Structure An Essay

Structure and Agency Essay
Structure and agency are two theoretical terms used to explain the capacity at which we as people
are able to be individuals, and to what extent those influences limit our individuality. Structure refers
to the ways in which a society is organized. Agency refers to the behaviors and actions of the
individuals within the social structure. Agency is limited by the structure due to cultural barriers and
inequalities within the structure. In this essay, I will present an overview of why critical theorists
are concerned with those inequalities, and I will further identify the problems within the system
contributing to the unequal access to the public sphere, relating specifically to class and gender
inequalities. Society is highly...show more content...
As Habermas puts it "the relationship of the individual to the state has increasingly become one of
client or consumer services, rather than citizen" (Roberts & Crossley, 5). Due to the limited agency
(citizens' roles) within this sphere, we can conclude that the ongoing competition and negotiation
for a role in the public sphere ends with strictly dominant views. In such a monarchy, ordinary
citizens such as lower classes and women have limited input when debating politics among other
things. The ideal of a place where all opinions are counted, so to speak, fails to provide a sense of
individual identity. This is due to the fact that it is pre–destined by the state itself and then turned
back to the people– telling them what they will think about particular issues; shown especially
through the controlling lens of the media. According to Marx, those who have power over society
exert their control as a result of economic power and therefore determine the dominant ideologies
within the superstructure model. Being the greater economical and cultural barrier, the structure
provides the social world with norms, rules and beliefs pertaining to age, gender, class and one's
cultural identity. Within that structure it becomes apparent that inequalities restrict your agency in
terms of nationality, geographical location, class etc. In agreement with Marx, the dominant views
are generally the views of the superior class; the elite. One example
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Case Study: Purdue Owl
My third area of choice is essay organization. I have written many essays in my school years, but I
notice my organization of the body paragraphs may get confusing or mixed up. I even made a
paragraph with two different topics put together and cause a confusing to my essay. If I want to
improve on my writing, I need to know what I am doing wrong, and what can I do to fix it. I did
some research on essay organization and found numerous reliable sites on how to structure an essay
properly. However, I prefer Purdue Owl since it feels more trustworthy than the other sites.
According to Purdue Owl, in order to make an effective essay, my organization needs to have the
basics, introduction, body paragraph, and conclusion. In the introductory paragraph,

Essay about Organizational Structure
Organizational Structure
MGT/230
Chipotle's Organizational Structure
The reporting structure is a very important tool in an organization. This structure is a chart that
serves as a roadmap of management levels and positions. Every business has a chain of command
and it is structured uniquely, depending on the organization. The structure of an organization, if not
built correctly can destroy the organization just like a building with poor architecture. The blueprints
clarify and build a strong foundation in which to grow or build an organization. Chipotle is a
Mexican Grill Restaurant in the fast food industry that started out with one location in Colorado
back in 1993. Today it has just more than 1,400 locations in the United...show more content...
Dividing the organization into divisions based on the geographic region makes it possible for each
region to purchase their ingredients locally and organically. This divisional structure also allows the
company to evaluate and compare the regions.
This divisional structure is very different from that of others. A functional structure is organized into
departments according to the business functions. In this structure each department has its own
expectations and responsibilities, they are not like that of any other department, so the tasks in each
department are different from one another. In this type of structure each department is built with
individuals that have the skills and expertise in relation to that department. All 1,400 plus Chipotle
restaurants are owned by the same corporation. If this was not the case and some stores were
franchised out, then a network structure would need to be created. A network organization looks for
ways for tasks to be completed outside of the organization by outsourcing. A store that agrees to
license contracts and franchises with the company would be responsible for delivering and
completing the goals at the specific location; these business functions include management,
employment, product ordering, etc. Chipotle would be cutting a lot of cost and making money by
contributing little in return. This is the main reason an organization would choose a network type of
structure. The responsible party for the

