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AGAR
                          Prospecttowards Prosperity
                                                                 -by Mohammed Sarwar Hossain

Introduction:

The sourceof Agarwood is the Aquilaria (agar)tree.This evergreen   tree bearsflowers that are sweetly
scented.
Agarwoodis a highly pized incensethat is extremelyrare. It has at leasta 3000-yearhistory in the
Middle East,China and Japan.
Sinceagesour peoplehas knowledgeand experience agarwoodand agaroil in Bangladesh.
                                                  of

quot;Current levelsof exploitationfor forestmay be a significantfactor in increasingtheir threatof
extinction.For years,treesof the genusAquilaria havebeenthe principle sourceof Agarwood,(also
                   gaharu,aloeswoodamongstothers),one of the most valuableforestproductstraded
calledeaglewood,
internationally.Trees can produce Agarwood are found throughout South and Southeast     Asia from India
to as far eastas PapuaNew Guinea.quot; (Ref.:CITES,thirteenthmeetingof the Plants Committee,       Geneva
(Switzerland), 2'' - I 5'nAugust 2003)
               I

Usesof Aqarwood:

Agarwoodis usedin traditionalmedicinesystems     suchas Ayurvedic, Tibetanand TraditionalEastAsian
medicineand its fragrancemakesit a popularingredientof perfumes.Agarwood is also burnedto create
       for
incense examplein India, Japan and the Middte East. Lesscommonly, it can be usedas an insect
repellentand as an ingredientin wine. (Ref . CITES,thirteenthmeetingof the Plants Committee,
                                                                                           Geneva
(Switzerland), 2quot; - I 5quot; August 2003)
              I
                         using agarwoodhasbecomevery popular in USA and Europ e. - (Henry
Recentlyaromatherapy
HeauvellingVanBeek,Director-The Tropical Rainforest Project).

Market price:

Agarwoodchips and segments      may sell for severalhundredto severalthousandUS dollarsper
kilogramme.The price of oil distilled from Agarwood is generallybetweenfive and ten thousand US
dollarsper kilogramme,but can be significantlymore for Agarwood oil exceptionallyhigh quality.(Ref.;
CITES,thirteenthmeetingof the Plants Committee,      Geneva(Su,itzerland),
                                                                         I2th-l5thAugust 2003)
(lt{ote:This price is applicablefor naturalAgarwood only).

Agar in plantation & artificially Agar production technology:

(a) Natural Process:
When infectedby certainfungi, Aquilaria trees,amongstothers,produceAgarwood,the greatest       volumes
of resinbeing found in treesaged50 yearsor more. However,as only infectedtreesproduceAgarwood;
uninfected treesare of negligible commercialvalue. If Agarwood is present,it existsin unpredictable
quantitiesand qualitiesthat can only be fully determinedoncethe tree has beensplit open,this resultin
many treesbeing felled needlessly  thus causingdrasticdeclinesin wild populations.(Ref.:CITES,
thirteenthmeetingof the Plants Committee,    Geneva(Switzerland),I2th-l5thAugust 2003)

(b) Traditional method:
In variouspartsof the world eventoday peopletry different methodsby injuring the tree artificially to
obtainAgarwoodand Agar oil. Thesemethodsmakethe mortality rate of the plant very high.
what is traditionallytried by the farmerststhe nailing method.But very little,low
In Bangladesh,
gradeand contaminated    agaroil can be extracted  from this method.Besidesthis methodcan only be
practicedin full monsoon.

In naturalforests,illegal poachinghasresultedin making treesendangered.
                                                                      International
                                                                                  organizations
     as CITES, IUCN, TRAFFIC, FAO & EC etc. havemountedefforts and at the momentplaying
such
activerole in preserving this endangered
                                       species.

        basedTRP has undertaken project whoseconceptis peoplebasednatureconservation
European                       a                                                   and
sponsored the EuropeanCommission.
        by

TRP is working on economicallyand environmentally                  Agarwood development.
                                                        sustainable
                methodincluding of resin formation in young plantationgrowth treeshasbeendeveloped
A successful
and the process continuallybeing refined and optimizedwith ongoingresearch
                   is                                                            with TRP cooperator
and wood microbiologistProf. Robert Blanchette, University of Minnesota, USA. (Ref.: Therainforest
                            r tp
P r oj ect wv,tu.ther ai rLfo e,s r oi ect.ne| ).

