Hydro power potential in India, small hydro power, installed capacity, Development of hydro power

1. Hydro Power in India
Industry Information Insights 2014
EnergySector.in

2. Table of Contents
Executive Summary
3
Introduction
4
SHP As Renewable Energy
5
Hydro Power Potential in India
6
SHP Installed Capacity
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Hydro Power Development
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3. Executive Summary
Small Hydro Power Programme is one of the thrust areas of power generation from renewable in the Ministry of New and Renewable (MNRE).
It has been recognized that small hydro power projects can play a critical role in improving the over all energy scenario of the country and in particular for remote and inaccessible areas.
The Ministry is encouraging development of small hydro projects in the state sector as well as through private sector participation.
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Hydro Power Potential (Total): 1,48,701 MW
Installed Capacity (Above 25 MW): 39491.40 MW
SHP Installed Capacity (Below 25 MW): 3632.27 MW
SHP Potential: 19,749.44 MW
At present, the largest capacity hydro electric plant is a run of river Naptha Jhakri Hydro project of 1500 MW in Himachal Pradesh.

4. Introduction
Out of the total power generation installed capacity in India of 2,23,868 MW (April, 2013), hydro power contributes about 17.5% (39,491 MW).
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Hydro power projects are categorized in two segments
1.Small Hydro Projects (SHP)
2.Large Hydro Projects
While Ministry of Power, Government of India deals with large hydro power projects, the responsibility of small hydro development rests with Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE).
In India, hydro projects up to 25 MW station capacity have been categorized as SHP projects.
12th Plan Objectives
A capacity addition of 88,000 MW is envisaged from different conventional sources during 2012-2017 (the 12th Plan), which includes 10,897 MW from large hydro projects.
Thermal 68%
Nuclear 2%
Hydro 18%
RES 12%
Source-wise Installed Power Generation Capacity

5. Role of Renewable Energy
Small Hydro Power
SHP has about 13% share of total renewable energy installed capacity in India.
As of March 2013, India had an installed power generation capacity of 223.34 GW, of which renewable energy sources accounted for 27.54 GW.
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Thermal 68%
Nuclear 2%
Hydro 18%
RES 12%
Source-wise Installed Power Generation Capacity
Wind Power 68%
Small Hydro Power (SHP) 13%
Biomass Power 5%
Bagasse Cogeneration 8%
Waste to Power 0%
Solar Power (SPV) 6%

6. Hydro Power Potential
Small Hydro Power
The estimated potential of small hydro (up to 25 MW station capacity) in India is of about 20,000 MW of which about 3632 MW has been exploited.
6,474 potential sites with an aggregate capacity of 19,749 MW have been identified.
Electricity generation from small hydro has become increasingly competitive with preferential tariffs. The challenge is to improve reliability, quality and reduce costs. The focus of the SHP programme is to lower the cost of equipment, increase its reliability and set up projects in areas which give the maximum advantage in terms of capacity utilization.
The aim is that out of the total grid interactive power generation capacity that is being installed, 2% should come from small hydro.
Total hydroelectric power potential in India is assessed at about 1,50,000 MW, equivalent to 84,000 MW at 60% load factor.
Maximum potential is in the state of Arunachal Pradesh. It has 33% of total hydroelectric potential of India.
Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand and Jammu & Kashmir also have significant potential.
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50328
18820
18175
14146
47232
Arunachal
Pradesh
Himachal
Pradesh
Uttarakhand
Jammu &
Kashmir
Others
MW

7. SHP Installed Capacity
Total small hydro power generation installed capacity stands at 3632 MW as on fiscal ending March 2013., with 966 projects.
Karnataka tops in SHP capacity with 963.76 MW (140 projects) followed by Himachal Pradesh, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh and Uttarakhand.
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A capacity addition of 30,000 MW is envisaged from renewable energy sources with 2,100 MW from small hydro up to 25 MW station capacity.
In the financial year 2012-13, against the target of 350 MW, 237 MW of small hydro power projects were commissioned. In any year, maximum capacity was added in 2010-11 with 308 MW.
80 174 13 121 149 205 249 305 307 352 237
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
MW
Annual Target vs. Capacity Addition for SHP
Target (MW)
Capacity Addition (MW)

8. Hydro Power Development
Till Independence (1947), India had an installed capacity of 1,362 MW, which included 508 MW hydropower projects, mainly small and medium size projects.
In late 80’s, it was realized that the development of SHP potential has remained largely untapped as the focus was on large-scale power generation.
In order to provide focused attention to small size projects, the subject of small hydro was brought under the purview of renewable energy.
While in early 90s, most of the small hydro power projects were set up in the public sector, from last 10 years or so, most of the capacity addition is now coming through private sector projects. Beginning of the 21st century saw near commercialization in the small hydro sector.
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India has a history of more than 110 years of hydropower. The first small hydro project of 130 kW was commissioned in the hills of Darjeeling in 1897. This marked the development of hydropower in India.
The Sivasamudram project of 4500 kW was the next to come up in the Mysore District of Karnataka in 1902, for supply of power to the Kolar gold mines.
Following this, there was number of SHPs set up in various hilly areas of the country.
Small Hydro Projects Classification
Class
Station Capacity in kW
Micro Hydro
Up to 100
Mini Hydro
101 to 2000
Small Hydro
2001 to 25000

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