Hospital's Organizational Structure Hospitals have organizational structures that allows them to
carry out their duties efficiently and successfully. What separates the organizational structure of a
healthcare organization from a business, essentially that the hospital 's organization is chiefly
founded on the amalgamation of medical and administrative staff (Carayon, et al., 2014). The
organizational structure of the twenty–first century solutions in health care hospitals involves, both
divisional and hierarchical structure. In the of the chain of command hierarchy, there are various
levels of professional's that fall under other levels within the facility, and each staff member is
organized in regards to departments that are related to their (KSA's) skills, attributes and job duties
(Carayon, et al., 2014). Hospital organization philosophies is based on development of values and
ethics, with the understanding on moral principles relating to human conduct. These systems are
comprised with the processes in decision making and determining the best actions to consider
between the difficult alternatives when pertaining to patient care. Administrative staff remains at the
top– level of the organizational structure, formulated of individual's that have ownership
(stakeholders) with the functions of operations in the healthcare facility. These important individuals
are accountable for the enforcement on policies and regulations, with ensuring the implementation
for public

The Structure Of The Brain Essay
Structure of the brain
The brain is made up of 4 main parts and they are:
в—Џthe cerebral cortex,
в—Џlimbic system,
в—Џthe cerebellum
в—Џand the brain stem
The cerebral cortex
The cerebral cortex is split into two cerebral hemispheres (the left and right hemispheres).
Sometimes the right hemisphere is related to creativity and the left hemisphere is related to logic
abilities. It is divided into four sections called lobes, the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe,
and temporal lobe. This is the largest part of the brain. The cerebral cortex is associated with
determining intelligence, influencing your personality, motor function, planning and organization,
processing sensory information and language processing. The cerebral cortex has sensory as well as
motor areas therefore it is responsible for processing sensory information and motor functionality
responses.
The frontal Lobe
The frontal lobe is the biggest lobe. It is involved in motor functions. The frontal lobe helps us to
make decisions as well as assisting to solve problems. It is also connected language and speech
functions. The frontal lobe is located at the front of that brain. It is also the biggest lobe in the brain.
The frontal lobe is the part of the brain that controls important intellectual skills, such as emotional
expression, memory and judgment.
Parietal Lobe
The parietal lobe is behind the frontal lobe and above the temporal lobe. It is responsible for
receiving and processing sensory information and

Task 01 1) Discuss different organization structures and identify the type of organizational structure
that do you thinks suitable for your selected organization?
Organizational structure Organizational structure is the way in witch an organization's activities
(job tasks) are divided, organized and coordinated. Organizational structure is the way in which and
work, authority resources of an organization have been divided among members.
Types of organizational structure в–Є Entrepreneurial structure в–Є Bureaucratic structure в–Є
Matrix structure
Entrepreneurial structure
Most organizations start life as an entrepreneurial structure in that...show more content...
A useful example is retail banking or the work of building societies. Here the operations have to be
standardized, not only in all branches of the same bank but also between competing banks, so that
customers find the system easy to deal with. The work of bank clerks and, in a different way, bank
managers requires knowledge, skill and accuracy, but it must be carried out strictly in accordance
with the rules and there is little scope for individuality apart from one's manner in talking with
customers and manual dexterity in counting banknote. Bureaucracy provides scope for economies of
scale and extensive specialization at the expense of flexibility and product innovation. Their
predictability provides a secure environment for the employee and a clear line of safe career
progression.
Chief Executive
The matrix structure
As the entrepreneurial and bureaucratic structures have such obvious drawbacks, a third general
mode has been evolved and used IV some situations: the matrix. The method is simply to overlay a
second set of hierarchical connections over a first, but at right–angles to it. This was first developed
in the American aerospace industry because of government demands for a single project manager
who would be responsible for the progress of each government contract and to whom government
officials could channel all their queries and instruction. Companies