Most importantly,experiments        showedthat TRP was ableto induceAgarwood in plantedtrees,up to
ten-times faster then in natureand in much higher quantities.(  Ref.. TherainforestProject
                   pr oi ect.neI I.
      Iher
v,tquot;-tv. uinlbrest
(Note: In much higher quantitiesmeanscompared othertraditionalmethodssuchas nailing, axe
                                                    to
               practicedaroundthe world).
wounding,etc.

BetweenNovember 1Oth i 5th2003, Prof. RobertA. Blanchette
                     and                                   announced success First
                                                                     his   in
            Agarwood Conference
International                  which was held in Vietnam organizedby TRP.

Over 80 delegates   attended   from a multitude of backgrounds         and countries.During two daysof
presentations Ho Chi Minh City, chemists,
               in                                   forestpathologists,    molecularbiologists,pharmacologists,
         people,governmentofficials, forestryextension                              experts,perfumers,
business                                                                                              incense
                                                                  and conservation
manufacturers, aromatherapists
                 and                     exchanged     ideason wide-rangingtopics.
(Ref.: The r ainforest Pr oj ect v,v,w'.her crin-quot;fbstpr ri ect.net ).
                                      t           re
Among these80 delegates,       representatives CITES, IUCN, TRAFFIC, FAO & EC etc. were present.
                                                 of
(Henry Heauvelling Van Beek,Director-The Tropical Rainforest Project).

       IntemationalConference
Second                       was held in Bangkok from March 4 to 11, 2007 at Kasetsart
University, organized TRP and sponsored CITES, TRAFFIC, IUCN, FAO and EC etc.
                     by                   by

Opinion of FAO regarding First International Agarwood Conference:

quot;This conference
               will follow up on the experience  and the feedbackof the hugely successful
                                                                                        First
International
            Agarwood Conference,   held at Viet Nam in November2003.quot;

Also in SecondInternational
                          Agarwood Conference, Agarwood (inducement) productiontechnology(i.e.
CA Kit technology)was discussed
                              along with othertopics. (Ref.:FAO CorporateDocumentRepository).

Prof. RobertA. Blanchettepresented generation CA Kits in First International
                                  l't                                      Agarwood Conference
and improved2ndgeneration CA Kits in SecondInternationalAgarwood Conference  and was discussed.

CA Kits hasbeensuccessfully
                          usedin numerouscountriesincluding Bhutan, Malaysia, Thailand, Laos,
Papua New Guinea and Vietnam for many years.
The CA Kit usespharmaceutical    gradegelatincapsules
                                                    filled with non harmful inorganiccompounds
which do not contaminate soil or plants.Thesecompounds usedin many fields including food
                                                         are
productionand water treatmentand meet Europeans, USA, and WHO environmental       safety
             ((Henry Heauvelling VanBeek,Director-TheTropical Rainforest Project and Director-
requirements.
cALLC).

After severalfield tests,Prof. Robert Blanchette cameup with improved3'd generation CA Kit which
was formally announced a seminarheld on 16thMay, 2008 at Borolekha, MoulvibazarrBangladesh.
                         in

This is the only scientificallytestedand patentedtechnologyavailableat present.

Uses of CA Kit technologyin user countrieshas enrichedrural economyby creatingemployment
opportunityin the field of seedcollection,plantation,gardenmaintenance, Kits inoculation,plant
                                                                       CA
harvesting,agarchips production agaroil production,management marketingetc.
                                                                 and
                                ,
Also created profitable investmentopportunityfor the investorsand earnedvaluableforeign currency
            a
for thosecountries.
The inventionof this technologyhashelpedconservation endangered
                                                        of           Aquilaria species user
                                                                                     in
countries,besidesmore plantationshasresultedin environment   improvement.

