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Dr. Shamanthakamani Narendran  M.D. (Pead), Ph.D. (Yoga Science) The Gynecological Visit and Exam
The medical specialty concerned with diseases of the female genital tract, as well as endocrinology and reproductive physiology of the female  is a gynecologist gyn-, gyne-, gyneco-, gyno-  means FEMALE
Gynecology is health care for women. It helps to  take good care of sexual and reproductive health. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Good gynecological care is the key to good health   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Frequent checkups ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Visit clinician if any ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Medical History Before examine, patient will be asked to fill out a questionnaire. It will include some of these questions: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Patient will be asked about history of allergies, illnesses, pregnancy, risks for sexually transmitted infections, and surgery; may be asked about lifestyle, like smoking, drinking alcohol or use other drugs; finally may also be asked if she is having problems on holding urine.
The Breast Exam   Patient will change into an examination gown or be covered with a drape sheet. Some clinicians provide both. Clinician will examine the breasts for lumps, thickening, irregularities, and discharge. Many talk about the health history during the breast exam.
Breast lumps are often discovered by a woman or her sex partner. Changes noticed in the breasts since last exam, if any. Should become familiar with the way breasts normally look and feel. That way patient will be more likely to notice any changes.
Some women use breast self-exams (BSEs) to get to know their breasts. The best time for a BSE is one week after the period, when breasts are not swollen or tender. Lumps are also noticed during day-to-day activities such as showering or sex play. Most lumps are not cancerous. But report anything unusual to the clinician as soon as possible.
Self-Breast Exam
Four-Step Breast Self-Exam   Stand up and place one hand behind head. Hold the fingers of the other hand flat. Gently touch every part of the breast below the raised arm. Feel for lumps, bumps, or thickening. Now do the other breast.   Stand in front of a mirror. Place  hands on hips. Inspect each breast for changes in size, shape, and form. Do it again with arms raised above the  head   In front of the mirror
Lie back with a pillow or folded towel under right shoulder. Place right hand behind the head. Examine  every part of the breast with the fingers of the left hand held flat. Gently press in small circles. Start at the top outermost edge and spiral in to the nipple. Feel for lumps, bumps, or thickening. Now do the other breast. Be sure to follow a consistent pattern.   On the bed
Use one of the following patterns:  Do not miss any part of the breast.
Rest the arm on a firm surface like the top of a bookshelf. Examine the underarm. Feel for lumps, bumps, or thickening in the same way. Now do the other underarm.
MAMMOGRAPHY
MAMMOGRAPHY ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
LIMITATIONS OF MAMMOGRAPHY   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
BENEFITS OF MAMMOGRAPHY   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
EFFECT ON INCIDENCE OF SURGERY   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
PAPANICOLAOU SMEAR TEST A Pap smear is a test – doctor does to check for signs of cancer of the cervix. The cervix is part of the uterus (womb). During a Pap smear, doctor takes a sample of cells from the cervix to be tested.
THE PELVIC EXAM   ,[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
How to feel less tense during exam ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Sexual Abuse and Other Concerns   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Usually, the exam lasts just a few minutes.  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Step 1. The External Genital Exam  ,[object Object]
Step 2. The Speculum Exam   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Pap tests can detect   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Interpreting Pap Tests   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
If any abnormal results, clinician will advise a follow-up care:   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Remember ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Step 3. The Bimanual Exam   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Step 4. Rectovaginal Exam  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
OTHER PROCEDURES   ,[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
After the Exam   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Remember — for good health   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Good health is a matter of teamwork — patient and the clinician working together and maintaining good communication.
 
UTERINE FIBROIDS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS When signs and symptoms of uterine fibroids are present, the most common include:  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
CAUSES ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Fibroid location
RISK FACTORS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
SCREENING AND DIAGNOSIS ,[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Pelvic Exam
[object Object],[object Object],Imaging studies:
Hysterosonography
Hysterosalpingography
Hysteroscopy
[object Object],[object Object]
TREATMENT ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Tubal Sterilization ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
PROCEDURE   ,[object Object],[object Object]
Will sterilization hurt? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
RISKS  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
FEMALE STERILIZATION TECHNIQUE   Pomeroy method  Laparoscopic  cauterization  Laparoscopic banding,  clamping or clipping  Spring Clips  Filschie clip
Thank You

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Gynecological Exam and Investigations.ppt

  • 1. Dr. Shamanthakamani Narendran M.D. (Pead), Ph.D. (Yoga Science) The Gynecological Visit and Exam
  • 2. The medical specialty concerned with diseases of the female genital tract, as well as endocrinology and reproductive physiology of the female is a gynecologist gyn-, gyne-, gyneco-, gyno- means FEMALE
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10. The Breast Exam Patient will change into an examination gown or be covered with a drape sheet. Some clinicians provide both. Clinician will examine the breasts for lumps, thickening, irregularities, and discharge. Many talk about the health history during the breast exam.
  • 11. Breast lumps are often discovered by a woman or her sex partner. Changes noticed in the breasts since last exam, if any. Should become familiar with the way breasts normally look and feel. That way patient will be more likely to notice any changes.
  • 12. Some women use breast self-exams (BSEs) to get to know their breasts. The best time for a BSE is one week after the period, when breasts are not swollen or tender. Lumps are also noticed during day-to-day activities such as showering or sex play. Most lumps are not cancerous. But report anything unusual to the clinician as soon as possible.
  • 14. Four-Step Breast Self-Exam Stand up and place one hand behind head. Hold the fingers of the other hand flat. Gently touch every part of the breast below the raised arm. Feel for lumps, bumps, or thickening. Now do the other breast. Stand in front of a mirror. Place hands on hips. Inspect each breast for changes in size, shape, and form. Do it again with arms raised above the head In front of the mirror
  • 15. Lie back with a pillow or folded towel under right shoulder. Place right hand behind the head. Examine every part of the breast with the fingers of the left hand held flat. Gently press in small circles. Start at the top outermost edge and spiral in to the nipple. Feel for lumps, bumps, or thickening. Now do the other breast. Be sure to follow a consistent pattern. On the bed
  • 16. Use one of the following patterns: Do not miss any part of the breast.
  • 17. Rest the arm on a firm surface like the top of a bookshelf. Examine the underarm. Feel for lumps, bumps, or thickening in the same way. Now do the other underarm.
  • 19.
  • 20.
  • 21.
  • 22.
  • 23.
  • 24.
  • 25. PAPANICOLAOU SMEAR TEST A Pap smear is a test – doctor does to check for signs of cancer of the cervix. The cervix is part of the uterus (womb). During a Pap smear, doctor takes a sample of cells from the cervix to be tested.
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  • 78.  
  • 79.
  • 80.
  • 81.
  • 82.
  • 83.
  • 84.
  • 85.
  • 86.
  • 87. FEMALE STERILIZATION TECHNIQUE Pomeroy method Laparoscopic cauterization Laparoscopic banding, clamping or clipping Spring Clips Filschie clip