Please see blog http://blog.eComm.ec

2. Wi-Fi Sub 1 GHz Range
 3 times the range

3. Wi-Fi Sub 1 GHz Range
10 times the
coverage

4. Wi-Fi Sub 1 GHz Rate
Up to One tenth
the speed
1/54, 1/40, 1/30, 1/20, . . . 1/10

5. All the radios we carry will follow our
authority and policy
 NFC/FM/TVWS/3G/4G/Bluetooth/Wi-Fi/60 GHz

6. The angel is in the details
 Unlicensed Spectrum
 Dynamic Spectrum Access
 802.11 Radios
 802.11 Radio Timeline Comparisons
 Wi-Fi Alliance

7. Marginal Flexibility of Spectrum per POP
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3 Exclusive Use*
0.2 Unlicensed
0.1
0
57 240 570 2.4 3 GHz 5.7 24 57
MHz MHz MHz GHz 10 cm GHz GHz GHz
5.2m 1.25 52 cm 12.5 5.2 1.25 5.2
m cm cm cm mm
Highest Value Use of Spectrum, Citizens Guide to the Airwaves
* http://wireless.fcc.gov/auctions/default.htm?job=auction_summary&id=73

8. FCC TV White Spaces Spectral Mask
Acknowledge Tevfik Yucek, Qualcomm-Atheros -72.78 dB means less than 1/18,967,059 of peak power

9. White Space spectrum in the USA?
 FCC consolidated TVWS rules
https://mentor.ieee.org/802.11/dcn/11/11-11-0067-01-
00af-fcc-tvws-orders-jan-11-consolidated-text.pdf
 FCC terminology
https://mentor.ieee.org/802.11/dcn/11/11-11-0175-02-
00af-fcc-tvws-terminology.ppt
 Showmywhitespace.com 1800 Old Bayshore Highway, Burlingame, California
http://spectrumbridge.com/whitespaces.aspx
 US Metro white space
https://mentor.ieee.org/802.11/dcn/11/11-11-0499-02-
00af-us-metro-mhzpops.xls

10. 5 GHz license-exempt spectrum details
China
2 W EIRP
India
Campus/Indoor 200 mW EIRP Campus/Indoor 200 mW EIRP
Japan
Indoor 200 mW EIRP Outdoor 1 W EIRP
5.725 5.875
USA/
Indoor DSRC
Canada
Outdoor 1 W EIRP
5.470 5.725 4 W EIRP
Europe
Indoor 200 mW EIRP Outdoor 1W EIRP 2 W EIRP/ DFS&TPC
5.100 5.200 5.300 5.400 5.500 5.600 5.700 5.800 5.900
DFS & TPC DFS & TPC required world
wide
 Showing Aeronautical, Maritime Radiolocation and DSRC

11. VHT60 11ad 60 GHz Channelization
Channel Lower Freq. Center Upper Freq. Nyquist Channel
Number (GHz) Freq. (GHz) BW Spacing
(GHz) (MHz) (MHz)
1 57.240 58.320 59.400 1760 2160
2 59.400 60.480 61.560 1760 2160
3 61.560 62.640 63.720 1760 2160
4 63.720 64.800 65.880 1760 2160
Acknowledge Brian Hart, Cisco

12. VHT<6 11ac Making 11n Go Faster
Data Bits per Subcarrier
256QAM@r5/6
64QAM@r5/6
40MHz 80MHz 160MHz
Bandwidth
11n AP
4
11ac AP
8
#Spatial Streams
Acknowledge Brian Hart, Cisco

13. Important VHT<6 11ac Numbers
 For battery-powered APs and clients, only the yellow row is mandatory
 Gigabit rates for some product configurations (orange rows)
PHY PHY
BW #Spat MCS MAC thruput BW #Spat MCS MAC thruput
rate rate
(MHz) Strm (QAMr5/6) (Mbps)* (MHz) Strm (QAMr5/6) (Mbps)*
(Mbps) (Mbps)
40 3 64 450 315 40 4 64 600 420
80 1 64 325 227 160 1 64 650 455
80 1 256 433 303 160 1 256 867 607
80 2 64 650 455 160 2 64 1300 910
80 2 256 867 607 160 2 256 1733 1213
80 3 64 975 683 160 3 64 1950 1365
80 3 256 1300 910 160 3 256 2600 1820
80 4 64 1300 910 160 4 64 2600 1820
80 4 256 1733 1213 160 4 256 3467 2427
80 8 256 3467 2427 160 8 256 6933 4853
*Assuming 70% efficiency
Acknowledge Brian Hart, Cisco

14. VHT 802.11ac / ad Use cases and Market Drivers
4.5
4.0 Wireless
Docking Station
3.5
Uncompressed/
Lossless Video
3.0
Rate (Gbps)
2.5 Ultra Fast
Synch & Go
2.0
1.5 Lightly Compressed
Display
Super High
Speed WLAN
1.0
Whole Home AV
Distribution
0.5
0
In Room Whole ;-) Building Coverage
Acknowledge Brian Hart, Cisco

15. VHT<6 11ac Higher Rate at Range / Robustness
MAC thruput
@70% efficiency Watt/
hours
1750
1400
1050
2ndGen Home APs
700
350
0
8m 18m 58m