Essay about Organizational Structures
Introduction
McShane and Von Glinow state that "the best organizational structure depends on the organization's
external environment, size, technology, and strategy" (409). To identify the best organizational
structure for ProtegГ© Engineering, I will first determine what 'Organizational Structure' means. In
a second step I will analyze its elements and carve out the important components for the considered
organization. Finally I will provide a conclusion and recommendation. Organizational Structures
In general, organizational structure is related to the way that an organization organizes employees
and jobs, so that its work can be performed and its goals can be met. McShane and Von Glinow
define 'Organizational Structure' in...show more content...
We can admit that informal communication is necessary in no routine and ambiguous situations
because employees can exchange large volume of information through face–to–face communication
and other media–rich channels. Therefore informal communication is important for ProtegГ©
Engineering because their work involve new and novel situations when developing specific solutions
for each client. Even if informal communication is difficult in large firms it can be possible when
keeping each production site small (McShane and Von Glinow 388). Now, that we identified what
organizational structure means, and that informal communication is necessary for ProtegГ©
Engineering, we need some more information of how structures differ from each other. McShane and
Von Glinow state that "every company is configured in terms of four basic elements of
organizational structure"; namely: span of control, centralization, formalization, and
departmentalization (390). Further on, I will explain these four elements and carve out what this
means for ProtegГ© Engineering.
The span of control "refers to the number of people directly reporting to the next level hierarchy"
(McShane and Von Glinow 390). Today's research found out that a wider span of control (many
employee directly reporting to the management) is more appropriate especially for companies with
staff members that coordinate their work mainly through standardized skills and do not

Introduction
The influence of factors on organizational structure and their impact on the organization has been in
focus by researchers since many years. This paper reviews the literature and analyses the factors that
influence the structure and design of organizations. Organizational structures are mainly grouped as
functional and divisional structures on the basis of functions or jobs. The most important and
powerful tool for enhancing performance in an organization is the organizational design although
there is no perfect or unique design. Organizational change occurs when a company makes a shift
from its present state to a desired state, which is necessary in today's competitive environment.
Organizational structure is the network of job...show more content...
The factors that contribute to development of an organization include its size, technology human
resources, production program and environmental requirements. The role of political environment is
also stressed. For effective and also efficient utilization of resources, designing an ideal
organizational structure is important. Some of the factors that affect the organizational structure are
decentralization of decision making, customer interaction, value of innovation and marketing
considerations. They can be grouped into two factors: internal that was from environment under the
firm's control and external, that were not under the control of the firm. Today, companies require
undergoing changes almost constantly to remain competitive. Globalization of markets and rapidly
growing technology force organizations to respond in order to survive. The ultimate competitive
organizational structure should be a flexible one and the design should influence competitive
strengths. The best practice would be one that draws upon the knowledge, experience and expertise
of people in the

Mg/561 Organizational Structure
Date: January 18, 2013
To: MG 561 Class
From: Jessica Rushing
Subject: "Organizational Structure"
Introduction:
Organizational structure provides the framework of an organization determining how roles and
responsibilities are delegated throughout the different levels of the organization. It has been defined
by some as the looking glass through which coworkers see their organization and its surrounding
environment while others have described structure as the backbone of the organization. In this memo,
I will briefly discuss the importance of organizational structure, give examples of some major
organizational structures, and provide factors influencing the choice of organizational structure.
Importance of Organizational...show more content...
For organizations which produce standardized goods and services, a functional service is beneficial.
Within this structure, employees perform very specialized tasks (Naoum, 2001). For example, an
engineering department would be staffed with only software engineers. Divisional structures, also
known as product structures, groups each function into a division. Automobile industries typically
use this divisional structure. Within this industry, divisions may include: SUVs, subcompact cars,
and sedans. Although not discussed in detail in this memo, other organizational structures include:
organizational circle, team, network, lattice, and virtual ("Organizational Structure", 2013).
Factors influencing the choice of Organizational Structure
The following factors can affect the type of structure which an organization may use: strategy,
characteristics, management, operation, and environment. Strategy is the most important factor
influencing type of structure. According to Phillips and Gulley in their book Organizational
Behavior: Tools for Success, higher performance will be achieved if structure and strategy are
directly related). Organizational characteristics include the age and size of the organization. If the
organization is small, there is less need for formal structure as communication

