示

         •      查詢

         •      定址

         •      資料輸出

         •      線上編修




Monday, November 26, 2012
不再只是Google Map
                   •        Microsoft 和 ESRI 分別贊助 OSM的發展

                   •        Foursquare 和 iPhone iOS 放棄使用Google Map

                   •        海地地震救災顯示社群地圖的力量




Monday, November 26, 2012
OSM 在海地地震的貢獻




                            http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/magazine/8517057.stm
Monday, November 26, 2012
OSM 在海地地震的貢獻
                         鄉民的力量




                                   Souce: Maron 2010


                            地震前   地震7日後

Monday, November 26, 2012
Kibera地圖的比較




                    •       更多有關於Kibera貧民區的改善計畫可以看
                            http://mapkibera.org/
Monday, November 26, 2012
Mapping Changes
                      利用OSM來改善貧民區




Monday, November 26, 2012
OSM 更能符合在地需求
   台北木柵動物園、貓空一帶




        http://tools.geofabrik.de/mc/
Monday, November 26, 2012
那我怎麼在OSM畫地
                      圖呢?




Monday, November 26, 2012
一個OSM的製圖者
              •      上傳的GPS航跡和地理標籤照片

              •      除了提供GPS航跡,也應參與繪圖

              •      編輯地理物件的屬性

                    •       名稱,如街名、大樓名

                    •       型態,如道路等級

                    •       POI

                    •       交通設施...等



Monday, November 26, 2012
收集資料


             • GPS 航跡
             • 地理標籤照片
             • 紙筆
                    (walking-papers.org)
             • 其它,如Mobile

Monday, November 26, 2012
上傳GPS




                  http://www.openstreetmap.org/traces

Monday, November 26, 2012
雲霄飛車的GPS航跡




                 Image courtesy of Kinya Inoue, Mapping of historical places in Japan, SotM 2012
Monday, November 26, 2012
Walking Paper來收集資料



                            http://walking-papers.org




Monday, November 26, 2012
將掃瞄且上傳的walkingpaper
                  用在JSOM上做地圖編輯




Monday, November 26, 2012
地圖編輯工具
                   •        線上的
                        •   Potlatch (Popular!)
                        •   Mapzen
                        •   Amenity Editor
                   •        離線的
                        •   JOSM (Popular!)
                        •   Merkaartor
                        •   Plugins QGIS

                            See more info http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Editors
Monday, November 26, 2012
Potlatch2




Monday, November 26, 2012
Mapzen




       mapzen.cloudmade.com

Monday, November 26, 2012
Amenity Editor




 http://ae.osmsurround.org/ae/index
Monday, November 26, 2012
JOSM




Monday, November 26, 2012
Merkaator




            http://merkaartor.be/
Monday, November 26, 2012
OSM Plugins for QGIS




Monday, November 26, 2012
由QGIS下載OSM資料
       (1)                                 (2)




                                (3)




Monday, November 26, 2012
在QGIS開啟OSM檔
       (1)
                                          (2)




                                  (3)




Monday, November 26, 2012
智慧型手機中Apps

          •      Apple iOS

               •      iPhone, e.g. iLOE

          •      Andriod

               •      e.g.Vespucci OSM Editor




           See more details http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Software

Monday, November 26, 2012
OSM的資料管理




Monday, November 26, 2012
幾何模型
    Node
    Way
      Open polyline
           Closed polyline
            Area
    Relation
    Tag

         更多資訊 http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Data_Primitives
Monday, November 26, 2012
圖徵(Map feature)
     •      Key / value

           •      higway = motorway
           •      name = 福爾摩沙高速公路
           •      ref = Fwy3
           •      maxspeed=110

     •      Recommended usage

           •      (wiki:Map Features)

     •      Consensus (Tagwatch, OSMdoc)

     •      Homogeneity : data reuse

     •      Requirement adjust
Monday, November 26, 2012
各圖層的說明在Wiki上




   http://wiki.openstreetmap/wiki/Zh-hant:Map_Features
Monday, November 26, 2012
更詳細的tag描述