16. 11af Spectrum is both TV white space
and other bands
 Goal – While geographic sharing of spectrum is well-
established, we are only just now seeing the
emergence of technologies that enable “dynamic”
sharing – that is, the ability to identify slices of spectrum
that are available at that location, whether for a few
seconds, a few minutes, a few hours, or a few
days.*
 All protected spectrum users want quicker resolution of
interference. Geolocation databases of spectrum users
is quite helpful.
 11af is standardizing operation with multiple
geolocation databases.
*Acknowledge FCC 10-198 Promoting More Efficient Use of Spectrum through Dynamic Spectrum Use Technologies
http://www.federalregister.gov/articles/2010/12/28/2010-32491/promoting-more-efficient-use-of-spectrum-through-dynamic-spectrum-use-technologies

17. Some 11af TV band defined elements
Others define the Authorized database protocols that Access Points and Fixed
devices shall use, and each AP is certified to operate with a specific Authorized TV
bands database. A Registered Location Secure Server accesses the Authorized
databases with protocols that others define, and may provide a persistent internet
address to the databases. APs and 802.11 stations access a Registered Location
Secure Server with radio protocols that IEEE 802.11 defines.

18. Relations between 802.11ac and 11af
 Expect 11ac PHY to be „frozen‟ by Christmas 2011, and
WFA to certify devices by Spring 2013
 11af version of 11ac PHY top speed will be less than
10 Mbps per TV channel
 Expect TV frequencies to affect spatial streams more
than any other WLAN PHY technology.
Long wavelengths 5.2m-1.4m (VHF) and 63 cm-43 cm (UHF)
mean MIMO is less effective than at shorter wavelengths for the
same size devices
TV channel bandwidths of 6 MHz, 7 MHz and 8 MHz have to be
supported by world client radios
 Expect megabits and kilobits/sec at 3 times range of
802.11g (slower than 5 MHz / 80 MHz scaling)

19. 11af Higher Range / Robustness
MAC thruput
@70% efficiency Watt/
hours
5X
4X
Enterprise AP
3X
2ndGen Home APs
2X
X
11n/20
0
8m 18m 1.8km

20. 11ah Sub 1 GHz
 Started as Wi-Fi for Smart Grid meter reading
 Not a simple rebanding of 2.4 GHz equipment because
of much longer range requirement (>1 km), and some
battery powered Internet of Things aspirations. Some
want 12,000 devices on one service, some want multi-
year battery life.
 Marketing assessments and engineering assessments
this year, first draft March 2012.
 Should keep the 802.11 PHY experts busy.

21. 802.11 PHY timelines
802.11n 802.11ac 802.11ad 802.11af 802.11ah Sub
High Very High Very High Operation in 1 GHz
Throughput Throughput Throughput TV Bands
Draft 1.0 Draft 1.0 Draft 1.0 Oct Draft 1.0 Feb Draft 1.0
May 2006 June 2011 2010 2011 March 2012
WFA freeze WFA freeze WFA wait for WFA wait for WFA wait for
March 2007 Dec 2011 publication publication publication
502 pages 242 pages 552 pages 139 pages ?
Publish Sep Publish Dec Publish Dec Publish June Publish June
2009 2013 2012 2013 2014
1000 500 Person 400 Person 30 Person 200 Person
Person Years Years Years Years
Years
6 years 5 years 4 years 3 years 4 years

22. Wi-Fi Alliance
 Wi-Fi Alliance certifies interoperability between
products, not regulatory compliance
 Soft-AP (laptop or smartphone) drives many new
concepts (1 to 1, 1 to many)
 Wi-Fi Direct between radio devices (not ad hoc) 2010
 Wi-Fi Display to large screen (1 to 1) 2011
 HotSpot 2.0 with network operators for world-radio
clients (like ATM machine networks) 2012
 SmartGrid for IPv6 Home Area Networks – Zigbee,
HomePlug interoperation 2013

23. References
 http://www.ieee802.org/11/
 https://mentor.ieee.org/802.11/documents
 http://www.wi-fi.org/connection/
 Cognitive radio in ECC
http://www.wonderlandwpa.com/dev/ecc_newsletter_june/june-
2011/index.html
 FCC TVWS ECFS Proceeding 02-380, 04-186 http://fjallfoss.fcc.gov/ecfs/
 FCC consolidated TVWS rules https://mentor.ieee.org/802.11/dcn/11/11-
11-0067-01-00af-fcc-tvws-orders-jan-11-consolidated-text.pdf
 FCC terminology https://mentor.ieee.org/802.11/dcn/11/11-11-0175-02-
00af-fcc-tvws-terminology.ppt
 Showmywhitespace.com http://spectrumbridge.com/whitespaces.aspx
 US Metro white space https://mentor.ieee.org/802.11/dcn/11/11-11-0499-
02-00af-us-metro-mhzpops.xls

24. 802.11 WG is starting to grow again and
802.16 WG is deciding what to do next!
600 Note: “number of voters” 802.11
is a “lagging” indicator
802.15
802.16
No. of voters before meeting
500
802.18
802.19
400 802.20
802.21
802.22
300
200
100
0
Jan-02 Oct-02 Jul-03 Mar-04 Dec-04Sep-05Jun-06 Mar-07 Dec-07Sep-08Jun-09 Mar-10 Dec-10Sep-11 Jun-12
Acknowledge Andrew Myles, Cisco
WG meeting date
Voting members – May „11

25. Q and A