2. HISTORY OF SURGERY
PREHISTORIC PERIOD:- Burr hole-Trepanning/ trephining- common in Britain,
France and Europe.
ANCIENT INDIA :- Hindu- excised tumours , drain abscesses, remove
foreign body, remove gall stones, stich wounds.
Known for Plastic Surgery.
BEFORE 2ND CENTURY :- Surgery was not considered as a part of medical
profession.
Surgeons were lower class and illiterate.
1540 :-Barber-surgeon company-union.
1745 :-company of surgeons of London.
1800 :-Royal college of surgeons.
1543 :-Andreas Vesalius- 1st surgeon anatomist
16th CENTURY :-Ambroise Pare- Father of Modern surgery
18th CENTURY :-John Hunter-Founder of surgical pathology
1880 :-Foundation of American Surgica Associations
19th CENTURY :-Discovery of Anaesthesia and Antisepsis
1914 :-American college of surgeons
1937 :-American Board of surgerywww.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
3. PURPOSES OF SURGERY
Diagnostic
Exploratory
Curative:-a) Ablative
b) Reconstructive
c) Constructive
Palliative
Restorative
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4. TYPES OF SURGERY
Major surgery
Minor surgery
TYPES ACCORDING TO URGENCY
Optional
Elective
Planned
Imperative or urgent
Emergency
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5. COMMON SURGICAL INCISIONS OF
ABDOMEN
Incision Site
Subcostal
Paramedian
Transverse
Rectus
McBurney
Pfannenstiel
Type of Surgery
Gall Bladder , Biliary tract
surgeries
Right side: Biliary tract, Gall
Bladder
Left side : Splenectomy,
Gastrectomy, Hiatal Hernia repair
Gastrectomy
Right Side: Appendectomy, small
bowel resection
Left Side : Sigmoid colon resection
Appendectomy
Gynaecologic surgery
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6. ORGANIZATION AND
PHYSICAL LAYOUT OF THE O.T.
Number of rooms required in the O.T. depends on:-
Number and length of the surgical procedures to be
performed.
Types and distribution by specialities of the surgical staff
and equipments for each
Proportion of inpatient and emergency surgical
procedures to ambulatory patient and minimal invasive
procedures.
Scheduling policies related to the number of hours/day
and days /week the suite will be in the use and staffing
needs.
Systems and procedures established for the efficient flow
of patients, personnel, and supplies.
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7. PRINCIPLES IN PLANNING THE
PHYSICAL LAYOUT OF AN
OPERATION ROOM
Exclusion of contamination from outside
the suite with sensible traffic pattern
within the suite.
Separation of clean areas from
contaminated areas within the suite.
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8. OPERATION ROOM SIZE:-
Minimum:- 20 20 10 feet( 400sq feet or
approximately 37m² )floor space;
Maximum:-20 30 10 feet (600 sq feet or
approximately 60m²
If Portable equipments are required then
minimum floor space 22 22 10 feet(484 sq
feet approximately 45m²)
if cardiopulmonary bypass machine required then
600 sq feet or 60m² floor space
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9. PERIOPERATIVE PATIENT CARE
PREOPERATIVE PHASE:
From the time the decision is made for surgical
intervention to the transference of the patient to
the operating room.
INTRAOPERATIVE PHASE:
From the time the patient is received in the
operating room until he is admitted to the
recovery room.
POST OPERATIVE PHASE:
From the time of admission to the recovery
room to the follow up in home/ clinic for
evaluation.
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