Essay On Business Structure
When brainstorming to start a business, it is essential to research the most efficient way to start a
company and all the liabilities that can happen. Business can become successful with the right
person in place and a unique idea. When making a company, it is crucial to determine the structure,
which organization to start with and the liability that is involved. When taking a closer look at five
different company structures Sole Proprietorship, General Partnership, Limited Partnership, S/C
Corporation, and Limited Liability. Which have not honored the contract and are at risk for legal
actions. The various liabilities between each owner will be discussed. Which will analyze ways to
limit liability and display my future business...show more content...
Now, A partnership is formed between two individuals and the agreement should be in a contract
form or writing. The next two types that are discussed are general partnership and limited
partnership. Silverbrand (2008) stated Partnerships are the primary form of business which larger
companies begin (p.167). Partnerships are simple to start, no required registration only within
certain states, and can end quite rapidly. A general partnership is where each partner is equal to
liability or any litigation consequences. In a limited partnership, the liability is limited equal to the
amount the limited partners at first invested. In fact, sometimes limited partners do not make
business decisions but, own stock within the company. Basically, an LLC, with its hybrid nature,
"provides owners...with the limited liability protection of a corporation, but without the potential
for double taxation" (Jordan & Clark, 1197). The income created from a general partnership of a
business is taxed as income earned by the person working for a different company. When starting a
partnership it is best to discuss the amount of liability that each partner is responsible for. Which,
will help when looking at the type of litigation described.
The most recognized companies are Corporations and LLC's. According to Sonderquist (2000)
Corporations are similar to limited partnerships

Polymers have different structures. They also have different functions. Describe how the structures
of different polymers relate to their function?
Polymers a large molecules made up of a chain of smaller molecules, known as monomers. The
monomers that a polymer is made up of decide its structure and therefore it's function. These
monomers are linked and coiled in a very specific manor giving the polymer a specific tertiary
structure (an extensively coiled and linked polymer chain caused as a result of the formation of
more bonds forming). This tertiary structure is crucial to the function of a polymer as it denotes the
necessary shape of the complementary molecule. This is easier explained through an example.
An example of a...show more content...
Haemoglobin is just one of the many possible forms and functions of a protein polymer. They all
have different structures, which makes them specialised to carry out a particular function. For
example enzymes. They are roughly spherical in shape due to the tight folding of the polypeptide
chains. Enzymes play important roles in most biological processes, in particular metabolism and
synthesis. The tertiary structure of an enzyme is of particular importance to its function and a slight
change in the chain sequence and therefore it's shape can result in it becoming inactive. Enzymes
work by combining with a substrate to form an enzyme–substrate complex, the substrate is then
broken down and released. Each enzyme has a particular substrate that is can breakdown, this will
be the substrate with the complimentary structure to that of the active site of the enzyme. For
example starch is only broken down by amylase. As the shape of the active site depends on the
shape of the polymer shape so does the over all function of the enzyme.
Antibodies are involved in the immune response. They're made up of two light polypeptide chains
and two heavy polypeptide chains bonded together. Antibodies have a variable region which acts in
a similar way to the active site of an enzyme. Each antibody has a variable region that is the
complementary shape for a particular antigen and

