1. Manchester “Original: Modern”
300 years of the machinations of
‘Manchester men’
Cities and Society
Nicola Headlam
December 8th 2011

2. Lecture Structure
• Introduction
• Manchester : Original Modern
• Industrial Philanthro-Capitalism
• Post-Industrial Philanthro-Capitalism
• What next?

7. Processes – Definitions?
• Reification
• Philanthro-capitalism
• Gentrification
• Industrial and Post Industrial
• Civic
• Urbis
• Agora

8. civic
civic
adj of or relating to a city,
citizens, or citizenship
civic duties
(C16: from Latin civicus, from
civis citizen)
♦ civically adv
civic centre
n (Brit) the public buildings of a
town, including recreational facilities
and offices of local administration
civic university
n (in Britain) a university
originally instituted as a higher
education college serving a
particular city

9. urbis
• The Latin Phrase Urbs Urbis has many
meanings, mainly: city

10. agora
agora1n pl -rae [-riː -raɪ](Historical
Terms) (often capital)a. the marketplace in
Athens, used for popular meetings, or any
similar place of assembly in ancient
Greece
b. the meeting itself[from Greek,
from agorein to gather]

15. Post-industrial
Daniel Bell ‘The coming of the Post-Industrial
Society’
"knowledge and information are becoming
the strategic resource and transforming
agent of post-industrial society just as the
combination of energy, resources and
machine technology were the transforming
agencies of industrial society" (Bell, 1974)

17. Knowledge Economy
Extension of the post-industrial argument
Economy focussed on exchange of goods and
services
Think about…
Planning for no commuters, home-working, vide-
conferencing, death of distance because the nature
and location of work is in flux.

18. Post-fordist
• Another economic argument.
• Rooted in a mode of production.
• Ford Motor Cars
• assembly lines
Think about…
Planning for consumption rather than production
(ie shopping rather than assembly lines)

27. Books
• Managing the city: the aims and
impacts of urban policy
Brian Turnbull Robson 1987
• Managing the city
eds Liddle, Diamond, Southern 2007
• City of Revolution eds Ward and Peck
• How Manchester is managed 1925-1939

28. Stories of “Mancunian ways”
• Mancunian Ways : the politics of regeneration
Robson (Chapter 3 City of Revolution)
• Metropolitan Manoeuvres : making greater
Manchester Deas and Ward (Chapter City of
Revolution)
• Greater Manchester – ‘up and going’, 2000
Hebbert and Deas
• Greater Manchester : conurbation complexity and
local government structure Barlow, 1995
• Manchester: Making it Happen Hebbert, 2009

29. Think tanks: Manchester
• Work Foundation : Ideopolis
• Localis : Can Localism Deliver? Lessons from
Manchester
• Policy Exchange : Cities Limited
• NESTA : Original Modern : Manchester’s
journey to innovation and growth
City publications

30. Central-Local Policy
Network
Congested terrain!

31. What is Manchester?
• Political
• Economic
• Statistical
• Administrative
• Cultural (music and sport)
Construction
A Brand?

32. Industrial Era Civic
Philanthro capitalism
Key Actors
• Humphry Chetham
• John Rylands
• Richard Arkwright
• Joseph Whitworth
• John Owens
• Duke of Bridgewater

34. Vanity projects?
• Knowledge: University, Libraries
• Culture : Halle Orchestra / Lit & Phil Society
• Infra-structure : Town Hall / Canals (!)

37. (Post-industrial) regeneration era
philanthro-capitalists
Key Actors
• Tom Bloxham (Urban Splash)
• Peter Saville
• Anthony Wilson

39. Vanity Projects
• Knowledge : Urbis
• Culture : Manchester International Festival
• Infra-structure?? Housing/Regen??

53. • Millenium Communities progress unclear
• Communities minister Ian Austin has confirmed that no long-term
evaluation of the Millennium Communities programme will be
made before its completion in 2012.In a written answer to shadow
communities minister Robert Neill, Mr Austin said the Homes &
Communities Agency is responsible for delivering the bulk of the
programme and DCLG scrutinizes its performance.“The Millennium
Communities is an active programme that is demonstrating how
mixed-use, environmentally positive communities can be created
on difficult, brownfield sites,” he said.
• “It will continue to deliver outputs up to at least 2012. An
evaluation of the longer-term outcomes and cost-effectiveness of
the Millennium Communities programme would be expected to be
undertaken following its completion.”

