Respiration in animals

1. Science
Indicator 2 – Third Term, 2017
Seventh grade
Boston International School

2. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
• Objective:To recognize the importance of the
Respiratory System in living things and the
necessary cares for its well function.
• Learning Objective: To identify the
characteristics and types of animals’
respiratory system to understand how animals
breathe in different environments.

3. Biblical Principle
• Psalm 150:6
“Everything that breathes, praise the LORD!
Praise the LORD!”

4. • http://www.softschools.com/quizzes/scienc
e/respiration/quiz731.html
• Online quiz about respiration with 10
questions to motivate the students and
review what they have learnt.

5. UNDERSTANDING HOW ANIMALS
BREATHE
Breathing is the physical action of taking air in to the
system and releasing gaseous waste.
All animals must exchange gases between themselves
and their environment on a continual basis.
There are four types of gas exchange systems:
• Integumentary exchange, which occurs through the
skin
• Gills, which exchange gases in water environments
• Tracheal systems, which are used by insects
• Lungs, which are found in land animals

6. Integumentary exchange
• The integument is the skin or surface of an animal.
Very small animals and a few larger animals that live in
moist environments use this type of gas exchange.
Worms are an example.
• Earthworms have capillaries right under their “skin.” As
the worms move through the soil, they loosen the soil,
which creates air pockets. The worms take in oxygen
from the air pockets and release carbon dioxide right
through their outer surface. However, to be able to
exchange gases directly with their environment,
earthworms must stay moist.

8. Going over gills
Animals that live in water have gills, which are
extensions of their outer membranes. The
membranes in gills are very thin (usually just
one cell thick), which allows gas exchange
between the water that flows over them.
Capillaries connect to the cells in the gills so
that gases can be taken in from the water and
passed into the bloodstream of the aquatic
animal.

10. Tracheal exchange systems
• Some insects have air tubes that open to the
outside of their body. This network of tubes is
called a trachea; the holes that open to the
outside surface are called spiracles. (In humans,
the trachea is a tube that carries air down into
the lungs.)
• In a tracheal exchange system, oxygen diffuses
directly into the trachea, and carbon dioxide exits
out through the spiracles.

12. • The lungs of land animals
• Lungs may be different shapes and sizes in
various land animals, but they function
essentially the same as they do in humans.

13. Reptiles and Amphibians
• Reptiles and amphibians have lungs and exchange
gases in the capillaries like mammals, but there are
some differences in how they ventilate their
respiratory systems.
• Reptiles don’t typically breathe the same way as
mammals, since many reptiles lack a diaphragm.
Reptiles use their axial muscles, the ones attached to
their ribs, to expand their ribcage for breathing. During
periods of intense activity, reptiles might be forced to
hold their breath, as they use those muscles for
running away.

16. • Some reptiles get around this by buccal
pumping while they run. Buccal pumping is
when an animal uses the muscles of the
mouth and throat to pull air into the lungs.
Throat muscles then pump and move the floor
of the mouth up in a way that’s visible from
the outside.

17. • This forces air out of the mouth and into the
lungs. This is what amphibians do, by puffing
up their chinny-chin-chins to get the air in.
Look at this frog's constantly moving throat .
• Apart from their capillaries, amphibians
perform gas exchange directly through their
skin. This works for them because their skin
has lots of blood vessels very close to the
permeable skin surface.

18. Class Activity
• Make a spider map in with you summarize
respiration in animals.