pregnancy and homoeopathic management

1. Pregnancy & Homoeopathic
management
Compiled by : dr. endresh KATiyAr
b.h.m.s. m.d. (pGr)
emAil- endreshkatiyar@gmail.com

2. Development of the
Human Embryo

3. Developmental History of a
Human

4. Stages of Pregnancy andStages of Pregnancy and
DevelopmentDevelopment
• Fertilization
• Embryonic development – Cleavage
• Morula
• Blastocyst
• Implantation
• Fetal - Differentiation
• Growth – Development
•

5. FERTILIZATION
•Fertilization is the process of the fusion of
the spermatozoon with the mature ovum.
•Almost fertilization occurs in the ampullary
part of uterine tube.

6. FertilizationFertilization
• The egg is viable for 12 to 24 hours after ovulation
• Sperm are viable for 48 to 72 hours after ejaculation
• Sperm cells must make their way to the uterine tube for
fertilization to be possible

7. ZYGOTE
1. The sperm and egg join to form a zygote: the first cell of a new
individual.
2. Zygote results of the fusion of DNA from sperm and egg
3. Fertilization occurs in the Fallopian Tubes
4. The zygote begins rapid mitotic cell division
5. Beginning of human development

8. ZYGOTE
1. Still rapidly dividing
2. The zygote floats down from the fallopian tube and towards the
uterus
Thirty hours after conception
Size: no larger than the head of a pin only

9. CleavageCleavage
Cleavage is the mitotic division of cells in the early embryo.
First mitotic cell division by cleavage within 24 to 30 hours
after fertilization,

10. About 96 hours after fertilization.
This picture shows a MORULA, a solid
ball of 16 or more cells that
resembles a raspberry.
MORULA
CleavageCleavage

11. 1. A ball of more that 64 cells surrounding a fluid-filled
cavity (the blastocele)
2. Blastula is produced by the repeated mitotic division of a
zygote
BLASTULA
CleavageCleavage
Five days after fertilization

12. CleavageCleavage
ImplantationImplantation
1. The fastening of the embryo to the wall of the uterus is called
implantation
2. Implantation occurs 6 -7 days after fertilization
3. Implantation takes places in the endometrium of the uterus.
4. Blastocyst is called embryo
BLASTOCYST

13. The EmbryoThe Embryo
• The embryo is the developmental stage from the start of
cleavage until the 8 week of pregnancy.
• The embryo first undergoes division without growth
• The embryo enters the uterus at the 16-cell state
• The embryo floats free in the uterus temporarily
• Uterine secretions are used for nourishment

14. Gastrulation involves a series of cell migrations to positions where they will form
the three primary cell layers. 4 – 8 week of embryonic life,
•Ectoderm forms the outer layer. Ectoderm forms skin, hair, sweat glands,
epithelium, brain and nervous system.
•Endoderm forms the inner layer. The endoderm forms digestive, respiratory
systems, liver, pancreas, all bladder, and endocrine glands such as thyroid and
parathyroid glands.
•Mesoderm forms the middle layer. The mesoderm forms body muscles,
cartilage, bone, blood, reproductive system organs and kidneys
DifferentiationDifferentiation
GastrulationGastrulation

15. Development from Ovulation toDevelopment from Ovulation to
ImplantationImplantation

16. EMBRYO
0.5 cms
20 days after fertilization
•Embryo begins to form organs during the
third week.
•Cannot tell if it is human or other
vertebrate. Tall visible.
DifferentiationDifferentiation

17. The Zygote—Month 1
•Fertilized egg reaches the uterus and attaches itself to the
uterus.
•Cell multiplication begins
•Internal organs and circulatory system begins to form.
•Cell Division takes place and at the end of two weeks the
zygote is the size of a pin-head
•Heart begins to beat
•Small bumps show the beginnings of arms and legs
•Placenta develops, Mouth,lower jaw,and throat are
developing.

