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How to Start
Ice Cream
Manufacturing Business
Flavoured Ice cream, Production Process,
Flavored Ice cream Making, Packaging
Ice-cream is one of the fastest growing food categories in India. Notably, the business is seasonal
in nature with April to June being the peak season and November to January the lean months.
Sales slacken during the monsoons also. India is the most rapid growing ice cream market
globally, with icecream treatsfastbecominga partofIndianculture.Indianconsumersareturning
into regular patrons of ice cream parlours, helping to fuel greater interest in packaged offerings in
thecountry.
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Introduction
Ice cream parlours are a booming business in India, and this popularity is making its way to
retail.
In value terms, the organised segment of India's Rs 3,000-crore ice cream market has been growing at 19.5
per cent a year for the last five years. Many established food and lifestyle trends, such as limited edition,
indulgent, natural and premium ingredients have led to the establishing of ice cream ranges under claims of
'premium'.
The ice-cream market has been through an evolution wherein the category has grown in shape and form
right from consumer perception to the products and services being offered. Ice-cream, which was considered
an indulgent category in the past, has now evolved to a stage where it is largely and happily perceived as a
snackingoptionbyconsumers.
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This change in perception has come about thanks to increasing disposable incomes and
greater discretionary spending. Also, the growing reach of the media has allowed
operators in this category to expand their range and recall value. The change in the
perception of consumers has allowed the category to grow in volume. Ice-cream, as a
category,hasbeen growing atahealthyCAGR of~10-15%.
The overall ice cream market is estimated at over 250 mn litre valued at around Rs. 17
bn.
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Nearly a fourth of the market by volume at 50 mn litres is in the organized sector with
players like Amul, Hindustan Unilever (HUL), Mother Dairy, Vadilal having a major
share.In valueterms,theorganisedsectorhasanoverall marketofoverRs.10bn. The
PHD Chamber of Commerce and Industry has projected that the size of ice cream
industry, estimated at Rs. 45 bn in 2013 is likely to jump to Rs. 70 bn by 2018.The
domestic ice cream industry would grow at the compounded growth rate (CAGR) of
about 25% in future with high profit margins ranging between 15 to 20% to reach the
project level since its per capita consumption has gone up at 300 ml against world
averageof2.3 litre.
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Ice Cream is a favourite food of millions around the world. It is a frozen mixture of a
combination of component of milk, sweeteners, stabilizers, emulsifiers and flavours. Ice
cream is a palatable, nutritious and relatively inexpensive food. No other food enjoys so
much popularity and has as attractive a form and appeal as ice cream. Ice cream is
composed of the mixture of food materials, such as milk products, sweetening materials,
stabilizers, emulsifiers, flavours or egg products which are referred to as ingredients. Milk
fatis ofmajorimportancein ice cream.
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It contributes rich flavor to the ice cream, is a good carrier for added flavor compounds and promotes
desirable tactual qualities. Stabilizers are used to prevent the formation of objectionable large ice crystals in
ice cream. Emulsifiers are used to produce ice cream with smoother body and texture, to impart dryness and
to improve whipping ability of the mix. Flavour is considered the most important characteristics of ice cream.
It hastwocharacteristics;typeandintensity.
Classification of ice cream may be based on commercial terms commonly agreed upon or
onregulatorycompositionrequirementsorflavorlabeling standards.
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Commercially ice cream is classified as plain ice cream, chocolate, fruit, nut, frozen custard, confection, bisque,
puddings, mousse, variegated ice cream, Neapolitan, ice milk, lacto, novelties, frappe etc. The basic step of
production in manufacturing ice cream are composing the mix, pasteurization, homogenization, cooling,
ageing, flavouring,freezing,packaging,hardening,storage,loadingoutproductsandcleaning ofequipments.
Ice cream can be mass produced and thus is widely available in developed parts of the
world. Ice cream can be purchased in large cartons from supermarkets and grocery
stores, in smaller quantities from ice cream shops, convenience stores, and milk bars,
andin individualservings fromsmall cartsorvansatpublicevents.
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Ice cream is expected to continue to expand robustly in India as purchasing power
increases and as manufacturers invest in expanding the availability of ice cream in
small stores.
Some of the fundamentals of the book are composition of ice cream mixes, the role of
the constituents, diet science and classification of ice cream, caloric content of ice
cream and related products, milk fat content of ice cream, classification of ice cream
and related products, artificially sweetened frozen dairy foods, ingredients of ice cream
roles and properties, effect of sweetener on freezing point, influence on ice crystal size
andtexture,
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flavour and colour materials and preparation, ice cream mixer preparation
processing and mix calculations, the freezing process, the freezing point of
ice cream mixes, ice cream handling, cleaning and sanitation, varieties,
novelties and specials etc.
It is a comprehensive book which covers all the aspects of manufacturing
of ice cream in various flavours. The book is meant for entrepreneurs,
technocrats, professionals, researchers, dairy technologists etc.
