1. 2011-09-29
e-Government Development of Korea
CHO, Bong Up
United Nations Project Office on Governance(UNPOG)
In Republic of Korea
26 September 2011
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Contents
I Korea’s e-Government in Brief
II Structure of Korea’s e-Government
III Key Achievements and Success Factors
IV Problems and Challenges Ahead
V Suggestions: Tasks of e-leaders
*Annex Towards a Smart Government
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2. 2011-09-29
I Korea’s e-Government in Brief
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A Journey to e-Government in Korea
Expansion of convergence sharing
Implementation focused on usage and convergence
Unification of implementation system for national informatization
31 major tasks for e-Government
Execution of 31 e-Government Projects including
consolidated logistics and the sharing of administrative information
11 major tasks for e-Government
Enacting the Act on e-Government(2001)
Establishing e-civil service, e-procurement ,and NEIS
Promoting Informatization
Building the foundation for high-speed infrastructure
Enacting the Framework Act on Informatization Promotion(1996)
Building Administrative Computer Networks(1987~1996)
Implementing Administrative Computerization(1978~1987)
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3. 2011-09-29
Organization
President
President’s Council
On Informatization
Strategies
Mediation/
Review/Consultation
Technical &
Project Support MOPAS Dept. Dept. Dept.
Administration, Technology,
NIA Support for common platform
Deployment Deployment Deployment
※MOPAS: Ministry of Public Administration & Security
※NIA: National Information Society Agency
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Role of Organizations
President’s Council on Ministry of Public Administration & Security
Informatization Strategies (PCIS) (MOPAS)
Establish visions for e-government Establish e-government policies
Coordinate & evaluate e-government Construct government-wide infra.
initiatives
Formulate and implement action plans Provide technical support for carrying
for e-government projects out e-government projects
Respective Ministries National Information Society Agency (NIA)
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4. 2011-09-29
Current Status of Korea’s e-Government
Phase 1 [Foundation] Phase 2 [Service Advancement]
Consolidation of internal administrative Advancement of internal administrative
procedure and establishment of procedure
common basis Expansion of integrated civil services
Selective public service reform
We are
Here !
Phase 2
Level 4
Phase 1
Seamless
Level 3
Transactional Seamless online
Level 2
Enhanced Visa, passport, service provided by
Level 1
birth records agencies
Emerging
Regularly updated obtained online
contents and Converged
Limited web Taxes & fees paid
information public/civil services
presence online
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2010 UN e-Government Survey
1st e-Gov 1st st
1
2nd
Development (0.98)
Index
5th 5th
6th (0.87)
’05 ’08 ’10 ’05 ’08 ’10
1st
(1.00)
7th
9th (0.99)
4th 10th 10th
(0.67) (0.69)
(0.97) 13th 14th (0.98)
6th (0.97)
(0.82) (0.64)
’05 ’08 ’10 ’05 ’08 ’10 ’05 ’08 ’10
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5. 2011-09-29
World’s Recognitions
Achieving the World’s Best e-Government
International Awards Model Case Selection International Certifications
KISS HTS KIPOnet
: UN Public Service : OECD e-Tax Best : WIPO IT Standard
Awards (’07) Practice (’06) (’06)
InVil OPPP UNIPASS
: UN Public Service : ‘Online Politics : ISO 9001, 20000
Awards (’11) Trophy Top10’ (’06) (’06)
KONEPS uTradeHub KONEPS
: WCIT Global : ‘World Advanced’ : UN/CEFACT Int’l
Excellence Award(’06) in APEC Report (’05) Standard (’05)
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II Structure of Korea’s e-Government
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1. Back – Office Services
(1st Stage) : Computerization of back-office services
Development of standardized co-administrative system including
personnel, finance management, audit, e-document, local administration
and resident registration information system
Expanded deployment to all departments
(2nd Stage) : Connection between departments
Connection of systems such as document distribution, financial services
Enhancement of efficiency and transparency
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Governmental IDC
Separately managed information systems are consolidated by establishing NCIA
- Information systems of 47 government agencies integrated and managed together
Seamless & Flawless Operation Achieved
Stable integrated IT management for 24 / 7
Monthly system failure time :
67 min → 1.15 min
IT Management Improved
67% of employees licensed for ITIL (IT Infra. Lib.)