18. • Ears, nose and eyes not visible
• Small arm and leg buds, backbone seen
• Heart beats.
DifferentiationDifferentiation

19. The Embryo—Month 2
• At 5 weeks the embryo is ¼ inch long
• All major organ systems develop
• The placenta and Umbilical Cord develop
• Placenta- The tissue that connects the sac around the unborn baby
to the mother’s uterus
• Umbilical Cord- Tube that connects the baby to the placenta
• Brings the baby nourishment and oxygen from the mother’s
blood
• Takes away waster products
• Amniotic Fluid surrounds the baby
• Face, and limbs take shape

20. • During the second month most of the major organ systems form,
limb buds develop.
• Limbs distinct with fingers and toes bones begin to form, eyes far
apart.
• The embryo becomes a fetus by the seventh week.
DifferentiationDifferentiation

21. DifferentiationDifferentiation
• All organ systems are formed by the end of
the eighth week
• Activities of the fetus are growth and organ
specialization.
• About 6 weeks baby heart can be decected.
• After 8 weeks baby is called fetus instead of
an embryo.
Fetus at nine weeks
3 cm long

22. The Fetus—Month 3
•The fetus is about 1 inch long &weights about 1/30 of an
ounce.
•Nostrils, mouth, lips, teeth buds, and eyelids form
•Fingers and toes are almost complete
•Eyelids are fused shut
•Arms, legs, fingers, and toes have developed
•All internal organs are present—but aren’t ready to function
•The genital organs can be recognized as male or female

23. DifferentiationDifferentiation
•Beginning the eighth week, the sexually
neutral fetus activates gene pathways for
sex determination, forming testes in XY
fetuses and ovaries in XX fetuses.
•External genitalia develop.

24. The Fetus—Month 4
•Fetus is 3 inches long and weights 1 ounce,
•Your baby is covered with a layer of thick, downy hair called
lanugo.
•His heartbeat can be heard clearly.
•This may be when you feel your baby's first kicks.

25. GrowthGrowth
•Head enlarged, face has human feature.
•The fetus increases in size during this trimester, and bony
parts of the skeleton begin to form.
•Fetal movements can be felt by the mother..

26. The Fetus—Month 5
•The Fetus is about 6 inches long and weighs 4-5 ounce.
•A protective coating called vernix caseosa begins to form
on baby's skin.
•Hair begins to grow on baby head and eyebrows appear
•Organs keep maturing
•Fetus is very active
•The eyes can open and blink

27. Five Months
•The child can hear and recognize
her mother's voice. Fingernails
and fingerprints appear. Sex
organs are visible. Using an
ultrasound device, the doctor can
tell if the child is a girl or a boy.

28. The Fetus—Month 6
•The fetus is 8-10 inches long and weighs ½ to 1 pound.
•Your baby's lungs are filled with amniotic fluid, and he has
started breathing motions.
•If you talk or sing, he can hear you.
•Fat is starting to deposit under the skin

29. 6 Months

30. The Fetus—Month 7
•Fetus is 10-12 inches long and weighs about 1-2
pounds.
•Fetus is active and then rests.
•The baby now uses the four senses of vision,
hearing, taste and touch pain & light.

31. Seven Months

32. The Fetus—Month 8
•The fetus is 14-16 inches long and weighs 2-4 pounds
•Fetus has probably turned head-down in preparation for
birth.
•Fetus may react to noises with a jerking active.Baby is
kicking more,
•Most internal systems are well developed, but the lungs
may still be immature.

33. Eight Month

34. The Fetus—Month 9
•Fetus is about 17-18 inches long and weighs 5-7 pounds
•Skin is smooth because of the fat
•Baby’s movement slows down due to lack of room
•Disease fighting antibodies are taken from the mother’s blood
•Nails on fingers and toes completely formed

36. Uterine malformation
•A uterine malformation is a type of female genital
malformation resulting from an abnormal development
of the Mullerian duct during embryogenesis. Symptoms
range from amenorrhea, infertility, recurrent pregnancy
loss, and pain, to normal functioning depending on the
nature of the defect.

37. Absent uterus (Mullerian agenesis)
This is extremely rare. It happens when the vagina does
not form properly, or is very short. There may be a very
small uterus or none at all. This is usually picked up when a
girl doesn't start her periods.
•When the time comes, it can also make sex very
uncomfortable. The condition can be treated with surgery,
The only way for a woman with agenesis to have a baby is
by surrogacy.