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Table of Contents
1. ICE CREAM-HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
2. COMPOSITION OF ICE CREAM MIXES
COMPOSITION
THE ROLE OF THE CONSTITUENTS
Milk Fat
Milk Solid Not Fat (MSNF)
Sweetener Solids
Egg Yolk Solids
Stabilizers
Emulsifiers
Total Solids
Water and Air
Flavour
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IMPORTANCE OF FLAVOUR COLOUR
OPTIONAL INGREDIENTS
THE BALANCED MIX
Conditionsm, That Limit the Balancing of a Mix
Mix Properties
Mix Stability
3. DIET-SCIENCE AND CLASSIFICATION OF ICE CREAM
NUTRITIONAL VALUE
Energy Value and Nutrients
Energy Content of Food
CALORIC CONTENT OF ICE CREAM AND RELATED PRODUCTS
Energy Content of Ice Cream and Related Products
Protein Content of Ice Cream
MILK FAT CONTENT OF ICE CREAM
MILK FAT CONTENT
CARBOHYDRATES
Carbohydrates in Ice Cream
Minerals
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MINERALS IN ICE CREAM
VITAMINS
Vitamins in Ice Cream
PALATABILITY AND DIGESTIBILITY OF ICE CREAM
CLASSIFICATION OF ICE CREAM AND RELATED PRODUCTS
Commerical Grouping of Ice-Cream and
Related Products Plain Ice Cream
Chocolate
Fruit
Nut
Frozen Custard
Confection
Bisque
Puddings
Mousse
Variegated Ice Cream
Neapolitan
Ice Milk
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Fruit Sherbet
Ice
Novelties
Frappe
Granite
Souffle
Frozen Yoghurt
Lacto
Fruit Salad
Fancy Moulded Ice Cream
This group includes
Mellorine-type Products
Artificially Sweetened Frozen Dairy Foods
Non Dairy Frozen Dessert
Labelling Requirement Grouping
Regulatory Type Classification
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4. INGREDIENTS OF ICE CREAM-ROLES AND PROPERTIES
SOURCES OF MILK SOLIDS NOT FAT
Milk
Milk Products used in Ice Cream Sources of Fat
Skim Milk
Butter Milk
Concentrated Skim Milk
Sweetened Condensed Milk
Skimmed Milk Powder
Special Commercial products
Whey Protein Concentrate
Mineral Salts
Unsalted Butter
Sweeteners
SOURCES OF SUGAR
Effect of Sweetener on Freezing point
Sucrose
Corn Sweeteners and Related Ingredients
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Dextrose
Corn Syrup
Dried Corn Syrup
Invert Sugar
Honey
Other Sweeteners
Nonnutritive Sweeteners
EGG AND EGG PRODUCTS
Fat Replacers
Sugar Alcohols
Syrups
STABILIZERS AND EMULSIFIERS
Function of Stabilizers
Influence on Ice Crystal Size and Texture
Shape and Body Characteristics
Retention of Air
Role in Fat Destabilization
Control of Sandiness
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STABILIZERS
Casein
Sodium Alginate
Carrageenan
Guar Gum
Locust Bean Gum
Sodium Carboxy Methyl Cellulose (CMC)
Pectin
Agar-Agar
Xanthan Gum
Hydroxypropy Methyl Cellulose
Other Gums
Starch
Stabilizer Blends
EMULSIFIERS
Type of Emulsifiers
Glycerides
Distilled Monoglyceride
Polysorbates
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Polyglycerol Esters
Fruit Acid Esters
Ethoxylated Mono and Diglycerides
Egg Yolk Solids
Function of Emulsifiers
Whipping Ability and Overrun Control
Stiffness and Dryness
Secondary Effect of Emulsifiers
Selection of Stabilizer and Emulsifier
Processing the Cocoa Beans
5. FLAVOURS AND COLOURS-MATERIALS AND PREPARATION
FLAVOURS FOR FROZEN DESSERTS
VANILLA
Imitation Vanilla Flavourings
Consistency in Vanilla Quality
Vanilla Ice Cream
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CHOCOLATE AND COCOA
Chocolate Ice Cream
Freezing Characteristics
Chocolate Confections
FRUITS IN FROZEN DESSERTS
Fresh Fruit
Candied and Glaced Fruits
Dried Fruits
PROCEDURES AND RECIPES
Strawberry Ice Cream
Raspberry Ice Cream
Peach Ice Cream
Cherry Ice Cream
Ice Cream with Complex Flavours
Sugar Free
NUTS
SPICES AND SALT
COLOUR IN FROZEN DESSERTS
FLAVOURING LOWFAT AND NONFAT ICE CREAM
6. ICE CREAM MIXER-PREPARATION PROCESSING AND MIX CALCULATIONS
PREPARATION OF THE MIX
Combining the Ingredients
PASTEURIZATION OF THE MIX
Pasteurization Renders the Mix
There are Two Basic Methods of Pasteurization
Homogenizing the Mix
Physical Effect of Homogenization
Homogenizing Temperature
Location of Homogenizer
Pressure for Homogenization
Care of the Homogenizer
Cooling the Mix
Ageing the Mix
Making the Mix in a Vaccum pan
Forewarming
Concentrating the Dairy Products
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Weighing the Concentrated Dairy Products
Adding Sugar and Stabilizer, and Pasteurizing
FLAVOURING MIXES
Cooling, Standardizing and Ageing
PACKAGING MIXES FOR SALE
CALCULATION OF ICE CREAM MIXES
The Importance of Calculations
MATHEMATICAL PROCESSES MOST FREQUENTLY USED
Methods of Calculating Mixes
Pearson Square Method
Arithmetical Method
CALCULATING MIXES WITH THE SERUM POINT METHOD
MIX DECISIONS
SIMPLE MIXES
COMPLEX MIXES
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7. THE FREEZING PROCESS
THE FREEZING POINT OF SOLUTIONS
The Frezzing Point of Ice Cream Mixes
PREFREEZING TESTS
FREEZING OPERATIONS
CHANGES THAT TAKE PLACE DURING THE FREEZING PROCESS
REFRIGERATION NEEDED TO FREEZE ICE CREAM
TYPES OF FREEZERS
The Continuous Freezer
The Refrigeration System
Operating the Continuous Freezer
Batch Freezer
Freezing Procedure for Batch Freezers
8. ICE CREAM HANDLING
CONSIDERING THE PACKAGE
REQUIREMENTS FOR PACKAGING
Paper
Substance of Paper
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Stiffness
Ink
Wax
Adhesive
Wax Content
Odour and Taint
Toxicity
Resistane to Deep Freezing
Leak Proofness
Paper Board
Thickness
Wax Content
Stiffness
Ink
Wax Quality
Adesive
Odour and Taint
Manufacturer's Joint
THE PACKAGING OPERATION
Packaging for Direct Sale to Consumers
Economy in Packaging Operations
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THE HARDENING PROCESS
Factors Affecting Hardening Time
Types of Hardening Facilities
Rapid Hardening Systems
HANDLING, STORING AND SHIPPING
Shipping with Dry Ice
Quality is the Goal
9. CLEANING AND SANITATION
PRINCIPLES OF CLEANING
CLEANING
Rinsing
Removal of Sediment
Removal of Fat
Removal of Proteins
Removal of Mineral Deposits
