3. TYPES
Vit D defficiency rickets: Nutritional, GI
Vit D dependant rickets(VDDR)
I: 1 alpha hydroxylase deff : Vit D3 not formed
II: End organ resistance
Vit D resistant rickets (VDRR)
RTA: Prox & distal, Fanconi, Oncogenic, XLHR
Phosphorus loss due to lack of absorption and
increased secreation
Renal osteodystrophy
Renal parenchymal disorder (CKD)
Phosphorus retention, Reduced Vit D3 production
4.
5. NORMAL PHYSIOLOGY
Bone consists of protein matrix –osteoid
Mineral phase-calcium and phosphorus.
Intramembranous ossification-flat bones
mesenchymal cells differentiate into osteoblasts
Enchondral ossification –long tubular bones
Growing cartilage at the epiphyseal plates is
mineralized and resorbed and replaced by
osteoid matrix which undergoes mineralization to
create bone.
IN RICKETS MINERALISATION IS INHIBITED
AT THE ZONE OF PROVISIONAL
CALCIFICATION
6. C/F
•Irritability , profuse
sweating while asleep,
hypotonia,frequent
respiratory infections.,
Failure to thrive, Fits,
tetany.
•Delay in walking
•Frontal bossing (due to
excess osteoid),
Craniotabes ,Delayed
closure of anterior
fontanel, delayed
dentition
• Rachitic Rosery
Harrison’s sulcus,
Pigeon chest deformity
•Widening of wrists
and ankles ,Bending of
8. LITMUS BLUE TEST:
Urinary ph low in RTA
SULKOWITCH TEST:
(Glacial acetic acid + Oxalic acid + Ammonium
oxalate)
+ Distilled water + Equal vol urine -> calcium ppt
Weigh the calcium, reflects blood Calcium level
9. BIOCHEMICAL PROFILE
Ca P PTH ALP 25(OH)
Vit D
Vit D
Defficienc
y
N/Low N/Low Increase
d
Increase
d
Low Ur P-
low
Vit D
Dependa
nt
Low Low Increase
d
Increase
d
Normal
Vit D
resistant
N/Low Low Normal Increase
d
D3 –N
Ur P-
High
Renal
Osteodyst
rophy
N/Low Increase
d
Increase
d
Increase
d
Normal D3- low
10. MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
TYPES TREATMENT
Vit D deff 600000 IU/15000mcg IM/ 0.5 -2 mcg calcitriol/day
orally + 500 mg Ca
VDDR I 2-3mcg calcitriol / day orally + Ca
supplementation
VDDR II Poor prognosis
30 mcg calcitriol /day + Ca + Dihydrotachysterol
VDRR 2-3 mcg calcitriol/ day orally + Ca+
NaH2PO4/Na2HPO4
Correction of fluid electrolyte imbalance,
nutritional supplementation
Renal Osteodystrophy 1-2 mcg calcitriol/ day orally + Ca
Dialysis
11. Surgery is indicated for residual unacceptable
deformities
Hemiepiphysiodesis
Osteotomy
12. HEALING RICKETS
Zone of provisional
calcification becomes
denser
Epiphysis well defined
Width of physis
decreases
13. OSTEOMALACIA
Vit D defficiency in adults (<20ng/ml; 21-29:Insufficiency)
Aches and pains, muscle weakness loss of height, stress #s.
Nutritional, GI disorder, Drugs (phenytoin, Phenobarbitone), Renal
osteodystrophy
X ray: Osteopoenia, coarse trabeculae, Looser’s zone
Vit D supplementation regimen
50,000 IU of vitamin D2 or D3 once weekly for 8 weeks or
6000 IU/day of vitamin D2 or D3 for 8 weeks
When the serum 25(OH)D level exceeds 30 ng/mL, provide
maintenance treatment of 1500-2000 IU/day