Histology - Specialized Connective Tissues (BONE)
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This document summarizes key aspects of bone tissue. It describes the components of bone matrix, which consists of cells, fibers, and extracellular matrix made of type 1 collagen. Bone matrix also contains minerals like hydroxyapatite crystals that provide hardness, strength and durability. The document outlines the main cell types involved in bone formation and remodeling, including osteoprogenitor cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes and osteoclasts. It explains the two processes of bone formation: endochondral ossification and intramembranous ossification. Finally, it distinguishes between the two types of bone tissue: compact bone and spongy bone.
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Histology - Specialized Connective Tissues (BONE)
- 1. SPECIALIZED CONNECTED TISSUE: BONE Clara Corpuz Emsi Cipriano Jacob Dela Cruz
- 2. BONE TISSUE Bone Matrix: consists of cells, fibers and ECM made up of type 1 collagen Highly vascular + Mineral deposition: Bone → Calcified Bear more wt Withstand stress Provide attachment sites for muscles and organs Hematopoiesis Storage of Ca+2 and phosphate
- 3. BONE MATRIX Bone Matrix: consists of cells, fibers and ECM made up of type 1 collagen Organic components: sulfated glycosalmiglycans and hyaluronic acid → larger proteoglycan aggregrates Mineralization: Glycoproteins osteocalcin and osteopontin bind to calcium Sialoprotein binds osteoblasts to ecm through integrins of plasma membrane Inorganic components: Calcium + phosphate = hydroxyapatite crystals + collagen fibers = bone hardness durability strength
- 4. BONE CELLS Osteoprogenitor cells: undifferentiated, pleuropotential stem cells Osteoblasts: @ surface of the bone that synthesize, secrete bony matrix; active Osteocytes: mature form of osteoblasts; maintain the structural integrity of the matrix Osteoclasts: resorb bone during
- 6. PROCESS OF BONE FORMATION Endochondrial Ossification Intramembranous Ossification
- 7. Endochondral Ossification Hyaline Cartilage → Interstital and Appositional Growth → Chondrocytes divide and enlarge → Cartilage Calcify → diffusion of nutrients ↓ chondrocytes die fragmented → calcified matrix → Periosteum → osteoprogenitor cells (arise from endosteum) and bv invades → Osteoblasts Mesenchyme + Osteoblasts + Bv = Ossification center Long bones: primary ossification center in diaphysis → secondary in epiphysis → Osteoid Matrix → bone (x epiphyseal plate region)
- 9. INTRAMEMBRANOUS OSSIFICATION No cartilage forms the mandible, clavicles, and flat bones of the body Mesenchyme → Osteoblasts → osteoid → calcified → osteocytes w/ lacunae
- 10. Two Kinds of Bone Compact bone Spongy Bone
- 11. Spongy Bone Also called cancellous or trabecular bone No formal osteons Trabeculae Forms most of the structure of short, flat, and irregular bones, and the epiphyses of long bones.
- 12. Spongy bone (Trabeculae) Latticework of thin plates of bone oriented along lines of stress Contains red bone marrow (hemopoiesis) Found in ends of long bones and inside flat bones such as the hipbones, sternum, sides of skull, and ribs.
- 14. Red bone marrow in spongy bone
- 18. Two Kinds of Bone • Compact Bone • Spongy Bone
- 21. Compact Bone • The structural unit of compact bone is the osteon or Haversian system. • Each osteon is an elongated cylinder running parallel to the long axis of the bone. • It actually contains canals and passageways that provide access for nerves, blood vessels, and lymphatic ducts. • Each columns is made up of concentric rings or lamellae along the calcified matrix.
- 22. Concentric layers or rings along the calcified matrix. Tiny cavities inside the lamellae. This is the space where the osteocyte are found. It is the central canal that is surrounded by concentric lamellae. Tiny hair-like channels that are branching. Compact Bone
- 24. • Connects two Haversian canals. • Canals lie at right angles to long axis of bone. • Connect the vascular supply of the periosteum to those of the central canal and medullary cavity. Volkmann’s canal
- 27. REFERENCES Difiores’ Atlas of Histology 11th Ed. http://www.freezingblue.com/iphone/fla shcards/printPreview.cgi?cardsetID=2 66224 http://www.wisegeekhealth.com/what- is-spongy-bone.htm http://www.gla.ac.uk/t4/~fbls/files/fab/t utorial/generic/bone2.html
Notes de l'éditeur
- Main constituent of skeleton Bone matrix: contains organic and inorganic components where organic enable bones to resist tension and the mineral components enable bones to resist compression
- Calcium + phosphate = hydroxyapatite crystals + collagen fibers = bone hardness durability strenght
- Osteoprogenitor cells: located on the inner layer of periosteum and in the single layer of endosteum that lines the marrow cavities, harvesian system, and perforating canals. Perio and endo fxn: nutrition of bone and provide continous supply of new osteoblasts for growth remodeling and repair of bones During bone dev’t osp cells proliferate by mitosis and differentiate into osteoblasts than secretes the bony matrix Osteocytes: smaller than osteoblasts; trapped by the surrounding bone matrix produced by osteoblasts; one osteocyte in each lacuna; principal cells of the bone Osteoclasts: large multinucleated cells where removal and remodeling and repair of bone take place; located on howship’s lacunae
- Calcified Matrix- serves as structural framework for deposition of bony material Endosteum- lines internal cavities n bone; single layer of osteoprogenitor cells Osteoid Matrix- produced by osteoblasts mineralized into bone Epiphyseal Plate Region- growth continues and responsible for lenghtening bone until bone growth stops. Excepet in the free ends of long bones where a layer of permanent hyaline cartilage covers bone called articular cartilage
- forms the mandible, clavicles, and flat bones of the body bone development not preceded by a hyaline cartilage model, instead bone develops from condensation of CT mesenchyme to form an ossification center mesenchyme cells differentiate directly into osteoblasts that produce the bone matrix, called osteoid the bone matrix becomes calcified, osteoblasts become osteocytes within lacunae, and the process repeats resulting in production of layers of bone