After Rinsing with Clean Water
Cleaning Agents
Alkalis
Acids
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Water Chelating Agent
Emulsifiers and Wetting Agents
Protective Substances
Composite Cleaning Agents
Alkaline Composites
SANITIZATION OF EQUIPMENT
SANITARY ENVIRONMENT
HYGIENIC PERSONNEL
TEST OF THE FINISHED PRODUCT
Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP)
HACCP Principles
SUMMARY
10. DEFECTS AND GRADING OF ICE CREAM
FLAVOUR DEFECTS
Flavouring System
SWEETENER SYSTEM
BODY AND TEXTURE DEFECTS
Defects of Body
Defects of Texture
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COLOUR
PACKAGE
MELTING QUALITY
Defects of Melting Quality
Defects in Ice Cream, their Causes and Prevention
EVALUATING FROZEN DESSERTS
SCORING METHODS
ICE CREAM CLINICS
11. VARIETIES, NOVELTIES AND SPECIALS
PLAIN ICE CREAM
Formula
Variations
Vanilla
Strawberry
Rose
Coffee
Caramel
Mint
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CANDY ICE CREAM
Variations
Peppermint Stick
Butter Crunch
Peanut Brittle
Toffee
Mint Chips
Mithai Ice Cream (Gulabjamun)
Mithai Ice Cream (Rasogulla)
Mithai Ice Cream (Gajar Halwa)
CHOCOLATE ICE CREAM
Chocolate Malt
Chocolate Malt and Nuts
Chocolate Toffee
Chocolate Cool
FRUIT ICE CREAM
Variations
Banana
Pineapple
Apple
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Orange
Orange Pineapple
Lemon
Grape
Custard Apple
Date
Sapota
Mango
Strawberry
Blueberry
Raspberry
NUT ICE CREAM
Variations
Butterscotch
Almond Walnut
Almond Tofee
Peanut
Caramel Nut
Fruit and Nut
Coconut Pineapple
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Tutti-Frutti
Banana Nut
VARIEGATED OR RIPPLED ICE CREAM
Probiotic Ice-Cream
Manufacture of Preobiotic Ice-Cream
LABELLING OF PROBIOTIC FOODS
NEW DIET SCIENCE FOR ICE CREAM
SORBET AND ICE CREAM
Manufacturing Procedure
Ice Cream Mix
Sorbet
Freezing
KULFI
Product Description
Technology
Innovations
Formulation of Kulfi
Optional Dairy Ingredients for Kulfi and Frozen Desserts
Sweet Fresh Cream and Fresh Milk
Frozen Cream
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Fluid Whole and Skim Milk
Plain Condensed Skim Milk
Plain Condensed Whole Milk
Sweetened Condensed Whole or Skim Milk
Packaging
Physico-Chemical Aspects
Shelf Life
DECORATION
12. ICE CREAM MICROBIOLOGY
ICE CREAM AS A CARRIER DISEASE
THE BACTERIAL COUNT OF ICE CREAM
Mix Ingredients as a Source of Bacteria
Dairy Products as a Source of Bacteria
Sugar as a Source of Bacteria
Stabilizers as a Source of Bacteria
Flavouring Materials as a Source of Bacteria
Strawberries, Raspberries or Black Berries
Peaches
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Oranges and Lemons
Bananas and Mangoes
Dried Fruits
Fruit Juices
Nuts
Colours as a Source of Bacteria
Eggs as a Source of Bacteria
Destruction of Bacteria by Pasteurization
Recontamination of the Mix after Pasteurization
The Effect of Ageing on the Bacterial Count
The Effect of Freezing and Hardening on the Bacterial Count.
BACTERIOLOGICAL STANDARDS FOR ICE CREAM
Milk and Milk Products
Ice Cream Defined
Classification of Ice Creams and Related Frozen Foods
Composition of Commercial Ice Cream
The Ingredients Used in the Manufacture of Ice Cream
Quality of Dairy Products for Ice Cream
Sweeteners for Ice Cream
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Ice-Cream Stabilizers
Flavouring Materials
Preparation of the Ice-Cream Mix
Technical Skill Necessary
Procedure in Calculating a Mix
Homogenizing the Mix
Agening the Mix
Quality of Ice Cream
Ice-Cream defects
Body and Texture Defects
Colour Defects
Distribution of Ice Cream
Ice-Cream Making in the Home
13. METHODS OF LABORATORY TESTS
JUDGING FLAVOUR AND AROMA
Gerber Test for Fat in Milk and Cream
SNF and Total Solids in Milk by Lactometer
Analysis of Fat in ice Cream
Ether Extraction Test
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Preparation of Sample
Procedure
Gerber Test
Apparatus and Reagents
PREPARATION OF SAMPLE
Procedure
Determination of Total Solids
Mojonnier Total Solids Test
Procedure
Apparatus and Reagents
Procedure
Calculation
MEASUREMENT OF VISCOSITY
Pipette Method
Borden Flow Meter Method
Brookfield Viscometer
Calculation
Test for Ammonia Leaks
Surface Tension
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14. ICE CREAM NOVELTYIMPULSE PRODUCTS
MOLDED NOVELTIES
EXTRUDED NOVELTIES
15. ICE CREAM SHELF-LIFE
Temperature Fluctuations and Ice Recrystalliation
The Role of Stabilizers
Maintaining Shelf-Life
16. ICE CREAM INGREDIENTS
Milkfat (or "Butterfat") /FAT
Milk solids-Not-Fat
Lactose Crystallization
Sweeteners
Stabilizers
Locust Bean Gum
Emulsifiers
Polysorbate 80
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17. MIX CALCULATIONS FOR ICE CREAM AND FROZEN DAIRY DESSERTS
Problem 1
Solution
Problem 2
Solution
Problem 3
Problem 4
Problem 5
Problem 6
Problem 7 (Using Liquid Sweeteners)
18. STRUCTURE OF ICE CREAM
Colloidal Aspects of Structure
Ice Cream Meltdown
Structure From The Ice Crystals
19. THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF THE PREEZING PROCESS
The Orocess of Crystallization
Importance of Crystallization Rate
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Importance of Temperature Fluctuations and Re-Crystallization
Formation of The Glassy Phase in Frozen Foods
Formation of a Dilute Glass
20. ICE CREAM MANFACTURE
Blending
Pasteurization
Homogenization
Ageing
Freezing and Hardening
Hardening
21. ICE CREAM FLAVOURS
Introduction
Vanilla
Chocolater and Cocoa
Fruit Ice Cream
Nuts in Ice Cream
Colour in Ice Cream
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22 HOMEMADE ICE CREAM
Ingredients Used
Preparation of the Ice Cream Mix
Aging the Mix
Freezing the Mix
Regular Vanilla Ice Cream
Low Calorie Vanilla Ice Cream
Milk Substitute Vanilla Ice Cream
Hints for Making Good Ice Cream
23 ICE CREAM FORMULATIONS
ICE CREAM MIX GENERAL COMPOSITON
Formulation Considerations
Economy Brands
Standard Brands
Premium Brands
Super-premium Brands
Suggested Mixes
