The document summarizes the key events of the French and Indian War (1756-1763), also known as the Seven Years' War, which was fought between the British and French colonies in North America over control of the Ohio Valley. The war resulted in a British victory and the Treaty of Paris in 1763, in which France ceded its North American territories to Britain. However, the war greatly increased Britain's national debt and its policies towards the colonies after the war frustrated the colonists and contributed to growing tensions that would later erupt in the American Revolutionary War.

3. The First Clash - 1754 British French Fort Necessity Fort Duquesne * George Washington * Delaware & Shawnee Indians The Ohio Valley

4. Fort Necessity - 1754 This confrontation in the summer of 1754 was the opening battle of the war fought by England and France for control of the North American continent. It was also the opening episode of a worldwide struggle known in North America as the French and Indian War, but in Europe as the Seven Years War.

7. Fort Duquesne 1755 The British were led by General Braddock, but his expedition to capture the French stronghold of Fort Duquesne resulted in ambush, with England losing more than a thousand men that day. He invited George Washington along as an aide-de-camp.

8. The British troops, in Washington’s words, were “immediately struck with such a deadly Panick that nothing but confusion prevail’d amongst them.” Braddock was mortally wounded.

9. Washington did his best to try to rally the regulars and to use a few Virginia troops to cover the retreat. His coolness and bravery under fire enhanced his reputation.

10. This etching depicts General Edward Braddock’s burial by George Washington, then a Braddock aide.

11. Native American tribes exploited both warring sides Lord Loudouin Marquis de Montcalm War is formally declared 1756

13. Sir William Johnson In 1756, Sir William secured the title of British Superintendent of Indian Affairs for the Six Nations and held this title for the rest of his life. In 1759, Johnson’s troops seized Old Fort Niagara.

14. North America in 1750 At the end of the 17th century approximately 200,000 people inhabited the British colonies in North America. The following century saw an explosion in numbers with the population doubling about every 25 years.

15. * By 1761, Spain has become an ally of France 1758-1761  The Tide Turns for England The French were driven from many frontier posts such as Fort Niagara , and the key Fortress Louisbourg fell to the British in 1758.

16. North America in 1763

17. Treaty of Paris 1763 It was signed by the Kingdoms of Great Britain, France and Spain to end the French and Indian War and the Seven Years' War.

18. France --> lost her Canadian possessions, most of her empire in India, and claims to lands east of the Mississippi River. Spain --> got all French lands west of the Mississippi River, New Orleans, but lost Florida to England. England --> got all French lands in Canada, exclusive rights to Caribbean slave trade, and commercial dominance in India. Treaty of Paris - 1763 The surrender of New France to the English, Montréal, 1760

19. France lost its N. America colonies

20. March in formation or bayonet charge. Br. officers wanted to take charge of colonials. Drills & tough discipline. Colonists should pay for their own defense. Prima Donna Br. officers with servants & tea settings. Indian-style guerilla tactics. Col. militias served under own captains. No mil. deference or protocols observed. Resistance to rising taxes. Casual, non-professionals. Methods of Fighting: Military Organization: Military Discipline: Finances: Demeanor: British-American Colonial Tensions British Colonials

24. Aftermath The decisive result of the war meant that it was the last of the French and Indian Wars and thereby set the stage for the American Revolutionary War.