55. City Centre
• Iconic Architecture

64. What is regeneration?
• “’Regeneration seems to offer an almost infinitely
inclusive canopy under which all may be persuaded
to shelter and find agreement, yet vital issues
remain beyond the pale” (Furbey 1999) pg 440
• “…so urban regeneration is in principle a floating
signifier but in practice it does not float very far. It is
ubiquitously used to a fairly standard set of policy
goals and outcomes ”(Lovering 2007) pg 344

65. HO PSA Delivery
PSA PSA PSA 2 (Joint PSA PSA PSA PSA
5 3 OCJR) 1 4 7 6
IND NOMS OCJR CRCSG Communities N
A
T
I
O
Policing Policing Crime N
NASS Prisons Probation CJS ASB Drugs CCU, REU, F ACD
Policy Standards Reduction A
L
Prisons Probation
HMIC R
Inspectorate Inspectorate
E
Individual Regional Offices
GOEM G
I
(43Staff)
5 Police Forces; 9 DATs; O
40 CDRPs; 49 Local Auth’s N
A
L
One City
Police Partnership CJIP
LCJB CDRP NDC DAT
Authority (LSP) Compact
L
O
Notts Police Probation C
CPS Courts HMP A
Service L
Nottingham
Voluntary & Community Sector
Nott BCU YOT City Council
9 Area Committees

66. drivers and levers
• Change mechanisms = interactions between
relevant policy drivers and levers.
• Policy drivers = the general aims of government
in specific policy areas
• Policy levers = are the instruments available to
government to effect change in public policy and
services.

67. drivers and levers :
theory of change
Selection of policy drivers and levers is informed
by the interaction of actors exercising political
judgement about priorities. As governance
systems rely on human interactions attempts
at steering are likely to be met with
unexpected and unintended though not
necessarily unwelcome reactions and
outcomes. (CLG, Sullivan 2008)

69. Manchester’s
Local Area Agreement
2008/09 – 2010/11
Powerpoint presentation

70. Manchester’s LAA
• It’s a three-year plan to deliver our Community Strategy
• It drives partners to achieve targets related to our priorities
• It stimulates innovation
• It builds accountability and stronger relationships
• It forms a constructive relationship with the Government

71. Partnership structure ‘Team Manchester’

72. Delivering change

73. Measuring Success: State of the City

74. Think tanks re: recession
• LGA from recession to recovery: the local
dimension
• CLES toward a new wave of local economic
activism
• Work Foundation: Recession and Recovery:
How UK cities can respond and drive the
recovery

75. Ideopolis - Work Foundation

76.
Barcelona Principles – The Work Foundation
i. Don’t waste the crisis, but respond with leadership and purpose.
ii. Make the case for continued public investment and public services and the
taxes and other sources of investment required.
iii. In the long-term: build local economic strategies which align with long-term
drivers and identify future sources of jobs, enterprise, and innovation.
iv. In the short-term: focus on retaining productive people, business, incomes,
jobs, and investment projects.
v. Build the tools and approaches to attract and retain external investment over
the long-term.
vi. Build genuine long-term relationships with the private sector, trade unions,
and other key partners.
vii. Take steps to ensure the sustainability and productivity of public works,
infrastructure, and major developments/events.
viii Local leaders should act purposefully to support their citizens in the face of
increased hardship.
ix. Local economies have benefitted and should continue to benefit from being
open and attractive to international populations and capital.
x. Communicate and align with national and other higher tier governments.