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24. AUTOMATIC ICE CREAM BAKIGN MACHINE AGC-SERIES
Features
ACG Series
Features
Gas Burners
Scraping Device
Cone Ejector
Stacking Device
Output Details
Baking Process
25. NEW PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY -NEW PREMIUM 3D ICE CREAM PRODUCTS
Enhanced Market Opportunities
Low Capital & Flexibility
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26. SAMPLE ICE CRDAM CONE DRAWING
Design for Cone Diameter 30-40 mm
Design for Cone Diameter 40-50 mm
Design for cone Diamaeter50-56 mm
Design for Sugar Conges
Design for Cups
DIRECTORY SECTION
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Niir Project Consultancy Services (NPCS)
can provide Process Technology Book on
Flavoured Ice Cream
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Niir Project Consultancy Services
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall,
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Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
Mobile: +91-9811043595
Fax: +91-11-23841561
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An ISO 9001:2008 Company
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o One of the leading reliable names in industrial world for
providing the most comprehensive technical consulting services
o We adopt a systematic approach to provide the strong
fundamental support needed for the effective delivery of services
to our Clients’ in India & abroad
Who are we?
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o Project Identification
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What do we offer?
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Our Approach
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Sectors We Cover
o Ayurvedic And Herbal Medicines, Herbal Cosmetics
o Alcoholic And Non Alcoholic Beverages, Drinks
o Adhesives, Industrial Adhesive, Sealants, Glues, Gum & Resin
o Activated Carbon & Activated Charcoal
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Sectors We Cover Cont…
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Sectors We Cover Cont…
o Fruits & Vegetables Processing
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Sectors We Cover Cont…
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Sectors We Cover Cont…
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Water)
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Contact us
Niir Project Consultancy Services
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How to Start Ice Cream Manufacturing Business, Flavoured Ice cream, Production Process, Flavored Ice cream Making, Packaging

  • 1. How to Start Ice Cream Manufacturing Business Flavoured Ice cream, Production Process, Flavored Ice cream Making, Packaging
  • 2. Ice-cream is one of the fastest growing food categories in India. Notably, the business is seasonal in nature with April to June being the peak season and November to January the lean months. Sales slacken during the monsoons also. India is the most rapid growing ice cream market globally, with icecream treatsfastbecominga partofIndianculture.Indianconsumersareturning into regular patrons of ice cream parlours, helping to fuel greater interest in packaged offerings in thecountry. www.entrepreneurindia.co Introduction Ice cream parlours are a booming business in India, and this popularity is making its way to retail.
  • 3. In value terms, the organised segment of India's Rs 3,000-crore ice cream market has been growing at 19.5 per cent a year for the last five years. Many established food and lifestyle trends, such as limited edition, indulgent, natural and premium ingredients have led to the establishing of ice cream ranges under claims of 'premium'. The ice-cream market has been through an evolution wherein the category has grown in shape and form right from consumer perception to the products and services being offered. Ice-cream, which was considered an indulgent category in the past, has now evolved to a stage where it is largely and happily perceived as a snackingoptionbyconsumers. www.entrepreneurindia.co
  • 4. This change in perception has come about thanks to increasing disposable incomes and greater discretionary spending. Also, the growing reach of the media has allowed operators in this category to expand their range and recall value. The change in the perception of consumers has allowed the category to grow in volume. Ice-cream, as a category,hasbeen growing atahealthyCAGR of~10-15%. The overall ice cream market is estimated at over 250 mn litre valued at around Rs. 17 bn. www.entrepreneurindia.co
  • 5. Nearly a fourth of the market by volume at 50 mn litres is in the organized sector with players like Amul, Hindustan Unilever (HUL), Mother Dairy, Vadilal having a major share.In valueterms,theorganisedsectorhasanoverall marketofoverRs.10bn. The PHD Chamber of Commerce and Industry has projected that the size of ice cream industry, estimated at Rs. 45 bn in 2013 is likely to jump to Rs. 70 bn by 2018.The domestic ice cream industry would grow at the compounded growth rate (CAGR) of about 25% in future with high profit margins ranging between 15 to 20% to reach the project level since its per capita consumption has gone up at 300 ml against world averageof2.3 litre. www.entrepreneurindia.co
  • 6.
  • 7. www.entrepreneurindia.co Ice Cream is a favourite food of millions around the world. It is a frozen mixture of a combination of component of milk, sweeteners, stabilizers, emulsifiers and flavours. Ice cream is a palatable, nutritious and relatively inexpensive food. No other food enjoys so much popularity and has as attractive a form and appeal as ice cream. Ice cream is composed of the mixture of food materials, such as milk products, sweetening materials, stabilizers, emulsifiers, flavours or egg products which are referred to as ingredients. Milk fatis ofmajorimportancein ice cream.
