4. Change in all forms, except nosotros and vosotros
4 kinds of boot verbs: O-UE, U-UE, E-IE, E-I
Almorzar O-UE
acostar Then endings remain the same for -ar , -er, and -ir
contar
costar Cuesto Costamos
devolver E-I I e pedir
dormir Cuestas Costáis
Servir
encontrar I e Pider
poder Cuesta Cuestan
Verb Endings decir
recordar I I
Ex: Costar
volver -AR -ER/-IR
O amos O emos/imos
As áis es éis/ís
A an e en
E-IE
U-UE
Querer ie e
Tener UE U
Comenzar ie e jugar
Empezar UE U
Despertar e ie
UE UE
5. Rule: to indicate destination Examples
Rule: to show the use or El hombre salió para Madrid.
purpose of a thing
El vaso es para agua.
Rule: to mean "in order to" or
"for the purpose of" Para hacer una paella, primero
dore las carnes.
Rule: to indicate a recipient
Este regalo es para ti.
Rule: to express a deadline or
specific time Necesito el vestido para el lunes.
Rule: to express a contrast Para un niño lee muy bien.
from what is expected
El tren está para salir.
Rule: "estar para" to express
an action that will soon be
completed
http://www.studyspanish.com/lessons/porpara.htm
6. Indirect Object Pronouns
Me nos
Te os The pronouns Le and les
can refer to different
Indirect Object
Tells to pronouns indirect objects. To
Le les whom/what or
replace or
clarify what that means
for whom/what accompany they are often
accompanied by a+
indirect objects.
name, noun, or pronoun
Le gusta mucho el baloncesto a Ana.
Rosa le compra un
olla a su madre.
El profesor les da examen a los alumnos.
7. Attach the pronoun to the infinitive
Attach the pronoun to a progressive
tense
Attach the pronoun to an affirmative
command
Place the pronoun before a conjugated
verb
8. Me gusta nos guta
Te gusta os gusta
Le gusta les gusta
When you want to talk about
things people like, change
Gustar matches the noun,
the form of gustar to match
not the speaker
the singular or plural nouns of
those things that people like.
Me gusta la idea nos gusta la idea Me gustan las enchiladas nos gustan
las enchiladas
Te gusta la idea os gusta la idea
Te gustan las enchiladas os gustan las
Le gusta la idea les gusta la idea enchiladas
Le gustan las enchiladas les gustan las
enchiladas
Singular Plural
9. I want something
Yo quiero algo.
Algo Something
Alguien Someone
Algún/Alguno(a) Some
Siempre Always
También Also
Can have double negatives in Spanish.
No+verb+negative word
No quiero nada.
Actual Translation :I don‟t want nothing.
English Translation: I don‟t want anything.
Nada Nothing
Nadie No one
Ningún/Ninguno(a) None, Not any
Nunca Never
Tampoco Neither, either
10. Equivalent in English to
extremely or very before
-isimo an adjective or adverb
-isimos
-isima
•The adjective must agree in gender and
-isimas number with the noun it modifies.
•Drop the vowel ending, not the consonant
ending.
When the last consonant is c, g, or
z spelling changes are required. Hamburguesa rica riquísima
C qu El examen difícil dificilísimo
G gu Chicos felices felicísimos
Z c Joven jovencísimo
-n, -r add cisimo/a Trabajador trabajadorcísimo
11. To describe people doing things for themselves. When the person is
me nos doing the action and receiving the action.
te os Many verbs can be used with or without reflexive pronouns. When
there is no reflexive pronoun, the person doing the action does not
receive the action.
se se
When you use the infinitive form of a reflexive verb after a
conjugated verb, be sure to use the correct reflexive pronoun. You
can also put the reflexive pronoun in front of the conjugated verb.
Example: I shave myself.
Yo me afeito. Not Reflexive: Livia lava el carro.
(Livia washes the car.)
Reflexive: Livia se lava.
(Livia washes herself.)
Quiero levantarme temprano.
(I want to get up early.)
Me quiero levantar temprano.
12. pronoun placement
Change the verb to second person and then you drop the „s‟. OR Change the verb to third
person.
When you use a pronoun with an affirmative command, the pronoun attaches to the
command.
