- Building codes are collections of laws and regulations adopted by governments to regulate building construction standards. They address health, safety and energy efficiency. Model codes like the International Building Code are developed by organizations and adopted by local authorities. - The presentation discussed introducing electric vehicle readiness requirements into building codes. This would help address barriers to EV charging access, especially at multi-unit dwellings. Definitions for EV-capable and EV-ready parking spaces were provided as examples of potential code language. - An overview was given of the VCI-MUD pilot project, which aims to demonstrate innovative EV charging technologies to help reduce costs and ease management challenges of installing charging infrastructure at multi-unit dwellings. Preliminary analysis of

1. EV-Readiness policy introduction and
VCI - MUD Pilot Project Overview
Eric Huang,
Program Manager
10/20/2020
Electric Vehicle Readiness and
Charging at Multi-Unit Dwellings
Photo @Dylan VanWeelden

2. ● Building Codes Intro
● Why EV-Readiness in Building Codes?
● Introduction to Preliminary Learnings from the
VCI-MUD Project
2
Today’s Topics:

3. What are Building Codes?
“Collection of laws, regulations, ordinances adopted by a government legislative authority
with the physical structure and health conditions of buildings and building sites”
● Who creates model codes?
○ ICC - Int’l Code Council
○ NFPA - National Fire Protection Association
○ ASHARE - American Society of Heating and Air-Conditioning Engineers
● What codes are there?
○ IBC - Int’l Building Code
○ IRC - Int’l Residential Code
○ IECC - Int’l Energy Conservation Code
○ NEC - National Electrical Code
3

4. Building Codes FAQ (Cont.d)
● Who adopts?
○ AHJs:
-Nations, States, and Provinces adopt codes recommended by the ICC
● How often are they updated?
○ Code cycles is generally 3-yr (ICC)
■ Code Development Committee, Code Change Proposal, Code Development
hearing, Call for Public Comment, Final Action Hearing
■ Code adoption cycle in U.S. States is also generally 3-yr (i.e. OR, WA)
4

5. 5

6. • Building codes are divided by
sections i.e.
• Building, Electrical,
Mechanical, and Plumbing
are common ones.
• Model Codes are developed by
specific agencies and adopted by
AHJs.
• The ability of each level to create
and enforce codes varies
depending on the local authority
Summary:
Building Codes

7. Why we care about building codes for EV?
● Access to charging is critical
○ MUD tenants have substantial barriers installing EVSE
○ Full circle: Residential, workplace, and public charging
● Building codes nowadays have energy efficiency requirements, which will free up
electrical capacity for the building to accommodate EV charging
● New buildings:
○ Last for decades
○ EV readiness is a technology-neutral
○ EV charging is a marketable amenity
○ Financially optimal comparing to retrofitting
7

8. Avoided Costs for EV-Ready Parking
8
(per space) Enclosed
2 EV-Ready
Space
Enclosed
6 EV-Ready
Space
Enclosed
12 EV-Ready
Space
San Francisco 1 $2,800 n/a $1,511
Oakland 2 $1,660 $890 $470
Source:
1. Plug-In Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Cost-Effectiveness Report for San Francisco. November 17, 2016
2. Plug-In Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Cost-Effectiveness Report, City of Oakland. July 20, 2016
3. ELECTRIC VEHICLE (EV) CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE: MULTIFAMILY BUILDING STANDARDS. Report. April 2018. Accessed January 2019.
https://arb.ca.gov/cc/greenbuildings/pdf/tcac2018.pdf
“An estimated $7,000 per parking space can be avoided with multiple installations of Level 2
charging stations. An estimated $8,000 per parking space can be avoided when an individual
Level 2 charging station is installed.” 3

9. What Building Code Language to adopt/propose?
9

10. Definitions
● EV-Capable Space:
○ Electrical panel capacity and space to support a minimum 40-ampere,
208/240-volt branch circuit for each EV parking space, and the
installation of raceways, both underground and surface mounted, to
support the EVSE.
● EV-Ready Space:
○ A designated parking space which is provided with one 40-ampere,
208/240-volt dedicated branch circuit for EVSE servicing Electric Vehicles.
The circuit shall terminate in a suitable point such as a receptacle,
junction box, or an EVSE for the EV parking spaces.
EV-Readiness Code:
10
EV-Capable
EV-Ready

11. EV-Readiness in Commercial and Residential New Developments
• EV-readiness amendments were passed in Jan. 2020
• Commercial:
• Minimum 2 EV-Ready spaces, 20% EV-capable, 208/240V 50-amp dedicated circuit
• Residential:
• At least one EV-Ready space at one or two-family dwellings;
• Multi-Family dwellings: minimum 2 EV-Ready spaces, 20% EV-capable, 208/240V 40-amp
dedicated circuit
• Latest update: ICC's Board invalidated the EV-ready and electrification-ready proposals ---- TBD
11
Recent Update on IECC 2018

12. • Project Overview
• Preliminary Results Overview
• MUD EVSE Innovative Technologies
VCI-MUD
Project Introduction
Photo @Dylan VanWeelden

13. 13
Project Objectives
• Engaging stakeholders to determine
the barriers with MUD charging
• Demonstrating innovative
technologies addressing the barriers
• Compiling project findings in a toolkit
• Disseminating the toolkit
Impact on Barriers
•Collect and analyze data on existing
MUD charging stations utilization
•Demonstrate technologies that
reduce MUD charging costs and ease
management barriers
•Create an outreach tool and engage
MUD owners, managers and
residents