  • 8. www.entrepreneurindia.co It contributes rich flavor to the ice cream, is a good carrier for added flavor compounds and promotes desirable tactual qualities. Stabilizers are used to prevent the formation of objectionable large ice crystals in ice cream. Emulsifiers are used to produce ice cream with smoother body and texture, to impart dryness and to improve whipping ability of the mix. Flavour is considered the most important characteristics of ice cream. It hastwocharacteristics;typeandintensity. Classification of ice cream may be based on commercial terms commonly agreed upon or onregulatorycompositionrequirementsorflavorlabeling standards.
  • 9. www.entrepreneurindia.co Commercially ice cream is classified as plain ice cream, chocolate, fruit, nut, frozen custard, confection, bisque, puddings, mousse, variegated ice cream, Neapolitan, ice milk, lacto, novelties, frappe etc. The basic step of production in manufacturing ice cream are composing the mix, pasteurization, homogenization, cooling, ageing, flavouring,freezing,packaging,hardening,storage,loadingoutproductsandcleaning ofequipments. Ice cream can be mass produced and thus is widely available in developed parts of the world. Ice cream can be purchased in large cartons from supermarkets and grocery stores, in smaller quantities from ice cream shops, convenience stores, and milk bars, andin individualservings fromsmall cartsorvansatpublicevents.
  • 10. www.entrepreneurindia.co Ice cream is expected to continue to expand robustly in India as purchasing power increases and as manufacturers invest in expanding the availability of ice cream in small stores. Some of the fundamentals of the book are composition of ice cream mixes, the role of the constituents, diet science and classification of ice cream, caloric content of ice cream and related products, milk fat content of ice cream, classification of ice cream and related products, artificially sweetened frozen dairy foods, ingredients of ice cream roles and properties, effect of sweetener on freezing point, influence on ice crystal size andtexture,
  • 11. www.entrepreneurindia.co flavour and colour materials and preparation, ice cream mixer preparation processing and mix calculations, the freezing process, the freezing point of ice cream mixes, ice cream handling, cleaning and sanitation, varieties, novelties and specials etc. It is a comprehensive book which covers all the aspects of manufacturing of ice cream in various flavours. The book is meant for entrepreneurs, technocrats, professionals, researchers, dairy technologists etc.
  • 12. www.entrepreneurindia.co Table of Contents 1. ICE CREAM-HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 2. COMPOSITION OF ICE CREAM MIXES COMPOSITION THE ROLE OF THE CONSTITUENTS Milk Fat Milk Solid Not Fat (MSNF) Sweetener Solids Egg Yolk Solids Stabilizers Emulsifiers Total Solids Water and Air Flavour
  • 13. www.entrepreneurindia.co IMPORTANCE OF FLAVOUR COLOUR OPTIONAL INGREDIENTS THE BALANCED MIX Conditionsm, That Limit the Balancing of a Mix Mix Properties Mix Stability 3. DIET-SCIENCE AND CLASSIFICATION OF ICE CREAM NUTRITIONAL VALUE Energy Value and Nutrients Energy Content of Food CALORIC CONTENT OF ICE CREAM AND RELATED PRODUCTS Energy Content of Ice Cream and Related Products Protein Content of Ice Cream MILK FAT CONTENT OF ICE CREAM MILK FAT CONTENT CARBOHYDRATES Carbohydrates in Ice Cream Minerals
  • 14. www.entrepreneurindia.co MINERALS IN ICE CREAM VITAMINS Vitamins in Ice Cream PALATABILITY AND DIGESTIBILITY OF ICE CREAM CLASSIFICATION OF ICE CREAM AND RELATED PRODUCTS Commerical Grouping of Ice-Cream and Related Products Plain Ice Cream Chocolate Fruit Nut Frozen Custard Confection Bisque Puddings Mousse Variegated Ice Cream Neapolitan Ice Milk
  • 15. www.entrepreneurindia.co Fruit Sherbet Ice Novelties Frappe Granite Souffle Frozen Yoghurt Lacto Fruit Salad Fancy Moulded Ice Cream This group includes Mellorine-type Products Artificially Sweetened Frozen Dairy Foods Non Dairy Frozen Dessert Labelling Requirement Grouping Regulatory Type Classification
  • 16. www.entrepreneurindia.co 4. INGREDIENTS OF ICE CREAM-ROLES AND PROPERTIES SOURCES OF MILK SOLIDS NOT FAT Milk Milk Products used in Ice Cream Sources of Fat Skim Milk Butter Milk Concentrated Skim Milk Sweetened Condensed Milk Skimmed Milk Powder Special Commercial products Whey Protein Concentrate Mineral Salts Unsalted Butter Sweeteners SOURCES OF SUGAR Effect of Sweetener on Freezing point Sucrose Corn Sweeteners and Related Ingredients
  • 17. www.entrepreneurindia.co Dextrose Corn Syrup Dried Corn Syrup Invert Sugar Honey Other Sweeteners Nonnutritive Sweeteners EGG AND EGG PRODUCTS Fat Replacers Sugar Alcohols Syrups STABILIZERS AND EMULSIFIERS Function of Stabilizers Influence on Ice Crystal Size and Texture Shape and Body Characteristics Retention of Air Role in Fat Destabilization Control of Sandiness
  • 18. www.entrepreneurindia.co STABILIZERS Casein Sodium Alginate Carrageenan Guar Gum Locust Bean Gum Sodium Carboxy Methyl Cellulose (CMC) Pectin Agar-Agar Xanthan Gum Hydroxypropy Methyl Cellulose Other Gums Starch Stabilizer Blends EMULSIFIERS Type of Emulsifiers Glycerides Distilled Monoglyceride Polysorbates
