2. Heart Failure
• Ethics of readmission for elderly patients
• 75-85 years
• heart failure NYHA Class II-IV
• telephone support and discharge education
• The cost-effectiveness in healthcare
3. To help interveners having
suitable decisions
Respect for
persons
Addressing
conflict of Justice
interest
patients
Beneficence
Diversity & non-
maleficence
Integrity
4. Values of medical ethics
• Autonomy - the patient has the right to refuse or choose their
treatment.
• Beneficence - a practitioner should act in the best interest of the
patient.
• Non-maleficence - "first, do no harm".
• Justice - concerns the distribution of scarce health resources, and
the decision of who gets what treatment (fairness and equality).
• Dignity - the patient (and the person treating the patient) have the
right to dignity.
• Truthfulness and honesty –
5. • To meet patient expectations
• To address the health needs of the community
• To enhance the quality care
• To foster professionalism
• To improve the organization s culture and practices
6. What components make up
cost in healthcare?
• Direct costs
Medical: drugs, staff-time, equipment.
Patient: transport, out-of
pocket expenses.
Cost in
Productivity costs Intangibilities: healthcare
Pain, suffering…
7. Ethics in healthcare
• Ethical standards promote the aim of medical care to alleviate
suffering.
• Medical care is built on the communication between medical
workers on one side and patients and/or patients’ families on
another side.
• Ethical standards will help to build public support for medical
care.
• Health and medical care typically involve different medical
workers from a variety of disciplines.
8. Ethical Problems for Heart
Failure Patients
• Costs
• Unnecessary medical services
• Fees for medical services
• Balancing practice economics with patient need
- improving health along with financial realities of running a
hospital or health service
9. References
• Morgan, L., (2006). Hasting center report on Ethics of Quality
Improvement.
• Anne Mart Oostheizen, Silvia Pera, Dirk van der Wal. (2011).
(3rd ed). Ethics in Healthcare.
• Sheila, M., (2006). First do no harm: Law, Ethics & Healthcare.
• Batter, K. (2001). Ethics issues in advanced nursing practice.
Edinburgh: Elsevier science limited.
• LAO. Providing Constitutional and Cost-Effective Inmate
Medical Care. Taylor, M. Legislative Analyst. April 19, 2012.
• Brent C. James, M.D. (1989). Quality Management for Health
care delivery.
• Aastha , D. (2012). Ethical Issues in Healthcare.
http://www.buzzle.com/articles/the-importance-of-health-
ethics.html
10. References
• AMA. (1994). Opinion 6.05 - Fees for medical services.
Retrieved from http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/physician-
resources/medical-ethics/code-medical-
ethics/opinion605.page?
• WMA. (2006). WMA international code of medical ethics.
Retrieved from
http://www.wma.net/en/30publications/10policies/c8/
• AMA. (1994).AMA’s code of medical ethics. Retrieved from
http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/physician-
resources/medical-ethics/code-medical-ethics.page?
• Medellin, G. (2011). Balancing practice economics with patient
need. Retrieved from http://virtualmentor.ama-
assn.org/2011/08/ccas1-1108.html
11. Search Process
• Established the common ethical values and principles in
healthcare
• Applied these values to our problem
• Used academic data bases and government websites to direct
our searches
Principles that when followed, promote values such as trust, good behavior, fairness, and/or kindness.There is not one consistent set of standards that all companies follow, but each company has the right to develop the standards that are meaningful for their organization. Ethical standards are not always easily enforceable, as they are frequently vaguely defined and somewhat open to interpretation ("Men and women should be treated equally, " or "Treat the customer with respect and kindness."). Others can be more specific, such as "Do not share the customer's private information with anyone outside of the company."Read more: http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/ethical-standards.html#ixzz1tgTjPe55
