I hope this might help for those who are interested in linguistic.

1. ■CONSONANTS
■VOWELS

2. DESCRIBING
◼CONSONANTS
Voicing
• Voiced,
Voiceless
Place of
articulation
• "WHERE" the
consonant is
produced
Manner of
articulation
• "HOW" the
consonant is
produced
1 2 3

3. VOICING → what are the vocal folds doing
▸ VOICELESS
SOUND
doesn’t produce vibration
▸ VOICED SOUND
produces vibration

4. PLACE OF ARTICULATION
→ where the constriction of airflow takes place
1.BILABIAL
both lips come together
Active ▹ Lower lip
Passive ▹ Upper lip
[p] as in "purse" and "rap”
[b] as in "back" and "cab”
[m] as in "mad" and "clam”
[w] as in "wet" and "how”

5. PLACE OF ARTICULATION
2.LABIODENTAL :
curling your lower lip back and
raising it to touch your upper teeth
Active ▹ Lower lip
Passive ▹ Upper teeth
[f] as in "fall" and “half”
[v] as in "vine" and "have"

6. PLACE OF ARTICULATION
3. INTERDENTAL :
placing tip of tongue against
upper teeth
Active ▹ Tip of
tongue
Passive ▹ Upper teeth
[θ] as is "thick" and "bath”
[ð] as in "the" and "rather"

7. PLACE OF ARTICULATION
4. ALVEOLAR :
The tongue tip touches the
alveolar ridge.
Active ▹ Tip of tongue
Passive ▹ Alveolar ridge
[n] as in "no" and "man”
[t] as in "tab" and "rat”
[d] as in "dip" and "bad”
[s] as in "suit" and "bus”
[z] as in "zit" and "jazz”
[l] as in "luck" and "full"

8. PLACE OF ARTICULATION
5. ALVEO-PALATAL :
The tongue tip touches the
back of the alveolar ridge.
Active ▹ Tip of tongue
Passive ▹ the hard palate
[ ʃ ] as in "shoot" or "brash"
[ʒ] as in "vision" or "measure”
[tʃ ] as in "chick" or "match"
[dʒ] as in "jam" or "badge”

9. PLACE OF ARTICULATION
6.RETROFLEX :
The tongue tip is curled up toward
the hard palate.
Active ▹ Tip of tongue
Passive ▹ The hard palate
[r] as in “run" and “rabbit”

10. PLACE OF ARTICULATION
7.PALATAL :
The front of the tongue touches
the hard palate.
Active ▹ The front of the
tongue
Passive ▹ The hard palate
[j] as in "yes" and “beyond”

11. PLACE OF ARTICULATION
8.VELAR :
the back of the tongue touches the
soft palate, or velum.
Active ▹ the back of the
tongue Passive ▹ the soft palate
[ŋ] as in "going" and "uncle”
[k] as in "kite" and "back”
[g] as in "good" and "bug”

12. PLACE OF ARTICULATION
9.GLOTTAL :
The opening between the vocal folds
is narrow enough to create some
turbulence in the airstream flowing
past the vocal folds.
[h] as in "hi" and “horse"

13. Plosives or Stop
▷ the air quickly builds up pressure
behind the articulators and then
releases in a burst.
[p] [b] [t]
[d] [k] [g]
→ how the airflow is constricted
MANNER OF ARTICULATION

14. Fricative
▷The air has to be forced through
a narrowchannel.
[f] [v] [θ]
[ð] [s] [z]
[ ʃ ] [ʒ] [h]
MANNER OF ARTICULATION

15. Affricates
▷ a combination of a stop
and a fricative that make one
new sound. The sounds begin with
a stop and end in a fricative.
[tʃ] [dʒ]
MANNER OF ARTICULATION

16. ▷ the air pass through
your nose.
[m] [n] [ŋ]
MANNER OF ARTICULATION
Nasal

17. ▷ Two articulators come
close together but not
quite close enough to
create air turbulence.
[w] [ j ] [r]
MANNER OF ARTICULATION
Approximants
▷ The tongue blocks the
middle of your mouth so
that air has to pass
around the sides.
[ l ]
Lateral Approx.

18. EXERCISE ► CONSONANTS
TABOO
[təˈbuː]
THROW
[θrəʊ]
SINGER
[ˈsɪŋə]
Voiced — Bilabial — Plosive
Voiceless — Interdental — Fricatives
Voiced — Velar — Nasal

19. DESCRIBING
◼VOWELS
Muscular
Tension
• the amount
of muscular
tension
around the
mouth
Rounding
• the
rounding
of the lips
Tongue
Height
• the
position of
the tongue
Tongue
Advancement
• the
position of
the body
of the
tongue
21 3 4

20. SEE
BED
CAT
SIT
UH
UP
TURN
FOOD
PUT
ALL
HOT
ARM

21. EXERCISE ► VOWELS
THROUGH
[θruː]
STAND
[stand]
Tense — Rounded — High — Back
Lax — Unrounded — Low — Front
http://cambridgeenglishonline.com/Phonetics_Focus/