Number of systems managed per person :
1.8 → 13
Security Environment Consolidated
8-layer protection / 4-step analysis against intrusion
Cyber attack / intrusion detection system equipped
Dual system for natural disaster relief
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Government Information Sharing
To minimize required documents and office visits by expanding Gov’t information
sharing to the entire public sector and financial institutions
- change from register & provider-centered, to customer-tailored Gov’t info. sharing
- prevent misuse of critical information and promote Gov’t info. sharing among agencies
Expansion of Gov’t Info. Sharing
Expanding shared info.: 92 types → 120 types
Expanding # of agencies:
- public: 85 agencies → 106 agencies
- private: 17 agencies → 30 agencies
Consolidation of private info.
Developing ‘One Screen Service’ to show only
needed info.of citizens to public officials
Developing Gov’t info. relay system to improve
the management of Gov’t info. relay service
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On-Nara BPS (Business Processing System)
Integrated online management of public processes
-87 central government agencies and local governments are currently using On-Nara BPS
Policy accountability improved
On-nara
All decisions & opinions recorded in e-Document cards
BPS
History management of all the edited documents
Government efficiency enhanced
Online administration of all policy making process
All officers are now using On-Nara BPS (2011)
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2. Front - Office Services
(1st stage): Provision of online services in each sectors
(2nd stage) : Connection of individual services
Such as e-customs clearance (UNI-PASS), e-procurement (KONEPS),
e-patent (KIPO-NET), e-tax (HTS), etc.
(2st stage): Connection of individual services
Establishment of integrated online civil service portal(G4C),
business portal(G4B), national portal for all government services
(korea.go.kr)
Construction of consolidated logistics, integrated criminal justice
information system
Improvement of Citizen Convenience
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E-Customs : UNI-PASS
World’s top-level customs administration being achieved through process-
innovation and informatization since 1992
- Ex/import declaration, in-port, freight management, drawback, etc.
e-Clearance Portal Time reduction
Export: more than 1 day → within 2 minutes
Import: 2.5 hours → 1.5 hours
※ United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
(UNCTAD) recommends 4 hours
IT Management acceleration
Passenger flow Improved
Internet
Business Operator System
to advanced level
declaration Portal
40 minutes (Before) → 25 minutes (After)
Im/Ex Clearance Service
User Import Collection Duty ※ International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)
Authentication Clearance Duty Drawback
recommends 45 minutes
Export Import drawback
e-complaint
declaration declaration declaration
transmit & Export Monitoring Audit
receive
e-Document
Clearance Information Service
Clearance Airport/Harbor Information Logistics US$ 2.4b / year
Im/Ex
Document
Security Pre-notice Owner’s Result statistics Cargo
Traveler
Information
Investigation
Information
Business US$ 6m / year
Customs US$ 4.1m / year
broker
Saving 130 workforce
Customs /year 16
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E-Patents : KIPOnet
Patent administration is informatized including application, examination,
certificate service, etc.
Service available 24 hours, 365 days
Both domestically and internationally
Real-time processing information provided
Online Management Improved
IT Processing System for PCT
World’s 1st to establish online processing
system for PCT
World’s 1st to exchange online documents with
Online issuance of
certifications
patent charge
refund
PCT online
application
Authentication
Center
WIPO
Examination period for Patent applications
Is Shortened to 9.8 months through enhanced
efficiency
Personnel expense savings are 1.75million
dollars saved from using the efficient KIPOnet
system
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E-Procurement : KONEPS
Bidding procedures are now processed online in a one-stop process
- In 2009, over 70% of Korea’s total public procurement (122 billion USD) was conducted
through KONEPS * Users: 191,000 businesses and 41,000 agencies
Enhanced Efficiency
Information on all public biddings
One-time registration for bidding for all agencies
and bidding documents submitted online
Saves US$8.1B worth of transaction costs
annually
Enhanced Transparency
Bidding and contract information open
Real-time checking of procurement processing
Reduced face-to-face meeting by work
procedure automation
Korea received UN Public Service Award (PSA) in 2003 and was introduced
as a best practice model for transparency enhancement by OECD
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Online Civil Service (Minwon24)
Number of documents and visits have decreased through online civil services
- Civil information inquiry, petition & application, document inquiry and issuance, etc.
Civil information inquiry
Online information services for up to 3,000 civil appeals
Online inquiry statistics:
410 types of documents (2005) →
3,020 types of documents (2010)
- Online business registration, tax payment and its certificates,
factory registration, etc.