                  (Private Sector):
Agar in Bangladesh

Sinceagesthe peopleof Sujanagar      union under Borolekhaupazllaof Moulvibazar district in Sylhet
division havebeenfamiliar and experienced     with agarextraction,chips productionand oil extractionin
traditionalnailing method.
Naturally formedagarwoodis hardly availableas very rarely it is formed in trees.But very little, low
gradeagaroil can be extractedfrom any agartree.
Among thosewho extractagaroil, there is a small group of factory ownerswho extractsagaroil from
white agarwood only. (Note: In suchtressneithernaturallyagarwas formed nor any technologyhad been
applied).
Thesefactory ownersdo not follow the nailing methodas their ancestors    neverdid. They considerit to be
as an act of sin because agaroil is also usedfor medicinalpurpose.They believethat the rust of iron
which is found due to the nailing methodactuallycontaminates agaroil.
                                                                the
After the announcement 3'o generation CA Kit by Prof. Robert Blanchette, in a seminarheld on 16th
                          of
May,2008 at Borolekha,Moulvibazar, Bangladesh,                 peopledecided to applynailingmethod
                                                       several               not
to their trees.They are anxiouslywaiting for CA Kits to be availablein the market.
Even beforethe seminar,the local farmerswere awareof the CA Kits from sources BRAC and
                                                                                   of
SQUARE. Also someof the factory ownersof Moulvibazar weretrying to get the patentof CA Kits.
In fact Most of the factory ownersand traderstravel aroundSouth East Asia, Middle East and they
havecometo know aboutthe market demandof CA Kits appliedproducts. At present,         extractingagaroil
from treesin which nailing methodhasbeenappliedis practicedby somefactory owners.Because, this     in
way slightly more and a bit betterquality agaroil is achievedcomparedto oil extracted from white agar
wood.

                                                     that of Forest

During the period of 1998to 2004,the govt. of Bangladesh experimentallyand successfully
                                                        has                               planted
agartreesin785.67 hectares land. (Ref. book-Agar-Experimental
                            of                                   Agar production Project-published
by Departmentof Forest under the Ministry of Environment and Forest).
Looking at the successfulresult of previousexperimental
                                                      plantation,anotherprogramfor planting 6.5
million of agarplantswas taken up. . (Ref,book-AgarBonayon- published by Departmenlof Forist under
the Ministry of Environmentand Forest).
The total amountof money investedin the experimentalagarplantationproject was Tk.-2.9 croreonly. At
present marketvalue of this project is Tk.-380 crore.
       the
Presently agarindustryprovidesemploymentof l0 lac working days.And if there is a plannedway of
agarplantationthen it will provide employmentof at least30 crore working days and will earnforeign
currencyof at leastTk-500 crore. (Ref. book-Agar-Experimental   Agar production Project-published  by
Departmentof Forest under the Ministry of Environmentand Forest).

Appropriatetechnologysuchas CA Kit technologyif adoptedthen employmentopportunityand foreign
culrencyeamingwill increase.  Moreover usageof this technologyconfirms 100%Agar formationin
Aquilaria trees.This technologyalso ensures
                                          betterquality and more quantity of Agarwood and Agar oil
than any othermethod/technology present. reduces time durationof harvesting.
                                 at       It         the

InternetLinks.

l) www.ther ai n-foestpr o-i ct.net
                  r        e

2) http://www..fao. g/docr ep/ 009/ a 09I 7e/A 09 I 7e08.hrm
                  or

3) www fu estpathoIo grt.
                        cfans.umn.edu/agarw ood.htm

4) www.scentedmount com
                  ain.

