The document summarizes research on the global impact of women out-earning men on partnering and marriage patterns. Key points include: - In many countries, women are increasingly achieving higher levels of education and income compared to men. - This "gender flip" is leading to declines in traditional marriage and partnering norms like hypergamy. Women are more willing to marry less educated or lower earning men. - In countries like Japan and South Korea, many highly educated women struggle to find partners of equal status and remain single, contributing to low fertility rates. - Globalization is affecting marriage through trends like "mail order brides" and women migrating for partnering opportunities. - Independent women have more sexual

1. The Global Impact of
the Gender Flip on
Partnering Patterns
Leanna Wolfe, PhD
4th International Conference on the Future of Monogamy and Non-Monogamy
February 14, 2015

2. Considerations:
• Increasing numbers of women in Europe, the America’s and
Asia are out-earning men
• Marriage and partnering patterns have been and will continue
to be affected
• Male/Female Eroticism is up for grabs

3. Economics of the Gender Flip
• 29% of American wives out-earn their husbands
• By 2050 71% more college educated women than men
• Similar patterns for South Korea, Japan, Singapore, Philippines,
France, Chile, Ireland, Canada, Belgium and Norway
• Hypergamy (women marrying up) is declining in the Western
world
• Marrying down more common in much of the Americas and
Western Europe
• 66% of births to single mothers in Iceland
• 50% in Sweden
• Not regarded as a social problem as in the U.S.

4. Asian Women
• High incidence of early 30s women are single and unlikely to
marry
• 32% Japan
• 37% Taiwan
• 25% Hong Kong
• Fertility rates at an all-time low
• Taboo against unmarried childbearing
• Asian women do want to marry, but…
• Seek to marry men at their level or higher
• High earning men prefer younger non-professional wives
• Well-educated high earning women are out-migrating to Europe
and the Americas

5. Globalization of Marriage
• Mail Order Brides
• South Korea
• Importation of Thai and Vietnamese women
• American men in Thailand
• Sex Vacations
• Marriage
• Spain
• Importation of rural Latin American women
• Spanish women marrying N. European men

6. Women with Money…
• Partnering Patterns Shifting
• Monogamy Questioned
• Heteronormative Marriage Optional
• Polyamory
• Poly Singles with Independent Lives
• Queen Bees
• Sex for Pleasure
• Casual Sex
• Sex parties, hook-ups
• Sex Vacations
• Caribbean Beach Boys
• Yellow Cabs
• Kink Sexualities
• Lesbian and Bisexualities

7. Male Fall Out…
• Independent Women No Longer Need Men for:
• Provisioning
• Insemination
• Protection
• No Need to Sort Out Cads from Lads
• Peter Pans
• Househusbands

8. The Uncomfortable Relationship
Between Sex and Money
• Victorian Sexual Expressions
• Provider Husband with Compliant Wife
• 1970s Divorce Wave
• Prostitution
• Gigolos
• Dating…

9. Gone with the Wind…

10. Henpecked Men

11. The 1960s

12. 1970s

13. 1980s

14. 1990s

15. 2000s

16. Fifty Shades of Grey

17. What’s Being Traded Today?
• What turns on today’s women?
• Confident Men
• What turns on today’s men??
• Compliant Women?
• Independent Women?
• Internet Porn?