1. Gait Analysis Definitions
PTHE 1581

2. Objectives
 Define the terms for gait analysis as described by Rancho Los
Amigos Observational Gait Analysis
 Briefly describe what is happening in the lower limbs during
each phase of gait

3. Rancho Los Amigos Terms
 Stance:
 Weight Acceptance
 Initial contact
 Loading response
g p
 Single Limb Support
 Midstance
 TTerminal Stance
lS
 Swing:
 Sing Limb Advancement
 Pre-Swing
 Initial Swing
 MdS
Mid Swing
 Terminal Swing

4. Other Terms (from Oatis)
 Rancho Los Amigos terms are in parentheses; they do not
correlate perfectly
lt f tl
 Stance:
 Ground contact (initial contact)
( )
 Foot flat (loading response to midstance)
 Heel off (midstance to terminal stance)
 Contralateral ground contact (terminal stance)
C l l d ( i l )
 Toe off (pre-swing)
 Swing:
g
 Early swing (initial swing)
 Mid swing (Mid swing)
 L t swing (T
Late i (Terminal swing)
i l i )
*** We will NOT be using this terminology in class, this information is for your reference only ***

5. Phases of Gait
 The following slides give a brief description of what happens
at the hip, knee, and ankle during NORMAL gait

6. Initial Contact (IC)
 Foot makes contact with the ground
 The hip is in 20 degrees of flexion
 The knee is in 5 degrees of flexion
 The ankle is in 0 degrees of dorsiflexion

7. Loading Response (LR)
 Shock absorbtion
 Hip is in 20 degrees of flexion
 Knee is in 15 degrees of flexion
 Ankle is in 5 degrees of plantarflexion
 Foot pronates

8. Mid Stance (MSt)
 The body moves forward over the foot
 Hip is in 0 degrees flexion
 Knee is in 5 degrees flexion
 Ankle is in 5 degrees dorsiflexion

9. Terminal Stance (TSt)
 The body moves past the foot.
 Hip is in 20 degrees extension (apparent motion; some of this
comes from pelvic rotation)
 Knee is in 5 degrees of flexion
 Ankle is in 10 degrees of dorsiflexion

10. Pre-Swing
Pre Swing (PSw)
 Weight is being transferred to the other limb
 Hip is in 10 degrees hyperextension (apparent)
 The knee is in 40 degrees of flexion
 The ankle is in 15 degrees of plantarflexion
 The first metatarsophalangeal joint is in 60 degrees of
dorsiflexion

11. Initial Swing (ISw)
 Thigh begins to advance past the stance thigh and leg
 Hip is in 15 degrees of flexion
 Knee is in 60 degrees of flexion
 Ankle is in 5 degrees of plantarflexion

12. Mid Swing (MSw)
 Leg has also advanced past the stance limb
 Hip is in 25 degrees of flexion
 Knee is in 25 degrees of flexion (perpendicular to the ground)
 Ankle is in 0 degrees dorsiflexion

13. Terminal Swing (TSw)
 The leg extends to provide length to the step
 The hip is in 20 degrees of flexion
 The knee is in 5 degrees of flexion
 The ankle is in 0 degrees of flexion