this is about tense....

1. Present Perfect Tense
The autumn
has already
arrived
How do you
know?

2. Present Perfect Tense
FORM: have / has + past participle
Affirmative: I have seen the film before.
She has seen the film before.
Interrogative: Have you seen the film before?
Has she seen the film before?
Negative: They haven’t seen the film before.
He hasn’t seen the film before.

3. Present Perfect Tense
Uses of the present perfect
1- Recent events: It is used to describe recent events
without a definite time. The idea of time or place in
the speaker’s mind makes the event recent. A time
expression may emphasize recentness: just,
recently, lately
Why are they so happy?
They have just won a prize so
they are really pleased

4. Present Perfect Tense
2- Personal experiences: It is used to express
personal experiences, there is not a definite time
given. The time expressions ever and never are very
often used with this meaning
I have never been to Japan.
Have you ever been there?

5. Present Perfect Tense
3- It is used to express actions that started in the past
and continue to the present, the time period is not
finished. We use for and since with this meaning. We
use for with periods of time and since with points of
time.
I haven’t eaten since yesterday
morning. I am really hungry
I haven’t drunk anything for
two days. I am terribly thirsty

6. Contrast between Present
Perfect and Past Simple
We use definite expressions with the Past simple
tense: yesterday, last week, … ago etc, while we
don’t use definite time expressions with the Present
perfect tense.
I have been to France three times
When did you go there last?
I went there last Summer

7. Contrast between Present
Perfect and Past Simple
 Gerald has bought a new car. He bought it last
week.
 Have you met Ray? – Yes, I met him when we
were students.
 My parents have been to India. In fact, they
went there twice last year.
 Has anybody phoned me? – Yes, Joyce
phoned an hour ago.
 I’ve seen that man before. – Really? When did
you see him?

8. Present Perfect Tense
Have you ever listened to
classical music before?
Where did you hear it?

9. Present Perfect Tense
Have you walked along a
riverside similar to the one on
the photograph?
When did you do it?

10. Note the difference
• He has been to London. 
Now he is here. He can
tell you wonderful stories
about London.
• He has been in London
for two weeks.  He is still
in London.
• Where’s Peter? He has
gone to London.  He is in
Italy or on his way to
London.