3. Sources
1 Schools in Atlanta are being watched
because school officials believe there has been
cheating going on (teachers changing
answers after students leave the room)
2 Students in higher income states are doing
better on standardized tests while students
from lower income states are doing worse
4. 3 Educational reform is happening for three
reasons: because of the economy, to reduce
educational inequality, and to increase
assessment objectivity. The author concludes
current efforts to reform are useless because
they don’t work
5. 4 No Child Left Behind Act stresses testing to
see what students are learning and what
teachers are teaching. Funding for schools is
based on test performance. Test scores in
the Denver Metro Region are being used as
the sole basis for the relationship between
school characteristics and student performance
6. Use one source to critique another
Present reforms are so useless and ineffective
(source 3) that the system is turning against
itself with teachers being accused of changing
answers (source 1) and inequality rising
(maybe?) (source 2)
7. Use one source as a "lens" for
interpreting another
Because school characteristics are now solely
based on test scores (source 4), teachers are
being tempted, accused, pressured to have
classes with high test scores; therefore,
accusations of cheating are becoming more
prevalent (source 1)
8. Establish a connection between
sources that may seem unrelated
The economic pressures that are causing
educational reform (source 3) are affecting
higher income states less than lower income
states (source 2); giving students from higher
income states an added advantage on their
testing.
9. Examples
Research question
What factors influence the development process for gay
male youth?
10. Example of connecting two sources
In his qualitative exploration Charles Joseph Lattarulo found that gay male
youth have a difficult time with their identity development because they have to
balance their own expectations and self image with those of their parents,
peers and society at large. He then goes on to note that “according to Erikson
(1968), the resolution of the identity crisis is that the adolescent attains his or
her own expectation in addition to those of society, and that in the process he
or she finds sense of sameness and continuity of experience”(Lattarulo,2005).
Tellingator compliments this; she states that young men may
“compartmentalize” some of the feelings of rejection that they get from their
families and communities. She asserts, “Compartmentalizing may be a
conscious or unconscious mechanism that helps sexual minority adolescents
cope with rejection by family members, peers, communities, and religious
affiliations. They may fear harm or may already have been the target of
violence and emotional abuse”(Telingator, 2011).
11. Another example
If location plays a huge role in the identity development of sexual minority
young males, then the messages and culture of a college campus would have
similar effects on these young people as their communities would. A study
conducted by Richard Steven Jr., set out to confirm just that. His study found
that on a college campus one's sexual identity is complexly integrated and
often at odds with other aspects of the individual's identity (Stevens, 2004). The
study also stated that “one's sexual identity is complexly integrated and often at
odds with other aspects of the individual's identity”(Steven,2004). This
complicates what have been stated before about identity development process
within a community, because if those findings stated by the other experts were
true, then it would mean that being outside of one’s own cultural environment
can in turn slightly disturb the identity development process. This however also
means that this time in their lives can be influenced by the messages and
climate of the campus itself.