Online document issuance
Issuance statistics:
8 types of documents (2005) →
1,280 types of documents (2010)
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III Key Achievements and Success Factors
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Key Achievements
Quality Public Service
(G4C)
Transparent and Efficient
Government (G2G) Home document issuance
possible through G4C for 32
Enhanced transparency in policy G4C types of information
decision-making process by On-
E-Tax administration through
Nara BPS
Infra HTS (Home Tax Service)
Standardized common business Customized welfare service
forms used by central-local
G2G through NWP (National Welfare
governments Portal)
Advanced Infrastructure
Establishment of National
Computing & Information Agency
Development of e-government
legislative framework
Investment in national Informatization as a driving force for economic growth
IT’s contribution to national GDP growth: 19.2%(2010)
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Success Factors(1)
Strong Government Leadership
Leadership from the President
Strategic and sustainable plans for 20 years
Nationwide change management program
Aligned e-Government projects with Performance Evaluation
IT Governance
Presidential Committee On Gov’t National Informatization Strategy Committee chaired by
the Prime Minister mediates and guides the administrative branches
Revision of the legislative system for government process reform
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Success Factors(2)
Customer-oriented e-Government Services
Service development based on the needs of citizens, company and other organizations
Civil Service closely related to everyday life
Performance-based Program Management
Clear goals, objectives, short and long-term plans, with expected expenditure, income
streams and deadlines
Qualitative, Quantitative Performance Index (KPI) for nationwide level and each project level
Designation of an officer or organizing body in charge of project performance
Technology Support
Participation of experienced system Integration companies and specialized solution vendors
Adoption of practical technology; GIS (Geographical Information System), LBS (Location-Based
Service), Component Based Developing technology, etc…)
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IV Problems and Challenges Ahead
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Problems and Challenges Ahead(1)
1. Increasing ‘Cyber threats’ such as Hacking, DDoS, Stuxnet
Cyber attack on
Estonia Crisis
Georgia Gov.
(2007.4)
Website
(2008.8)
Cyberwar
between
Middle East
(2000.1)
Cyber attack on
Korean Gov. U.S Pentagon
7.7DDoS (2007.6)
China and 3.4DDoS Cyber attack on
Tibet GPS interruption Information network of
Cyberwar New Zealand and Australia
GhostNet (2007.9)
(2009.3)
2. Theats to ‘Digital Privacy’
ICT development provides convenience Internet Shopping
Information
as well as threats of personal
information exposure 25
Problems and Challenges Ahead(2)
3. Digital Divide Digital divide index
Digital divide index for the disadvantaged : 28.9 points
* Informatization level of the disadvantaged reaches 71.1%
compared to the level of overall population
4. Internet Addiction
Number of Addicted people (thousands)
Addiction Rate (%)
Total Addiction in 2010 : 8.0%
* Teenager 12.4%,
Adult 5.8%
[Internet Addiction - Total] [Internet Addiction - Teenager] [Internet Addiction - Adult]
5. Cyber Ethics
Harmful information such as malicious reply, spam and defamation, etc.
Incorrect information is made from speculation and rumors,
then disseminated through the Internet and cell phones causing harm to people
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Efforts for solving the Problems and Challenges
1. Cyber Threats and Digital Privacy
PEOPLE PROCESS
Increasing IT security Manual for each stage of crisis
Staff and Budget Simulation of cyber threats
SYSTEM
DDoS Defense System, Cyber attack detection system, etc
2. Digital Divide 3. Internet Addiction
• IT Training for the
disadvantaged(50,000 persons) • Internet Addition Prevention
• Second-hand PC distribution Training (130,000 cases)
(180,000 PCs) • Internet Addiction Counseling
• Information Network Village (80,000 cases)
for rural areas (362 villages)
The Sunfull
4. Cyber Ethics (Good Replies)
Movement
• Cyber ethics education for citizens from primary school
• Voluntary campaigns for cleaning up the internet
• Education for preventing recurrence of cyber crimes
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V Suggestions : Tasks of e-leaders
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Suggestions :
Tasks of e-Leaders for successful e-Gov development
e- e-
Customer-oriented
Services
Public- Appropriate
Private Legal
Partnership Frameworks
Change Sustained
Management Investment
Efficient
Organizational
Structure
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e-
Tasks of e-Leader (1)
1 Customer Oriented e-Government Services
e-Government initiatives with the most potential to impact everyday lives of citizens
such as resident registration, vehicle, customs clearance, employment, etc...
