Nov. 29th, 2011

1. Renal stones endoscopic management Dr sarwar noori mahmood F.I.C.MS(urology), F.E.B.U

4. Natural history of renal stones

6. Spontaneous clearance of stones takes place ONLY WHEN— 1.There is good flow of urine/function on the affected side & 2.There is no distal obstruction

8. Treatment of Renal Stones

9. ESWL

10. Generation of shock wave

11. T H E M A G I C W O R D--- LITHOTRIPSY EXTRA CORPOREAL SHOCK WAVE LITHOTRIPSY WHAT ARE SHOCK WAVES?

14. There should be a limited amount of gravel , which is expected to be passed out spontaneously within reasonable time limit , without causing much discomfort/colics .

15. IDEAL SITUATION FOR SUCCESSFUL E.S.W.L. Renal calculus of less than 2 cm having hetrogenous calcification/ architecture In X- ray , in a well functioning renal unit with no distal obstruction

19. Percutaneous nephrolithomy PCNL The key-hole surgery

21. FUCTIONAL ANATOMY OF KIDNEY FOR PERCUTANEOUS TECHNIQUE 1. VASCULAR 2. CALYCEAL 3. ANATOMIC RELATION

23. PERCUTANEOUS RENAL SURGERY PRE – OP WORK UP Urine culture Renal function test Haematological profile Caogulation profile KUB and IVU US .

50. Double-J stent and nephrostomy tube placement,Tubeless PCNL NOT common

53. PERCUTANEOUS RENAL SURGERY COMPLICATIONS 1. RENAL PELVIC PERFORATION 2. HAEMORRHAGE 3. INJURY ADJACENT ORGANS 4. UROSEPSIS 5. FLUID ABSORPTION 6. AV MALFORMATION

55. Ureteric stone

61. RENAL STONES

62. Nephrolithotomy