38. : Unicornuate uterus (a one-sided
uterus).
A unicornuate uterus is half the size of a
normal uterus and there is only one
fallopian tube. It is a rare abnormality, It
develops in the earliest stages of life, when
the tissue that forms the uterus does not
grow properly. A unicornuate uterus, you
probably have two ovaries. Only one will
be connected to uterus, though. It is
perfectly possible to conceive. However, it
does put you at greater risk of miscarriage.

39. Uterus Duplex (double uterus).
This is when the uterus has two inner cavities.
Each cavity may lead to its own cervix and
vagina, so there are two cervixes and two
vaginas. It is uncommon, affecting about one in
350 women. It is possible to conceive if you
have this type of abnormality.

40. Bicornuate uterus
Instead of being pear-shaped, this type of
uterus is shaped like a heart, It is called a uterus
with two horns, because of its shape. It's
thought that fewer than one in two hundred
women in the general population have a
bicornuate uterus. It shouldn't affect your
fertility, but you have a higher risk of
miscarriage if you do conceive.

41. Septate uterus
This is where the inside of the uterus is divided
by a muscular or fibrous wall, called the
septum. About one in 45 women in the general
population have a septate uterus. Partial
septates are more common than complete
septates. A septate uterus may make it more
difficult for you to conceive and may increase
your risk of miscarriage.

42. Causes
•The exact causes for uterine anomalies are not
known, but it's generally thought that a combination
of genetic and environmental causes are
responsible. For example, a has been found in
women whose mothers took the drug
Diethylstilbestrol (DES) during their pregnancy.
Because few women with an irregularly shaped
uterus also have close relatives with the same
problem.

43. Incidence
•An incidence of uterine anomalies as low as
0.1% has been reported. Observations made at
the time of delivery indicate an incidence of 2 to
3%. The most common uterine anomalies are
the septate and bicornuate and double uteruses.
The unicornuate uterus is the least common
type.

44. Symptoms
•In many cases a uterine anomaly causes no problems and in
fact may remain until menstruation begins or pregnancy is
attempted. If a uterine anomaly such as bicornuate uterus
results in a rudimentary uterine horn with no outlet, menstrual
outflow will be obstructed. This can result in pain and/or a
mass similar to endometriosis that gets worse during periods.
A uterine anomaly may also be associated with dyspareunia
and reproductive problems. These include: Infertility, ectopic
pregnancy, recurrent miscarriage, premature delivery,
intrauterine fetal growth restriction, abnormal fetal
presentation – breech and transverse lies.

45. Diagnosis
•Pelvic exam
•Hysterosalpingogram
•Ultrasound
•MRI
•Laparoscopy
•Hysteroscopy

46. Treatment
•Many uterine anomalies can be corrected surgically in
case of difficulties. Metroplasty is most often used to
reshape the uterus. However, surgery is not indicated
in every case.
A combines laparoscopy and hysteroscopy. This
procedure greatly decreases the rate of miscarriage for
women with this anomaly.

47. HOMOEOPATHIC TREATMENT
Aconitum napellus
Great distress, moaning and restlessness; vulva, vagina and os dry, tender and
undilatable; patient full of anxiety and fear, will never pass through the ordeal of labor, is
sure to die; pains unnaturally violent and frequent, complains that she cannot breathe or
bear the pains; hot sweat all over
Arnica montana
Fatigue of uterus, great flushing of face and heat of head during each pain, the rest of
body being cool; violent pains to very little purpose; feeble pains, with constant desire to
change position; great soreness of back during labor, with too great sensitiveness to
pain; foetus lies crosswise, which makes the mother sore and restless, so that she feels
bruised all over.

48. Belladonna
Pains come on suddenly, with too quick bearing down, as if everything in the pelvis would be
ejected, and pains disappear suddenly; spasmodic contraction of os, which is hot, tender, red
and inclined to be moist (Acon., dry); os uteri thin and rigid (Gels., thick and rigid os); labor slow
and tedious, feels off and on only a pressure on sacrum; drawing pains from small of back to
thigh; hot face, throbbing headache; sensitive to noise, light, jarring of bed. Old maids in first
delivery, muscles rigid
Borax veneta
Labor pains dart upward, head of child goes back; spasmodic, more violent in stomach than in
uterus, accompanied by violent and frequent eructations; false labor-pains; oversensitive to
noise.
Caulophyllum thalictroides
Extraordinary rigidity of os; pains like pricking of needles in cervix; severe spasmodic
intermittent pains, without progress, from inharmonious action between fundus and cervix;
drawing in uterine ligaments; spasmodic pains, flying from one place to another, but not going in
the normal direction; nausea and spasmodic pains in stomach; patient so weak that she cannot
develop normal pains, or pains flag from long continuance and exhaustion; profuse secretion of
mucus from vagina; thirst and fever; false pains.