5) www.cultivatedagarw ood.com



Signature MohammedSarwarHossain.
        of



--fiU.g***-hDDeL
               -@

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Agar

  • 1. AGAR Prospecttowards Prosperity -by Mohammed Sarwar Hossain Introduction: The sourceof Agarwood is the Aquilaria (agar)tree.This evergreen tree bearsflowers that are sweetly scented. Agarwoodis a highly pized incensethat is extremelyrare. It has at leasta 3000-yearhistory in the Middle East,China and Japan. Sinceagesour peoplehas knowledgeand experience agarwoodand agaroil in Bangladesh. of quot;Current levelsof exploitationfor forestmay be a significantfactor in increasingtheir threatof extinction.For years,treesof the genusAquilaria havebeenthe principle sourceof Agarwood,(also gaharu,aloeswoodamongstothers),one of the most valuableforestproductstraded calledeaglewood, internationally.Trees can produce Agarwood are found throughout South and Southeast Asia from India to as far eastas PapuaNew Guinea.quot; (Ref.:CITES,thirteenthmeetingof the Plants Committee, Geneva (Switzerland), 2'' - I 5'nAugust 2003) I Usesof Aqarwood: Agarwoodis usedin traditionalmedicinesystems suchas Ayurvedic, Tibetanand TraditionalEastAsian medicineand its fragrancemakesit a popularingredientof perfumes.Agarwood is also burnedto create for incense examplein India, Japan and the Middte East. Lesscommonly, it can be usedas an insect repellentand as an ingredientin wine. (Ref . CITES,thirteenthmeetingof the Plants Committee, Geneva (Switzerland), 2quot; - I 5quot; August 2003) I using agarwoodhasbecomevery popular in USA and Europ e. - (Henry Recentlyaromatherapy HeauvellingVanBeek,Director-The Tropical Rainforest Project). Market price: Agarwoodchips and segments may sell for severalhundredto severalthousandUS dollarsper kilogramme.The price of oil distilled from Agarwood is generallybetweenfive and ten thousand US dollarsper kilogramme,but can be significantlymore for Agarwood oil exceptionallyhigh quality.(Ref.; CITES,thirteenthmeetingof the Plants Committee, Geneva(Su,itzerland), I2th-l5thAugust 2003) (lt{ote:This price is applicablefor naturalAgarwood only). Agar in plantation & artificially Agar production technology: (a) Natural Process: When infectedby certainfungi, Aquilaria trees,amongstothers,produceAgarwood,the greatest volumes of resinbeing found in treesaged50 yearsor more. However,as only infectedtreesproduceAgarwood; uninfected treesare of negligible commercialvalue. If Agarwood is present,it existsin unpredictable quantitiesand qualitiesthat can only be fully determinedoncethe tree has beensplit open,this resultin many treesbeing felled needlessly thus causingdrasticdeclinesin wild populations.(Ref.:CITES, thirteenthmeetingof the Plants Committee, Geneva(Switzerland),I2th-l5thAugust 2003) (b) Traditional method: In variouspartsof the world eventoday peopletry different methodsby injuring the tree artificially to obtainAgarwoodand Agar oil. Thesemethodsmakethe mortality rate of the plant very high.
  • 2. what is traditionallytried by the farmerststhe nailing method.But very little,low In Bangladesh, gradeand contaminated agaroil can be extracted from this method.Besidesthis methodcan only be practicedin full monsoon. In naturalforests,illegal poachinghasresultedin making treesendangered. International organizations as CITES, IUCN, TRAFFIC, FAO & EC etc. havemountedefforts and at the momentplaying such activerole in preserving this endangered species. basedTRP has undertaken project whoseconceptis peoplebasednatureconservation European a and sponsored the EuropeanCommission. by TRP is working on economicallyand environmentally Agarwood development. sustainable methodincluding of resin formation in young plantationgrowth treeshasbeendeveloped A successful and the process continuallybeing refined and optimizedwith ongoingresearch is with TRP cooperator and wood microbiologistProf. Robert Blanchette, University of Minnesota, USA. (Ref.: Therainforest r tp P r oj ect wv,tu.ther ai rLfo e,s r oi ect.ne| ). Most importantly,experiments showedthat TRP was ableto induceAgarwood in plantedtrees,up to ten-times faster then in natureand in much higher quantities.( Ref.. TherainforestProject pr oi ect.neI I. Iher v,tquot;-tv. uinlbrest (Note: In much higher quantitiesmeanscompared othertraditionalmethodssuchas nailing, axe to practicedaroundthe world). wounding,etc. BetweenNovember 1Oth i 5th2003, Prof. RobertA. Blanchette and announced success First his in Agarwood Conference International which was held in Vietnam organizedby TRP. Over 80 delegates attended from a multitude of backgrounds and countries.During two daysof presentations Ho Chi Minh City, chemists, in forestpathologists, molecularbiologists,pharmacologists, people,governmentofficials, forestryextension experts,perfumers, business incense and conservation manufacturers, aromatherapists and exchanged ideason wide-rangingtopics. (Ref.: The r ainforest Pr oj ect v,v,w'.her crin-quot;fbstpr ri ect.net ). t re Among these80 delegates, representatives CITES, IUCN, TRAFFIC, FAO & EC etc. were present. of (Henry Heauvelling Van Beek,Director-The Tropical Rainforest Project). IntemationalConference Second was held in Bangkok from March 4 to 11, 2007 at Kasetsart University, organized TRP and sponsored CITES, TRAFFIC, IUCN, FAO and EC etc. by by Opinion of FAO regarding First International Agarwood Conference: quot;This conference will follow up on the experience and the feedbackof the hugely successful First International Agarwood Conference, held at Viet Nam in November2003.quot; Also in SecondInternational Agarwood Conference, Agarwood (inducement) productiontechnology(i.e. CA Kit technology)was discussed along with othertopics. (Ref.:FAO CorporateDocumentRepository). Prof. RobertA. Blanchettepresented generation CA Kits in First International l't Agarwood Conference and improved2ndgeneration CA Kits in SecondInternationalAgarwood Conference and was discussed. CA Kits hasbeensuccessfully usedin numerouscountriesincluding Bhutan, Malaysia, Thailand, Laos, Papua New Guinea and Vietnam for many years.