Chartism was a working–class political movement calling for the extension of the franchise that
emerged in the mid–1830s. Motivated by a sense of 'betrayal' by the actions of the Whig government
and the impact of a deep economic depression between 1837 and 1842, it saw political reform as
essential if the living and working conditions of working people were to be improved. The power of
the spoken and written word played a central role in Chartism and the foremost demagogue of the
movement was Feargus O'Connor, whose rhetoric in all its ambiguity and exaggeration was
published in his newspaper, The Northern Star. His speech at York, reported in the Star on 6 July
1839, was in favour of a motion that: "every male adult of the kingdom...show more content...
The campaign for democratic reform began around the Battle of Waterloo and fluctuated
alongside economic pressure. In 1838, the democratic reform was reborn as 'Chartism'. Chartism
became a national political movement, a group of people working together to achieve a political
goal, and was one explanation for the support of Chartism. The creation of the 'People's Charter'
(1838), incorporated the principles of Cartwright, proposing all that the poor and working class
desperately needed. Chartism gave the people a voice and with that voice, gave the solutions they
sought. One answer to people's woes was addressed by the speaker of the extract, which was, "a fair
day's wage for a fair day's work". FLOW The motion favoured at this meeting was Universal male
suffrage – i.e. all adult males over 21, of 'sound mind'...not undergoing punishment for crime, should
have the vote...'. QUOTE ASS BOOKLET Although this was a radical step, they omitted to go
above the hierarchical nature of British society at the time and include the vote for women. Women,
'seldom spoke on public platforms' (Thompson, 1984, pp 120–1, RB, pg 39), however, Lovett,
amongst other Chartists, were in agreement that women should have the vote.
There are two separate economic issues within Chartism though O'Connor and addresses both. First,
there was the issue of the 'Old Corruption', a radical concept that

Write A Well-Organized Essay
How to Write a Well–organized Essay
The issue of how to write a well–organized Essay is of great concern for three steps. The major
concerns of the three steps are included introduction, body of explain mainly statement, and finally
conclusion.
The first section of an article is introduction. At this stage the writer have to stat mainly ideals in
limited number of words. Leading the reader to realize there are many issues will be discussed at
following essay.
After a simply and shortly begging, the heart of an article is body of explain mainly statement. At
this parts writer must ponder over, and figure out logical and comprehensive outline to ensure thesis
statement are expressed clearly and smoothly. Then use maybe two or three paragraph

Livanage, Champika, Egbu, and Charles (2005) states that "Donabedian (1980) cited in Long and
Harrison (1985) argues that the evaluation of the quality of health service involves the functional
relationship of structure inputs, process, and outcomes." They also stated that the characteristics of
structure can potentially affect the care process ultimately affecting the care outcome. In this article
it they also revealed that the relationship between structure, process and outcome that quality can't
be achieved by one domain but all of them play a major role in healthcare quality (2005).
According to Shi and Singh (2015) structure, process and outcomes are closely linked as stated
earlier. In order to have a good process the structure must

Declaration of Independence Living in the 1700's difficult times were most probable of
happening. During that time period, America was all over the place both good and bad. Late
1700's we had "bad beef" with Great Britain. We had the Revolutionary War, Boston Tea Party, and
many other conflicts having to do with them. Which caused them to think coming into our place
thinking it is theirs by raising taxes on tea and stamps? After years, the U.S. became really tired of
all the wars and their mistreating actions toward our people. The U.S. made a treaty with our
founding fathers to Great Britain and is still named till this day the Declaration of Independence. It
says in the Declaration; "We hold these truths to be self–evident that all men are created equal; that
they are endowed by their creator with certain enailienable rights; that among these are life, liberty
and the pursuit of happiness." America, would have never had liberty or happiness if Britain kept
running us as they were. If it were not for the Declaration of Independence, we would not have been
able to keep all our working...show more content...
The U.S. would never workout if it was a monarchy mostly because we are the country that we
come for freedom that citizens want more than what people want for them. Our mother country,
Great Britain, is doing fine right now, but being in a monarchy such as them it would not change at
all considering your making the same decisions as your ancestors. Which the country would like a
change and other people might have better ideas on how to run the country better. More ideas and
more money ideas because in reality the world runs around with money. The Declaration of
Independence saved us from becoming a monarchy and having the same traditional things and fights
for the same thing. Not all bad come from monarchies though. There come good in

