The lecture has been given on May 21st, 2011 by Dr. Asso Fariadoon Ali Amin.

1. Understanding Dementia Dr Asso Fariadoon Ali Amin MRCP(UK)

6. Prevalence of the forms of dementia Cause Percentage Alzheimer’s disease 55% Vascular dementia 20% Dementia with Lewy Bodies 15% Frontotemporal dementia 5% Rarer causes (all) 5%

21. Differential Diagnosis Causes of memory problems / confusion that are not dementia Delirium Depression ‘pseudo-dementia’ Mild cognitive impairment or benign cognitive impairment of aging Learning difficulties Previous brain injury

22. Memory Complaints in Aging, Depression & Dementia Aging Depression Dementia Complaint May report a mild or subtle memory problem More likely to complain about their memory Expresses variable, non-specific memory problems or may be unaware Functional Interference No interference with daily functioning Minimal interference- functional problems more likely due to mood disorder Clearly interferes with daily functioning: missing appointments, unpaid bills, medication compliance Cognitive Status Onset of problem unclear. Cognition is normal on testing Onset may be reported as sudden, subtle deficits on testing only Gradual onset & progression Cognition impaired on testing Mood Not associated with depression or anxiety Associated with a depressed or anxious mood May be associated with fluctuating or blunted affect

28. DaTSCAN in DLB Normal DaTSCAN DaTSCAN in PD & DLB – Decreased dopaminergic neurones in the striatal area

44. Thank you for listening