  • 19. www.entrepreneurindia.co Polyglycerol Esters Fruit Acid Esters Ethoxylated Mono and Diglycerides Egg Yolk Solids Function of Emulsifiers Whipping Ability and Overrun Control Stiffness and Dryness Secondary Effect of Emulsifiers Selection of Stabilizer and Emulsifier Processing the Cocoa Beans 5. FLAVOURS AND COLOURS-MATERIALS AND PREPARATION FLAVOURS FOR FROZEN DESSERTS VANILLA Imitation Vanilla Flavourings Consistency in Vanilla Quality Vanilla Ice Cream
  • 20. www.entrepreneurindia.co CHOCOLATE AND COCOA Chocolate Ice Cream Freezing Characteristics Chocolate Confections FRUITS IN FROZEN DESSERTS Fresh Fruit Candied and Glaced Fruits Dried Fruits PROCEDURES AND RECIPES Strawberry Ice Cream Raspberry Ice Cream Peach Ice Cream Cherry Ice Cream Ice Cream with Complex Flavours Sugar Free NUTS SPICES AND SALT COLOUR IN FROZEN DESSERTS FLAVOURING LOWFAT AND NONFAT ICE CREAM
  • 21. 6. ICE CREAM MIXER-PREPARATION PROCESSING AND MIX CALCULATIONS PREPARATION OF THE MIX Combining the Ingredients PASTEURIZATION OF THE MIX Pasteurization Renders the Mix There are Two Basic Methods of Pasteurization Homogenizing the Mix Physical Effect of Homogenization Homogenizing Temperature Location of Homogenizer Pressure for Homogenization Care of the Homogenizer Cooling the Mix Ageing the Mix Making the Mix in a Vaccum pan Forewarming Concentrating the Dairy Products www.entrepreneurindia.co
  • 22. Weighing the Concentrated Dairy Products Adding Sugar and Stabilizer, and Pasteurizing FLAVOURING MIXES Cooling, Standardizing and Ageing PACKAGING MIXES FOR SALE CALCULATION OF ICE CREAM MIXES The Importance of Calculations MATHEMATICAL PROCESSES MOST FREQUENTLY USED Methods of Calculating Mixes Pearson Square Method Arithmetical Method CALCULATING MIXES WITH THE SERUM POINT METHOD MIX DECISIONS SIMPLE MIXES COMPLEX MIXES www.entrepreneurindia.co
  • 23. 7. THE FREEZING PROCESS THE FREEZING POINT OF SOLUTIONS The Frezzing Point of Ice Cream Mixes PREFREEZING TESTS FREEZING OPERATIONS CHANGES THAT TAKE PLACE DURING THE FREEZING PROCESS REFRIGERATION NEEDED TO FREEZE ICE CREAM TYPES OF FREEZERS The Continuous Freezer The Refrigeration System Operating the Continuous Freezer Batch Freezer Freezing Procedure for Batch Freezers 8. ICE CREAM HANDLING CONSIDERING THE PACKAGE REQUIREMENTS FOR PACKAGING Paper Substance of Paper www.entrepreneurindia.co
  • 24. Stiffness Ink Wax Adhesive Wax Content Odour and Taint Toxicity Resistane to Deep Freezing Leak Proofness Paper Board Thickness Wax Content Stiffness Ink Wax Quality Adesive Odour and Taint Manufacturer's Joint THE PACKAGING OPERATION Packaging for Direct Sale to Consumers Economy in Packaging Operations www.entrepreneurindia.co
  • 25. THE HARDENING PROCESS Factors Affecting Hardening Time Types of Hardening Facilities Rapid Hardening Systems HANDLING, STORING AND SHIPPING Shipping with Dry Ice Quality is the Goal 9. CLEANING AND SANITATION PRINCIPLES OF CLEANING CLEANING Rinsing Removal of Sediment Removal of Fat Removal of Proteins Removal of Mineral Deposits After Rinsing with Clean Water Cleaning Agents Alkalis Acids www.entrepreneurindia.co
  • 26. Water Chelating Agent Emulsifiers and Wetting Agents Protective Substances Composite Cleaning Agents Alkaline Composites SANITIZATION OF EQUIPMENT SANITARY ENVIRONMENT HYGIENIC PERSONNEL TEST OF THE FINISHED PRODUCT Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) HACCP Principles SUMMARY 10. DEFECTS AND GRADING OF ICE CREAM FLAVOUR DEFECTS Flavouring System SWEETENER SYSTEM BODY AND TEXTURE DEFECTS Defects of Body Defects of Texture www.entrepreneurindia.co
  • 27. COLOUR PACKAGE MELTING QUALITY Defects of Melting Quality Defects in Ice Cream, their Causes and Prevention EVALUATING FROZEN DESSERTS SCORING METHODS ICE CREAM CLINICS 11. VARIETIES, NOVELTIES AND SPECIALS PLAIN ICE CREAM Formula Variations Vanilla Strawberry Rose Coffee Caramel Mint www.entrepreneurindia.co
  • 28. CANDY ICE CREAM Variations Peppermint Stick Butter Crunch Peanut Brittle Toffee Mint Chips Mithai Ice Cream (Gulabjamun) Mithai Ice Cream (Rasogulla) Mithai Ice Cream (Gajar Halwa) CHOCOLATE ICE CREAM Chocolate Malt Chocolate Malt and Nuts Chocolate Toffee Chocolate Cool FRUIT ICE CREAM Variations Banana Pineapple Apple www.entrepreneurindia.co
  • 29. Orange Orange Pineapple Lemon Grape Custard Apple Date Sapota Mango Strawberry Blueberry Raspberry NUT ICE CREAM Variations Butterscotch Almond Walnut Almond Tofee Peanut Caramel Nut Fruit and Nut Coconut Pineapple www.entrepreneurindia.co
  • 30. Tutti-Frutti Banana Nut VARIEGATED OR RIPPLED ICE CREAM Probiotic Ice-Cream Manufacture of Preobiotic Ice-Cream LABELLING OF PROBIOTIC FOODS NEW DIET SCIENCE FOR ICE CREAM SORBET AND ICE CREAM Manufacturing Procedure Ice Cream Mix Sorbet Freezing KULFI Product Description Technology Innovations Formulation of Kulfi Optional Dairy Ingredients for Kulfi and Frozen Desserts Sweet Fresh Cream and Fresh Milk Frozen Cream www.entrepreneurindia.co