14. Baseline Multi-Unit
Dwelling PEV Charging
Infrastructure Data
Analysis Review
Photo @Dylan VanWeelden

15. • Level 2 or above charging
• Charging that took place at or near
the MUD locations
• Charging station usage pattern
• MUD Decision-Making
• Barriers to MUD Charging
Implementation
Forth 15
What are we assessing in “Baseline Analysis”
Photo @Dylan VanWeelden

16. Final Analyzed Dataset
TO EDIT: View>Header&Footer>Apply to All | 04.07.2017 | Forth 16
Type EVSE
ports
Charge
Sessions
Total Collected 1,474 512,175
Outliers removed 432,863
MUD-Located 223 23,925
MUD-Supporting (L2) 12 2,699
MUD-Supporting (DCFC) 8 2,022

17. • Increasing annual usage
trends as expected
• 12.2 hour average session; 3.6
hours average charge duration
• Energy profiles similar for both
longer and shorter sessions
• Highlights opportunity to
increase utilization
MUD Charging | 09.22.2020 | Forth 17
PEV Charging
Session Summary
Data Analysis
MUD-Located

18. • Increasing annual usage
• 2.9 hour average session;
2.2 hours average charge
duration (incentivized to
move on after session)
• Shorter charge sessions
overall.
• Energy profiles similar for
longer and shorter
sessions
• Highlights opportunity to
increase utilization
18
PEV Charging
Session Summary
Data Analysis –
MUD-Supporting L2
MUD Charging | 09.22.2020 | Forth

19. MUD Decision-Making Process:
• Apartment Building – simpler process with owner and management ruling
• Condominium – complicated and political process of association mixed with local
jurisdictional complexities
Key Barriers Identified:
• Education and Awareness Barriers
• Financial Barriers
• Electrical Preparedness Barriers
• Building Physical and Design Barriers
19
Qualitative Baseline Data Aggregation and
Analysis
MUD Charging | 09.22.2020 | Forth

20. Project Outreach Interview Results
TO EDIT: View>Header&Footer>Apply to All | 06.07.2016 | Drive Oregon 20
Barrier
Number
of
Responses Descriptions and Examples
Information and
education
15
-Chicken-and-egg problem for PEV adoption and EVSE need
-Need proper information for building owners, managers, and HOA on features and benefits
HOA related 17
-Common area management
-Association approval difficulties and homeowner buy-in
-A few stalls far from electrical panel will be extremely costly
Parking limitation 15
-Deeded parking and limited parking spaces
-Parking garage or spaces far from electrical panel, increasing costs
Parking operation 8
-Drivers do not unplug when done charging
-Outside free-riders problem
Capital constraints 8 -Not enough funding and/or may need grants or incentives
Electrical related 12
-Older building may not have enough electrical capacity and require costly upgrades
-Distance of electrical panel from garage increases installation costs
-Potential need to conduct expensive load study
Cost of installation 14
-Installation cost of running electrical circuit and conduit for EVSE
-Installation cost for electrical panel or service upgrade
O&M ongoing cost 15 -Power management and network subscription fees
Network signal 4
-Weak cellular signal in garages
-Expensive to run internet cables and install Wi-Fi router or cellular repeaters

21. Innovative
Charging
Infrastructure
Technology Pilot
Demonstration Plan
Photo @Dylan VanWeelden

22. Finalized Innovative Technologies List
20
Finalized Innovative Technologies
List Finalized Innovative Technologies List
Electric Vehicle Institute Converted gas station to EV-only charging station
Xeal Energy EVSE scheduling/reservations, overstay notifications, adjacent session user
communication, billing, data collection (baseline + in-use), analytics
Cyber Switching + ampUp
(combined)
CyberSwitching EV Master Controller - Rotational charging (on/off) to
manage ≤4 EVSE on one electrical circuit.
EVMatch EVSE scheduling/reservations, overstay notifications, billing, data collection
(baseline + in-use), analytics
PowerFlex Systems Power Management System
OpConnect Smart Charging network service and equipment
MUD Charging | 09.22.2020 | Forth

23. Finalized Innovative Technologies List
20
Company Technology Solution
Liberty Plugins HYDRA Power Management System
ampUp SW control added functionality to non-networked
“dumb” stations (billing, data collection, analytics) for
shared EV charging spots (best) and dedicated spots
FreeWire Technologies
Portable power storage with Level-2 charging
capability
MUD Charging | 09.22.2020 | Forth

24. Pilot Demonstration Implementation
24
EVSE Utilization Data Analysis
• Collect / analyze system utilization data
• Summarize findings in case studies
Business Case Data Analysis
• Collect / analyze business case data (electrical service costs
[energy and power], charging infrastructure capital costs, monthly
service fees [MUD and users], monthly MUD revenue)
• Summarize findings in case studies
MUD Property Stakeholder Feedback Analysis
• Collect / analyze MUD property owner/operator and MUD
resident (PEV owner and non-PEV owner) feedback
• Summarize findings in case studies
MUD Charging | 09.22.2020 | Forth

25. Questions?
Photo @Dylan VanWeelden