77. Role of localities in the recession :
political considerations

79. The manchester case
• What are the features of the local governance partnership
architecture in the Greater Manchester city region?
• How are existing institutions connected?
• What are the connections back to National policy agendas?
• What other international models are in play?
• Is it unique in the UK? If so in what way?
• Are the movers and shakers “the good guys”?
Contention; there is something about manchester ;
confidence, autonomy, stability, leadership, assertive
bargaining stance with the centre (bombast?) (Robson -
Mancunian Ways)
“we use the bits of the SNR which fit our agenda and throw
out the bits that don’t”

80. Features of political landscape in manchester city region
• Helpful in explaining why confident city-regional
governance may flourish in Greater Manchester
• Straightforward, horse-trading politics of this…
• Traditional Labour authorities (leader of Wigan/AGMA since
1984)
• Entrepreneurial authorities (Manchester/Salford)
• Lib-Dem oppositional authorities
• Role of non-Executive Cllrs
• Role of communities/3rd Sector
• MPs many with LG background
“we always had better discussions around policy within Labour
Group than we do in the PLP…you have to work out how to
be effective as an MP whereas in the council your authority
is far more direct and tangible”

81. what have they created?
• Using an MAA bidding process (first in the
queue)
• Building on AGMA, radically reformed
• Incorporating TIF
• Linking through to LAA structures
• Stretching democratic mandate (!)
• Working with business leaders (6/7)
A “Commission” model (QMV, delegated
authority comparable to EU commission)
• 7 City Regional Thematic Commissions
• Economic one central and fully formed
others immanent (?!)
Compare and contrast with readiness in other
MAA areas ?

82. Organigramme I ; the MAA
Public Housing
Transport Improvement Health Economy Environment
Protection & Planning

83. • Interactions between separate tiers
• MAA self organising autonomous
governance network
• LAA statutory output based
performance framework

84. How Manchester is managed, 1935
Regional Planning : The most effective planning
scheme is one which is comprehensive in
character and not limited by the artificial
boundary of a local authority’s area. It’s
success depends upon (1) securing an area
capable of economic development (2) effective
joint action with neighbouring authorities

85. City regional bodies

92. City Relationships:
Economic linkages in Northern city regions

98. Different types of networks

99. AGMA

100. SNA Greater Manchester MAA-LAA
(accountabilty)

101. SNA with local government
decentred

103. Summary : Urban Policy
Urban Policy “Laboratory” fast moving and
complex
policy areas dynamic and in tension
Regeneration and economic development
Local Government Modernisation
Performance Management and Measurement

104. Summary : Policy mechanisms
• Underlying logics re: fragmentation and
strategic oversight in tension with democratic
accountability, political oversight show up in
various mechanisms
• PSA regime (National)
• MAA/EPB/SCR (City Regional)
• LAA (Locality plus)

105. Summary : Recession
• Recession offers new challenges for city and
locality leaders
• Barcelona Principles could underpin responses
• As could increased sub-national working

106. Summary : Manchester
• Manchester Governance is an atypical case
• Current city regional interest builds on
longstanding partnership activity
• Greater Manchester City Region and the roles
of Manchester Enterprises, the Commission
and AGMA have changed rapidly

109. MONDAY, 24 OCTOBER 2011
KIO Launch new creative company!!!
KIO-CREATIVE have just completed a branding, signage and lighting scheme in the new
Avenue/North development in Spinningfields Manchester. The project is now completed
and
the new mall that links Bridge Street to The Avenue shopping destination is due to open
Thursday 27th October. This mixed use development offers food, leisure and office space.
The food and retail units run along the lower level mall and the offices occupy the space
above in the tower. This iconic Spinninfields building formally known as 'Manchester House'
has now been named 'TOWER 12' , and we think that the name change is as iconic as the
building!
The Avenue/North TOWER12 new signage and lighting installation works really well with the
new Oast House in Spinningfields, designed and development by Paul Danson Imagineering
and Allied london Properties. The rusty steel, illuminated branding, new glass facade and
wooden slatted interior all complement each other and bring a different feel to
Spinningfields.
Architects Sheppard Robson and KIO-CREATIVE have delivered a solution that brings the
building into its new developed surrounding environment of Spinningfields.

110. The Great Neighbourhood Award 2011
Sponsored by Ptarmigan Land
Cathedral Quarter, Belfast
Northern Quarter, Manchester (WINNER)
Pollokshields, Glasgow