  • 31. Fluid Whole and Skim Milk Plain Condensed Skim Milk Plain Condensed Whole Milk Sweetened Condensed Whole or Skim Milk Packaging Physico-Chemical Aspects Shelf Life DECORATION 12. ICE CREAM MICROBIOLOGY ICE CREAM AS A CARRIER DISEASE THE BACTERIAL COUNT OF ICE CREAM Mix Ingredients as a Source of Bacteria Dairy Products as a Source of Bacteria Sugar as a Source of Bacteria Stabilizers as a Source of Bacteria Flavouring Materials as a Source of Bacteria Strawberries, Raspberries or Black Berries Peaches www.entrepreneurindia.co
  • 32. Oranges and Lemons Bananas and Mangoes Dried Fruits Fruit Juices Nuts Colours as a Source of Bacteria Eggs as a Source of Bacteria Destruction of Bacteria by Pasteurization Recontamination of the Mix after Pasteurization The Effect of Ageing on the Bacterial Count The Effect of Freezing and Hardening on the Bacterial Count. BACTERIOLOGICAL STANDARDS FOR ICE CREAM Milk and Milk Products Ice Cream Defined Classification of Ice Creams and Related Frozen Foods Composition of Commercial Ice Cream The Ingredients Used in the Manufacture of Ice Cream Quality of Dairy Products for Ice Cream Sweeteners for Ice Cream www.entrepreneurindia.co
  • 33. Ice-Cream Stabilizers Flavouring Materials Preparation of the Ice-Cream Mix Technical Skill Necessary Procedure in Calculating a Mix Homogenizing the Mix Agening the Mix Quality of Ice Cream Ice-Cream defects Body and Texture Defects Colour Defects Distribution of Ice Cream Ice-Cream Making in the Home 13. METHODS OF LABORATORY TESTS JUDGING FLAVOUR AND AROMA Gerber Test for Fat in Milk and Cream SNF and Total Solids in Milk by Lactometer Analysis of Fat in ice Cream Ether Extraction Test www.entrepreneurindia.co
  • 34. Preparation of Sample Procedure Gerber Test Apparatus and Reagents PREPARATION OF SAMPLE Procedure Determination of Total Solids Mojonnier Total Solids Test Procedure Apparatus and Reagents Procedure Calculation MEASUREMENT OF VISCOSITY Pipette Method Borden Flow Meter Method Brookfield Viscometer Calculation Test for Ammonia Leaks Surface Tension www.entrepreneurindia.co
  • 35. 14. ICE CREAM NOVELTYIMPULSE PRODUCTS MOLDED NOVELTIES EXTRUDED NOVELTIES 15. ICE CREAM SHELF-LIFE Temperature Fluctuations and Ice Recrystalliation The Role of Stabilizers Maintaining Shelf-Life 16. ICE CREAM INGREDIENTS Milkfat (or "Butterfat") /FAT Milk solids-Not-Fat Lactose Crystallization Sweeteners Stabilizers Locust Bean Gum Emulsifiers Polysorbate 80 www.entrepreneurindia.co
  • 36. 17. MIX CALCULATIONS FOR ICE CREAM AND FROZEN DAIRY DESSERTS Problem 1 Solution Problem 2 Solution Problem 3 Problem 4 Problem 5 Problem 6 Problem 7 (Using Liquid Sweeteners) 18. STRUCTURE OF ICE CREAM Colloidal Aspects of Structure Ice Cream Meltdown Structure From The Ice Crystals 19. THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF THE PREEZING PROCESS The Orocess of Crystallization Importance of Crystallization Rate www.entrepreneurindia.co
  • 37. Importance of Temperature Fluctuations and Re-Crystallization Formation of The Glassy Phase in Frozen Foods Formation of a Dilute Glass 20. ICE CREAM MANFACTURE Blending Pasteurization Homogenization Ageing Freezing and Hardening Hardening 21. ICE CREAM FLAVOURS Introduction Vanilla Chocolater and Cocoa Fruit Ice Cream Nuts in Ice Cream Colour in Ice Cream www.entrepreneurindia.co
  • 38. 22 HOMEMADE ICE CREAM Ingredients Used Preparation of the Ice Cream Mix Aging the Mix Freezing the Mix Regular Vanilla Ice Cream Low Calorie Vanilla Ice Cream Milk Substitute Vanilla Ice Cream Hints for Making Good Ice Cream 23 ICE CREAM FORMULATIONS ICE CREAM MIX GENERAL COMPOSITON Formulation Considerations Economy Brands Standard Brands Premium Brands Super-premium Brands Suggested Mixes www.entrepreneurindia.co
  • 39. 24. AUTOMATIC ICE CREAM BAKIGN MACHINE AGC-SERIES Features ACG Series Features Gas Burners Scraping Device Cone Ejector Stacking Device Output Details Baking Process 25. NEW PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY -NEW PREMIUM 3D ICE CREAM PRODUCTS Enhanced Market Opportunities Low Capital & Flexibility www.entrepreneurindia.co
  • 40. 26. SAMPLE ICE CRDAM CONE DRAWING Design for Cone Diameter 30-40 mm Design for Cone Diameter 40-50 mm Design for cone Diamaeter50-56 mm Design for Sugar Conges Design for Cups DIRECTORY SECTION www.entrepreneurindia.co
  • 41. www.entrepreneurindia.co Niir Project Consultancy Services (NPCS) can provide Process Technology Book on Flavoured Ice Cream See more https://goo.gl/C9sxVh https://goo.gl/gRhM4U https://goo.gl/Mtk8ZH https://goo.gl/IUC2Y3
  • 43. Take a look at NIIR PROJECT CONSULTANCY SERVICES on #StreetView https://goo.gl/VstWkd www.entrepreneurindia.cowww.niir.org
  • 44. Locate us on Google Maps https://goo.gl/maps/BKkUtq9gevT2 www.entrepreneurindia.co
  • 45. Contact us Niir Project Consultancy Services 106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall, New Delhi-110007, India. Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955 Mobile: +91-9811043595 Fax: +91-11-23841561 Website : www.niir.org www.entrepreneurindia.co Take a look at NIIR PROJECT CONSULTANCY SERVICES on #StreetView https://goo.gl/VstWkd www.niir.org www.entrepreneurindia.co
  • 46. An ISO 9001:2008 Company www.entrepreneurindia.co