When you add a direct object to the end of an affirmative command the pronunciation make
remain the same, so you must add an accent to the third vowel to the left.
Cruza el parque Do It!
¡Crúzalo! ¡Hazlo!
decir Di Change to second person and drop the „s‟ OR Change to third person
Hacer Haz
Ir Ve Caminar
Poner Pon Comer
Salir Sal Caminas
Ser Sé ¡Come!
Tener Ten ¡Camina!
Venir Ven
Irregular Affirmative
tú commands
13. irregulars pronoun placement
Put the verb into yo form
Change the vowel ending ar--e ; er/ir--a
Add „s‟
Object pronouns precede the verbs in negative commands,
just like with other conjugated verbs.
Hablar Hablo ¡No Hables!
Dar/decir No des Volver Vuelvo ¡No Vuelvas!
Ir No vayas
Ser No segas
Hacer No hagas
Estar Don‟t use it (the brush)
No estés
Saber ¡No lo uses!
No sepas
Tener No tengas
Venir No vengas
Irregular Negative tú
commands
14. Primero- Entonces-
First then
Los
lunes,etc.- Luego/despues
on Monday, - later/after
etc. Sequencing
Events
por la
mañana/tarde/noche-
in during the… Por fin-
last
Antes de/
después de-
Before/after
15. = past tense
Ar Er/Ir
í imos
E amos
iste
aste
Recordar
ó aron
ió ieron Recordé
Recordaste
Recordó
Hable escribí Recordamos
Hablaste Escribiste (Recordasteis )
Hablo Escribió Recordaron
Hablamos Escribimos
Hablaron escribieron
16. Trigger Words
One day- un día Once- una vez
Yesterday- ayer At night- a noche
A year ago- hace un ano Already- ya
Last month- el mes pasando Day before yesterday- anteayer
For one hour- por una hora Finally- por fin
At eight- a las ocho On Feb. 5th- el cinco de febrero
17. In order to preserve the sound of the infinitive, a number of verbs
change spelling in the preterite tense. The following changes occur in
the "yo" form only:
-gar qué -car qué -zar cé
colgar buscar almorzar
jugar clarificar autorizar
llegar clasificar cazar
pagar destacar comenzar
plegar empacar cruzar
regar justificar empezar
rogar practicar forzar
tragar sacar organizar
vagar tocar simbolizar
http://www.studyspanish.com/lessons/pret4.htm
18. Debo Debemos
Debes Debéis Use a conjugated form of
Deber with an infinitive
form of another verb
Debe Deben
Debo barrer el suelo.
Debes limpiar la cocina.
Debe sacra la basura.
19. Deber +
Infinitive
When verbs are
used in modal
verbs
combinations…
…The second verb Deber
Desear
is not conjugated
Necesitar
but rather left in Poder
the infinitive form. Querer
Saber
Soler
You would never
say “no puedo
nado”
20. -ar ando
-er/-ir iendo
When the stem of an –er or –ir
When you use Estoy Estamos verb ends in a vowel, change
the –iendo to -yendo to form
the present participle
pronouns with the
present
progressive you Estas Estáis
can put them in verb Irregular
one of two
Esta Están Present
places. In front of Progressive
the conjugated
form of estar or leer leyendo
attach them to oir oyendo
the end of the traer trayendo
present participle.
pedir pidiendo
E I stem changing
verbs have a vowel servir sirviendo
Estoy sacándolas para algo change in the stem.
muy importante. Some other verbs also decir diciendo
have a vowel change
Las estoy sacando para in the stem
Dormir Durmiendo
algo muy importante. Venir Viniendo
ir yendo
21. Irregular Adverbs
Mucho – a lot Muy – very
Mal – bad Bien – good/well
Ya – already Tan – so
To describe how
Demasiado – too Nunca – never
something is done, use Poco – little Peer- worse
adverbs. Siempre - already
Many adverbs in Spanish reciente recientemente
are made by changing Feliz felizmente
existing adjectives. Normal normalmente
When and adjective
ends in e, l, or z, simply
add –mente to the end. Lento lentamente
Tranquillo Tranquilamente
For adjectives with –o or
–a endings add –mente
to the feminine form When two adverbs modify the same verb,
only the second one uses the –mente
ending. Ex: lenta y tranquilamente