Atom Essay
Atoms
Atoms are the building blocks of matter. Everything around us is made up of atoms. The atom is
more than a million times smaller than the thickness of a human hair. The smallest speck that can be
seen under an ordinary microscope contains more than 10 billion atoms. Even though atoms are
incredibly tiny, they are made up of even more minute particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons.
These are called subatomic particles. Each element has a definite number of subatomic particles,
which make up the center of the atom, called the nucleus.
The proton, a subatomic particle that carries a positive charge, is made up of 3 quarks. The proton
is one of few particles that are stable alone. Protons positive...show more content...
The other two fundamental forces, gravitation and the weak nuclear force, also affect the proton.
Gravitation attracts things with mass to each other. The weak nuclear force is a feeble force that
governs how some particles break up into other particles.
The neutron, which is an electrically neutral particle, is roughly the same mass of a proton. The
neutron and proton are tightly bonded together in the nucleus of the atom. Each atom usually
contains about as many neutrons as protons, but different atoms of the same element may have
different numbers of neutrons. All four fundamental forces of nature also affect electrons. Because it
has mass, it is affected by gravity. Although the neutron has no electrical charge, it is slightly
magnetic, so it has an electromagnetic force. The neutron is also affected by the strong nuclear force
and the weak nuclear force.
The electron, which forms the other layer of the atom, has a negative charge. The electron's negative
charge is –1.602 x 10^–19 coulomb, and has a mass of 9.109 x 10^–31 kg. The electrons are equal
in number to the protons in the atom, balancing the electrical charge of the nucleus. The atom's
electrons orbit around the nucleus of the atom. The greater amount of energy the electron has, the
further away from the nucleus it will be.
The subatomic particles work

The Respiratory System Essay
The respiratory system is the process responsible for the transportation and exchange of gases into
and out of the human body. As we breath in, oxygen in the air containing oxygen is drawn into the
lungs through a series of air pipes known as the airway and into the lungs. As air is drawn into the
lungs and waste gas excreted, it passes through the airway, first through the mouth or nose and
through the pharynx, larynx and windpipe – also known as the trachea. At this point it then enters
the lungs through the bronchi before finally reaching the air sacs known as alveoli. Within the lungs,
through a process known as diffusion, the oxygen is transferred to the blood stream through the
alveoli (air ducts) where it is then transported inside...show more content...
Within the alveoli, the oxygen is transferred to the blood whilst simultaneously collecting waste
carbon dioxide for excretion as we breath out. This transference is known as diffusion and is linked
to the cardiovascular system.
Diffusion is an automated process by where the levels of oxygen, water and carbon dioxide pass
over a 'semi–permeable membrane' between the walls of the cells and blood vessels to create a level
environment. This membrane only allows these three elements to pass whilst retaining other
elements such as blood cells, hence semi–permeable. The high concentration on one side of the cells
transfers through this membrane until the level is equal on both sides.
The human body comprises of two respiratory sponges called lungs. The left lung is slightly smaller
than the right as it makes room for placement of the heart. Due to this slightly smaller size, it only
contains two lobes whereas the right lung has 3 lobes. Both lungs are host to the network of air sacs
or alveoli which transport the air from the outside environment to the external and internal respiration
processes.
As we breathe in, the muscles in the chest wall force the thoracic area, ribs and connective muscles
to contract and expand the chest. The diaphragm is contracted and moves down as the area inside
the chest increases as air enters the lungs. The lungs are forced open by this expansion and the
pressure inside the lungs becomes enough that it pulls