  • 47. o One of the leading reliable names in industrial world for providing the most comprehensive technical consulting services o We adopt a systematic approach to provide the strong fundamental support needed for the effective delivery of services to our Clients’ in India & abroad Who are we? www.entrepreneurindia.co
  • 48. o Project Identification o Detailed Project Reports/Pre-feasibility Reports o Business Plan o Industry Trends o Market Research Reports o Technology Books and Directory o Databases on CD-ROM o Laboratory Testing Services o Turnkey Project Consultancy/Solutions o Entrepreneur India (An Industrial Monthly Journal) What do we offer? www.entrepreneurindia.co
  • 49. o We have two decades long experience in project consultancy and market research field o We empower our customers with the prerequisite know-how to take sound business decisions o We help catalyze business growth by providing distinctive and profound market analysis o We serve a wide array of customers , from individual entrepreneurs to Corporations and Foreign Investors o We use authentic & reliable sources to ensure business precision How are we different ? www.entrepreneurindia.co
  • 50. Our Approach Requirement collection Thorough analysis of the project Economic feasibility study of the Project Market potential survey/research Report Compilation www.entrepreneurindia.co
  • 51. Who do we serve? o Public-sector Companies o Corporates o Government Undertakings o Individual Entrepreneurs o NRI’s o Foreign Investors o Non-profit Organizations, NBFC’s o Educational Institutions o Embassies & Consulates o Consultancies o Industry / trade associations www.entrepreneurindia.co
  • 52. Sectors We Cover o Ayurvedic And Herbal Medicines, Herbal Cosmetics o Alcoholic And Non Alcoholic Beverages, Drinks o Adhesives, Industrial Adhesive, Sealants, Glues, Gum & Resin o Activated Carbon & Activated Charcoal o Aluminium And Aluminium Extrusion Profiles & Sections, o Bio-fertilizers And Biotechnology o Breakfast Snacks And Cereal Food o Bicycle Tyres & Tubes, Bicycle Parts, Bicycle Assembling www.entrepreneurindia.co
  • 53. Sectors We Cover Cont… o Bamboo And Cane Based Projects o Building Materials And Construction Projects o Biodegradable & Bioplastic Based Projects o Chemicals (Organic And Inorganic) o Confectionery, Bakery/Baking And Other Food o Cereal Processing o Coconut And Coconut Based Products o Cold Storage For Fruits & Vegetables o Coal & Coal Byproduct www.entrepreneurindia.co
  • 54. Sectors We Cover Cont… o Copper & Copper Based Projects o Dairy/Milk Processing o Disinfectants, Pesticides, Insecticides, Mosquito Repellents, o Electrical, Electronic And Computer based Projects o Essential Oils, Oils & Fats And Allied o Engineering Goods o Fibre Glass & Float Glass o Fast Moving Consumer Goods o Food, Bakery, Agro Processing www.entrepreneurindia.co
  • 55. Sectors We Cover Cont… o Fruits & Vegetables Processing o Ferro Alloys Based Projects o Fertilizers & Biofertilizers o Ginger & Ginger Based Projects o Herbs And Medicinal Cultivation And Jatropha (Biofuel) o Hotel & Hospitability Projects o Hospital Based Projects o Herbal Based Projects o Inks, Stationery And Export Industries www.entrepreneurindia.co
  • 56. Sectors We Cover Cont… o Infrastructure Projects o Jute & Jute Based Products o Leather And Leather Based Projects o Leisure & Entertainment Based Projects o Livestock Farming Of Birds & Animals o Minerals And Minerals o Maize Processing(Wet Milling) & Maize Based Projects o Medical Plastics, Disposables Plastic Syringe, Blood Bags o Organic Farming, Neem Products Etc. www.entrepreneurindia.co
  • 57. Sectors We Cover Cont… o Paints, Pigments, Varnish & Lacquer o Paper And Paper Board, Paper Recycling Projects o Printing Inks o Packaging Based Projects o Perfumes, Cosmetics And Flavours o Power Generation Based Projects & Renewable Energy Based Projects o Pharmaceuticals And Drugs o Plantations, Farming And Cultivations o Plastic Film, Plastic Waste And Plastic Compounds o Plastic, PVC, PET, HDPE, LDPE Etc. www.entrepreneurindia.co
  • 58. Sectors We Cover Cont… o Potato And Potato Based Projects o Printing And Packaging o Real Estate, Leisure And Hospitality o Rubber And Rubber Products o Soaps And Detergents o Stationary Products o Spices And Snacks Food o Steel & Steel Products o Textile Auxiliary And Chemicals www.entrepreneurindia.co
  • 59. Sectors We Cover Cont… o Township & Residential Complex o Textiles And Readymade Garments o Waste Management & Recycling o Wood & Wood Products o Water Industry(Packaged Drinking Water & Mineral Water) o Wire & Cable www.entrepreneurindia.co
  • 60. Contact us Niir Project Consultancy Services 106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall, New Delhi-110007, India. Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955 Mobile: +91-9811043595 Fax: +91-11-23841561 Website : www.niir.org www.entrepreneurindia.co Take a look at NIIR PROJECT CONSULTANCY SERVICES on #StreetView https://goo.gl/VstWkd www.niir.org www.entrepreneurindia.co
  • 62. For more information, visit us at: www.entrepreneurindia.co