49. Causticum
Spasmodic labor-pains with sore, distressing aching in the back; inertia uteri with great
relaxation of the tissues and prostration, caused by debility from night-watching
China officinalis
Labor-pains cease from haemorrhage, cannot even have the hands touched during pain; atony
of uterus, digging, tearing pains in uterus; desires to be fanned and to have fresh air; fainting and
convulsions from loss of blood.
Chloroformium
No freedom from suffering between the pains; she complains much of her back or of extreme
pain and tenderness over whole abdomen; very restless; cannot find rest in any position, tosses
about and is very restless; protracted and severe labor from rigidity of os uteri; women subject
to convulsions during labor, complete paralysis of sphincter vesicae after labor.
Cimicifuga racemosa
False labor-pains a few days or even weeks before labor sets in; nervous chills in the first stage
of labor; spasmodic rigidity of os uteri; continuous tearing, distressing pains, during which the
uterus seems to ascend; pains fly from side to side (Lyc., from right to left)

50. Gossypium herbaceum
Lingering, almost painless labor, uterine contractions feeble and inefficient.
Hyoscyamus niger
Cold sweat, pale face, suffocating spells and convulsions during labor; facial muscles greatly
agitated; spasms with much nervous irritability.
Ignatia amara
Labor-pains with sadness; trembling and languor of limbs.
Lachesis mutus
Fainting during labor, lies as if dead from cardiac syncope, especially when she had been
previously sad and gloomy (Ign.).
Nux moschata
Pains false, weak; or spasmodic and irregular; drowsy, faint spells; pains slow, feeble or
suppressed; chilly, pale face; restless; amel. when moving about.
Phosphorus
Tall and slender women of phthisical habit, pains distressing and of very little use; very weak
and empty feeling in abdomen, sometimes with cutting pains.

51. Platinum metallicum
Contractions interrupted by painful sensitiveness of os uteri, of vagina and of external genitals;
labor-pains all on left side, painful, spasmodic, ineffectual; her thoughts horrify her.
Pulsatilla pratensis
Inertia of uterus (Arn., fatigue of uterus); pains slow, weak, ineffectual or spasmodic and
irregular, exciting fainting, wants doors and windows open, fears to suffocate; chilliness and pale
face; soreness of uterus and of abdominal walls (Ham.); it corrects malposition of the foetus by
stimulating the action of the muscular walls of the womb
Secale cornutum
Thin and scrawny women with sallow complexion; labor weak and uterus flabby; strength of
uterus weakened by too early or perverted efforts, sometimes a few weeks before regular labor
sets in; during labor prolonged bearing down and forcing pains in uterus; pains irregular, too
weak; feeble, distant or ceasing; everything seems loose and open, without action; fainting fits.
Sepia officinalis
Shuddering during pains, she wants to be covered; rigid os from induration (Natr. carb.) on neck
of uterus; shooting pains in cervix, extending upward; dyspnoea; weak feeling in abdomen.

52. Aletris farinosa
Prolapsus uteri from muscular atony; leucorrhoea from loss of fluids or defective nutrition;
debility from protracted illness; obstinate indigestion, the least food distresses the stomach;
fainting, with vertigo; extreme constipation, great effort being required to discharge faeces;
great accumulation of frothy saliva; sterility from uterine atony; heavy, dragging pains about the
hips; profuse, painful and premature menses; profuse leucorrhoea.
Petroleum
Applicable to all gastric troubles of pregnant women; vomiting of bile; aversion to fat food and
meat; aggr. when riding in carriage; dizziness and stupefaction after a slight meal; dimness of
sight; constant and profuse collection of fluid in mouth, with frequent spitting and nausea;
diarrhoea only in daytime.

53. THANK YOU