Monday, November 26, 2012
資料檢核
     •      和所有自由軟體一樣,資料品質的檢核是由社群完成
     •      Linus’ law
          •    given enough eyeballs, all bugs are shallow
          •    充夠的繪圖者和地圖使用者,所有問題很快的就會被
               發現。




Monday, November 26, 2012
OSM的架構
                    Geodata   Editing   Backend   Rendering   Visualization




Monday, November 26, 2012
Backend




Monday, November 26, 2012
Backend database: PostgreSQL
               •      OSM doesn’t use geometry type of PostgreSQL
                      and geospatial functions of PostGIS.
               •      OSM API v0.6 is used for the main central OSM
                      DB running on servers.
                    •       http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/API_v0.6
               •      Osmosis is used to populate a more general
                      PostgreSQL/PostGIS DB from Planet.osm dump
                      file.
                    •       http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Osmosis

Monday, November 26, 2012
Rendering system




Monday, November 26, 2012
Mapnik
                                  www.mapnik.org


           •      OSM uses Mapnik to render 256 X
                  256 pixels tiles
           •      osm2pgsql is used to convert OSM
                  data to postgreSQL for Mapnik
                  rendering
           •      Map sytles are controlled by
                  stylesheet (XML) files.
           •      Useful tutorial! https://github.com/
                  mapnik/mapnik/wiki/MapnikTutorials

Monday, November 26, 2012
Mod tile
                   • Mod tile is a system to serve tiles, for
                            example to use within a slippy map.
                   • The implement of Mod file is split into two
                            ports
                        • mod_tile is a custom Apache module
                              which is responsible for serving tiles and
                              requests the rendering of tiles
                        • renderd - A rendering daemon which calls
                              mapnik and writes the map tiles to the
                              filesystem
Monday, November 26, 2012
tile@home
           • Tiles@home (short: T@H or tah) is a distributed
                  program to render Osmarender maps.
           • T@H has a server software, Tahngo (generation
                  2), running at the Tiles@home website, which get
                  requests to render tiles from updated mapdata.




Monday, November 26, 2012
Visualization




Monday, November 26, 2012
Slippy map
                   •        The slippy is an Ajax component. JavaScript runs in the
                            browser, which dynamically requests tiles from the
                            server in the background (without reloading web page)
                            to give a smooth map browsing experiences.
                   •        The implementation of slippy map is mostly provided
                            by OpenLayers
                   •        The tiles rendering usually comes from two resources
                        •     Mapnik tile rendering
                        •     Osmrender (tiles@home) tile rendering

                                      See details http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Develop
Monday, November 26, 2012
OSM社群
                            wiki, mailing lists, mapping party




Monday, November 26, 2012
wiki.openstreetmap.org




Monday, November 26, 2012
OSM Mapping party




Monday, November 26, 2012
talk-tw@openstreetmap.org




Monday, November 26, 2012
The Growth of OSM Taiwan data




Monday, November 26, 2012
台南活躍的mappers




Monday, November 26, 2012
台北活躍的mappers




Monday, November 26, 2012
台中活躍的mappers




Monday, November 26, 2012
Monday, November 26, 2012
基於OSM的地圖服務


Monday, November 26, 2012
Real-time train map
                             http://kubus.mailspool.nl/spoorkaart/

    利用OSM來製做火車即時路線圖




Monday, November 26, 2012
histOSM.org
       用OSM做歷史遺跡分佈圖




Monday, November 26, 2012
Monday, November 26, 2012
wheelmap.org
       以OSM為基礎製作無障礙設施地圖服務




Monday, November 26, 2012
opencyclemap.org
                               開放自行車道圖




Monday, November 26, 2012
謝謝聆聽,敬請賜教!




                            本簡報內容皆採用 創用CC 姓名標示-相同方式分享 3.0 台灣 授權條款
Monday, November 26, 2012

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20121124 青平台od#2 當地圖不再只是地圖時