The Structure Of An Organization Essay
STRUCTURE
The structure of an organization, along with its policies and procedures, has a direct impact on how
an organization operates and how well it will perform. The structure of an organization describes
how a company is organized. This may include roles, responsibilities, authority chains and
relationships. Facilities Management is headed by Vice President Kevin Freeman under the
immediate direction of Assistant Vice President Mark Rodolf. The management team of Facilities
Management includes the Assistant Vice President, the Physical Plant Director and Assistant
Director, an Assistant Director of Facilities Operations, and the Director of Architectural and
Engineering Services. The management group is solely responsible for deriving, articulating,
communicating and implementing the vision and direction of Facilities Management. Three
separate divisions comprise Facilities Management: Architectural and Engineering Services, the
Physical Plant, and the business team. Figure 2 represents the Facilities Management organizational
chart as of November 2016.
Architectural and Engineering Services is a sole entity that employs eight team members. The
Physical Plant is made up of seven different shops: carpentry, electrical, landscaping/turf
management, motor pool, paint, plumbing and recycling/setup. The business team includes material
supply, campus mail, inventory and receiving, as well as the finance team.
The structure of Facilities is four levels deep. A

My Family Structure
I grew up in a nuclear family. There are four people in my family, consists of my father, mother,
my sister and me. My father is 62 years old. He's working as a insurance agent. My mother is 10
years younger than my father. She used to work as a store manager before she gave birth to me.
She quitted her job in order to take care of me and my sister because she believes that the mother
daughter bond can grow stronger day by day by spending time with us. My sisters and I are four
years apart. She is currently studying in Tsun Jin Independent School. Even though we fought a lot
growing, got mad at each other, but she is still my one and only sister and that's all that matters. I
think is normal for siblings to fight despite the age difference...show more content...
I am also aware of my role as a student, studying and doing the best I can to score in my exams so
that in the future I may provide a higher living standard to my family. For my sister, apart from also
being a student like myself, she basically carries the role of the helper at home. Unlike myself, she
spends a lot of time at home with mom while I'm out doing assignments and juggling college life.
By spending a lot of time at home, she spends more time with my mom, helping her with house
chores. With all these roles, comes rules as well, my parents have always given my sister and I
curfews. It is understandable because of all the crime rates shooting sky high these days, our parents
just wants us to be safe. Another important rule set by my parents is that all family members must
have dinner together. This is so that all of us can have our bonding time as a family. Communication
is the knot that ties it all and it is no doubt the most important thing needed in any kind of
relationship. For my family, the communication methods that we practice are pretty much very
decent. My parents, after years and years of being together, they can understand each other very
well. They can understand each other without even saying a word, just a face expression would do.
My parents communicate differently as compared to when they communicate with my sister and
myself. This is because of the hieratical

Management Planning Essay
The best way to understand the meaning of planning in the perspective of scientific management,
is to follow Taylor (1998, p.17): "The work of every workman is fully planned out by the
management at least one day in advance, and each man receives in most cases complete written
instructions, describing in detail the task which he is to accomplish, as well as the means to be
used in doing the work. And the work planned in advance in this way constitutes a task which is to
be solved, as explained above, not by the workman alone, but in almost all cases by the joint effort
of the workman and the management. This task specifies not only what is to be done but how it is to
be done and the exact time allowed for doing it"....show more content...
Assuming a correct execution of the task by the worker, the efficiency of the final result depends
heavily on the planning activity. That explains the vision of Taylor that in performing any activity
there is always one best way, and the task of management is to find this one best way to do the
task (Taylor, 1998). Henry Fayol enriched the meaning of planning by considering it one of the five
basic functions of management, at the company level. Changing the level of operation changes the
span of time, from several days to several months, up to one year. Planning became a complex
process which integrates at the level of organization all activities plans, and is based on the whole
company resources and objectives. Yet, planning remains a deterministic process, implemented as a
definite way to perform all activities related to the given objevtives.
The planning process
Planning is a process which integrates activities for setting objectives, specifying how to achieve
them, implementing the plan and evaluating the results (Boddy, 2005; Robbins and DeCenzo, 2005).
Objectives are definite formulations of goals, which reflect desired future states of the organization.
Goals act as attractors for the whole energy and creativity of the organization, and it is the role of
management to design plans in order to attain them. A plan is a written document which contains
one or more

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