  • 3. The CA Kit usespharmaceutical gradegelatincapsules filled with non harmful inorganiccompounds which do not contaminate soil or plants.Thesecompounds usedin many fields including food are productionand water treatmentand meet Europeans, USA, and WHO environmental safety ((Henry Heauvelling VanBeek,Director-TheTropical Rainforest Project and Director- requirements. cALLC). After severalfield tests,Prof. Robert Blanchette cameup with improved3'd generation CA Kit which was formally announced a seminarheld on 16thMay, 2008 at Borolekha, MoulvibazarrBangladesh. in This is the only scientificallytestedand patentedtechnologyavailableat present. Uses of CA Kit technologyin user countrieshas enrichedrural economyby creatingemployment opportunityin the field of seedcollection,plantation,gardenmaintenance, Kits inoculation,plant CA harvesting,agarchips production agaroil production,management marketingetc. and , Also created profitable investmentopportunityfor the investorsand earnedvaluableforeign currency a for thosecountries. The inventionof this technologyhashelpedconservation endangered of Aquilaria species user in countries,besidesmore plantationshasresultedin environment improvement. (Private Sector): Agar in Bangladesh Sinceagesthe peopleof Sujanagar union under Borolekhaupazllaof Moulvibazar district in Sylhet division havebeenfamiliar and experienced with agarextraction,chips productionand oil extractionin traditionalnailing method. Naturally formedagarwoodis hardly availableas very rarely it is formed in trees.But very little, low gradeagaroil can be extractedfrom any agartree. Among thosewho extractagaroil, there is a small group of factory ownerswho extractsagaroil from white agarwood only. (Note: In suchtressneithernaturallyagarwas formed nor any technologyhad been applied). Thesefactory ownersdo not follow the nailing methodas their ancestors neverdid. They considerit to be as an act of sin because agaroil is also usedfor medicinalpurpose.They believethat the rust of iron which is found due to the nailing methodactuallycontaminates agaroil. the After the announcement 3'o generation CA Kit by Prof. Robert Blanchette, in a seminarheld on 16th of May,2008 at Borolekha,Moulvibazar, Bangladesh, peopledecided to applynailingmethod several not to their trees.They are anxiouslywaiting for CA Kits to be availablein the market. Even beforethe seminar,the local farmerswere awareof the CA Kits from sources BRAC and of SQUARE. Also someof the factory ownersof Moulvibazar weretrying to get the patentof CA Kits. In fact Most of the factory ownersand traderstravel aroundSouth East Asia, Middle East and they havecometo know aboutthe market demandof CA Kits appliedproducts. At present, extractingagaroil from treesin which nailing methodhasbeenappliedis practicedby somefactory owners.Because, this in way slightly more and a bit betterquality agaroil is achievedcomparedto oil extracted from white agar wood. that of Forest During the period of 1998to 2004,the govt. of Bangladesh experimentallyand successfully has planted agartreesin785.67 hectares land. (Ref. book-Agar-Experimental of Agar production Project-published by Departmentof Forest under the Ministry of Environment and Forest). Looking at the successfulresult of previousexperimental plantation,anotherprogramfor planting 6.5 million of agarplantswas taken up. . (Ref,book-AgarBonayon- published by Departmenlof Forist under the Ministry of Environmentand Forest).
  • 4. The total amountof money investedin the experimentalagarplantationproject was Tk.-2.9 croreonly. At present marketvalue of this project is Tk.-380 crore. the Presently agarindustryprovidesemploymentof l0 lac working days.And if there is a plannedway of agarplantationthen it will provide employmentof at least30 crore working days and will earnforeign currencyof at leastTk-500 crore. (Ref. book-Agar-Experimental Agar production Project-published by Departmentof Forest under the Ministry of Environmentand Forest). Appropriatetechnologysuchas CA Kit technologyif adoptedthen employmentopportunityand foreign culrencyeamingwill increase. Moreover usageof this technologyconfirms 100%Agar formationin Aquilaria trees.This technologyalso ensures betterquality and more quantity of Agarwood and Agar oil than any othermethod/technology present. reduces time durationof harvesting. at It the InternetLinks. l) www.ther ai n-foestpr o-i ct.net r e 2) http://www..fao. g/docr ep/ 009/ a 09I 7e/A 09 I 7e08.hrm or 3) www fu estpathoIo grt. cfans.umn.edu/agarw ood.htm 4) www.scentedmount com ain. 5) www.cultivatedagarw ood.com Signature MohammedSarwarHossain. of --fiU.g***-hDDeL -@