12. people, not in words
meanings are in
You are the
communicator
13. Use words to create desired meanings
in your receiver
Words can be interpreted differently
by different people.
Meanings do not inhabit words,
they are set by the individual who
perceives the word
Task as communicators:
14. Diversity of Meanings
in words
Did you know that “set” is
word with the most
number of meanings?
Noun: 58
Verb: 126
Adjective: 10
Dr. Lllia Antonio says that
“labas” has 74 different
meanings
15. Because of this, you must
not only consider your
interpretation of the word,
but also the meaning the
communicator is trying to
get through
16. • Meanings are created
in the minds of the
people
• Must be shared to
facilitate
understanding
Meanings
18. Some reasons for the growth and decline
of language:
• Changing societal needs
• Erosion of old customs
• Call for elegance
DynamicStaticWords: Meanings:
Some meanings of old words are
different from their meanings today
20. To be or not to be; That is the question
Whether ‘tis nobler in the mind to suffer
The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune,
Or to take arms against a sea of troubles,
And by opposing end them?
William Shakespeare’s Hamlet
21. Well, frankly, the problem as I see it
At this moment in times whether I
Should just lie down under all this hassle
And let them walk all over me.
Or whether I should just say OK
I get the message and do myself in.
Prince Charles’ modern version
22. New situations create new meanings
• Biased, Sexist, or narrow-minded terms are
removed
• Place can affect how the listener processes the
words
• Communicators should be aware on how these
difference affect the word’s meaning
Language is a function of culture
24. 1.denotation - literal, precise, dictionary meaning
2. connotation -subjective, figurative, and variable
meaning
3.structural - dependent on the total arrangement
and sequence of words
4.contextual - linguistic and nonlinguistic factors
surrounding the words
5. sound - derived from the way the words are
spoken
Types of meanings
28. • Correctness
Grammar
Syntax
• Accuracy
• Precise word choice
Know the meaning that is being conveyed
Use a dictionary or thesaurus
Avoid/limit using “all-purpose words”, abstract words,
and exaggerations
29. • Simplicity
Avoid verbosity or wordiness
Short and simple sentence construction
Avoid tautology and redundancy
• Understandability
Define terms
Avoid using technical jargons
Avoid using slang
Carefully use foreign words
31. A speaker in such circumstances should
have a speech that is instantly intelligible.
Simple words should be used to enable your
audience to comprehend quickly, and easily.
32. Blankenship suggest that the language used
must be oral in style
Suggestions to achieve oral style:
1. Use shorter words, replacing polysyllabic words.
2. Use personal pronouns
3. Use contradictions that are abbreviated
4. Use shorter sentence length.
5. Use simple but graphic words.
33. 6. Use direct and rhetorical questions.
7. Employ idiomatic expressions.
8. Use the active voice rather than the passive voice.
9. More repetitions and restatements must be used.
10.Confront your audience, and refer to them more
directly.
Suggestions to achieve oral style:
35. 1.EOL is appropriate to your audience.
ADAPT TO YOUR AUDIENCE.
a.Consider their needs, attitudes, interests, knowledge
b.Use words that they’ll understand
c.Audience analysis helps determine whether your
speech is informal or formal.
d.What comprises the age of your audience may affect
your language.
e.Be considerate of both your audience and the people
you talk about
f. Never use obscene language.
36. 2. EOL is appropriate to the occasion. Measure
the degree of formality of the speech occasion
because situation and circumstances affect your
language style.
3. EOL must be appropriate to the speech
purpose. Shifting to a more appropriate language
style according to your purpose is the key.
37. 4. EOL is appropriate to the speaker.
BE CAREFUL WITH YOUR CHOICE OF WORDS
The words you choose reflect your character
and attitude, as well as the background you
had. But use words you’re comfortable with
50. LANGUAGE
Language is an integral part of
culture and society.
It is the system of symbols human
beings utilize in the construction of
verbal messages
62. 6
Multiple Choice.
Which among the statements is false
a. Both words and language are
dynamic
b. Language is a function of culture
c. Meanings are created in the
minds of the people
d. None of the above