were given first priority, which became the foundation for e-Government
* Korea's e-Customs, e-Procurement, and e-Patent solutions grew to become globally recognized brand products
2 Appropriate Legal Frameworks for Each Phase of e-Gov Implementation
In order to sustain e-government implementation, appropriate laws were enacted
during each phase ensuring a conducive environment for e-Government
* Act on Expansion of Dissemination and Promotion of Utilization of Information System (1986), Framework Act on
Informatization Promotion(1996), Digital Signature Act(1999), e-Government Act(2001), Act on Shared Utilization of
Public Administration Information(2010), etc.
3 Sustained Investment in e-Government Budget
1% of the national budget was invested into e-Government construction every year
Created and utilized the Information and Telecommunication Promotion Fund to
build early e-Government
* Appropriated 10% of the informatization budget for e-Government support projects by MOPAS in order to effectively
implement multi-ministry horizontal projects (2004)
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e-
Tasks of e-Leader (2)
4 Efficient Organization Structure
Established supervisory committees to drive e-Government directly under the
President or Prime Minister
Assigned CIO for central and regional e-Government and created dedicated support
structures
Utilized specialized e-Government technical support agencies
* National Information Society Agency , Korea Local Information Research & Development Institute
Change Management of Public Officers in a Changing
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e-Government Environment
Overcame issues such as public officers' fear of workforce reduction due to
e-Government deployment, and resistance in using information systems through
sustained change management education
* electronic system user training, public officer e-capacity development, informatization contests and so forth
6 Public – Private Partnership
Efficient role division with the government taking care of e-Government policy making,
IT companies providing technology and skills, and citizens actively participating were
key factors in e-Government construction and utilization
* Informatization Promotion Committee (1996), Special Committee on e-Government (2001), Presidential Committee on
Government Innovation and Decentralization (2003), Presidential Committee on Government Information Strategy (2009)
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Thank You !!!
*Annex
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*Annex Towards a Smart Government
- 33 -
# Annex ; Towards a Smart Government
Smart Government
An advanced government promoting use of public services and active citizen participation,
anytime, anywhere through integration of smart devices and government services
e-
Via‘Smart e-Government 2015’
ICT Culture & Society Environment
mobile devices evolving population
& Energy
cloud computing
changing values global warming &
machine-to-machine
“network society” atmospheric change
services
⇒active use of Smart ⇒active response to energy crisis
ICT needed social change needed ⇒resolution needed
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Five Agendas
Identification of five agendas to actively respond to changes in the informatization paradigm and
the future society environment, and upgrade the existing e-Government
Changes in the Ranked first in U.N. e-Gov assessment Aim to be the world’s
ICT Rapid expansion of the mobile environment best mobile Government.
paradigm Convergence with other areas and intelligent
paradigm
Establish a safe and
sound society.
Environmental Low-birth rate and aging society
Promote smart work
changes of the Climate change (global warming)
that balances work
future society Increased new demand such as social and life.
welfare and disaster prevention
Provide personalized
services by communi-
Supplier-oriented and government-driven cating with the people
Limitations of services
Poor operational efficiency and increased
existing security needs Build strong e-
Insufficient accompanying growth with Government
e-Government infrastructure.
domestic IT companies
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Smart Government in 2015
Aim to be a world-best e-Government that works for the people
Uses the desired Improves enterprise Lives a safe and Smart-work whereby
Indivi- customized service at Enter- competitiveness using Society protected life Public work is harmonized
duals any time and place prises customized services servant with life
User-oriented multiple channel integration service Information disclosure/Public participation
Link with the
Smart-work business environment related agencies
Administrative
Collaboration agencies
Business space Group remote conference
ㅊ
Nurturing service
(major hubs)
공통서비스
Information sharing
Joint Advanced
utilization administration
Collaboration/
Public
agencies
Personal remote Offline meeting (major Remote training
conference traffic point)
Medical care,
e-Government infrastructure welfare,
education,
employment
Integrated security Integrated Sharing service agency
Integrated system authentication system
DB
National Computing & Information Integrated computing center of Enterp
Agency autonomous bodies
DB DB rises
Pan-governmental architecture (EA) Cloud computing basis
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