1. ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION 2. TYPES OF COMMUNICATION ACCORDING TO SENSES. 3. TYPES OF COMMUNICATION ACCORDING TO THE PEOPLE INVOLVED

2. 1. 8 ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION 1.SENDER : the person who transmits a message, the subject of the communication 2. RECEIVER : the person who receives the message. 3.MESSAGE : the content of the transmission. Some times it can be distorted for multiple reasons; that is why we have to try to transmit messages in a positive way even though their content is negative. Ex1. Positive way: “we will find a solution to your problem.” Negative way: “Your problem has no solution.” Ex2. Positive way: “you won’t loose anything trying to do it.” Negative way: “anything you do will be useless.”

3. 4. MEDIUM or CHANNEL :this is the instrument we use to establish communication. i.e. radio, tv, internet, etc. 5. NOISE, OBSTACLES, BARRIERS : something or someone that makes communication unsuccessful or impossible. I.e interferences when talking on the phone, someone interrupting a conversation between two people, or when one of the two people involved in the communication is thinking of something other than what the second person is saying. 6. CODE : the group of symbols used to transmit a message. It is important to choose the correct code in order to have a good communication according to the receiver. The language is a code, if our client speaks English we must choose the English language as a code in order to achieve a good communication.

4. 7. ENCODING AND DECODING : (Stuart Hall) This is the process by which a message is understood. 8.FEEDBACK : This is the response of the receiver

5. COMMUNICATION FOR CUSTOMER SERVICE . INTERACTIVE COMMUNICATION: in customer service there are 2 main functions of communication: 1. DIRECT INFORMATION SERVICE. In this situation informants (senders) need the client to be communicative and capable of expressing his/her needs clearly. You can use different mediums, from words to written documents or Internet. 2. COMPLAINTS AND ENQUIRIES SERVICE In these situations it is important to establish a verbal communication and that the data and documents of the case are registered in written language . Someone who wants to work in a hotel has to take into account that establishing a clear, fluent and appropriate communication is fundamental to obtain good results. Establishing the right channels in the customer service department is one of the most important tasks of the service.

7. 1. A uditory communication. Messages are perceived through the sense of hearing. Words, music, sounds and noises take part in this type of communication. In the hospitality sector we can establish auditory communication through different media according to activity and objectives: Direct conversation or face to face communication Phone conversation Radio broadcasting, etc.

8. 2. Visual communication. Messages are perceived through sight. Sign, gestures and images are very important when communicating. There are different media: Letters Contracts. Labels Slides, etc . Complaint forms Invoices Leaflets

9. 3. Tactile communication Messages are perceived through the sense of touch. Affection is conveyed through tactile sensations. Shaking hands or tapping someone’s shoulder can have positive or negative effects, so it is necessary to be very respectful in this matter and know cultural conventions. There are different mediums: Braille Touching someone, etc. Greetings at meetings and negotiations

10. 4. Multichannel communication Messages are perceived through different senses at a time. There are different media through which this is possible: Tv Video Computer

11. 3. TYPES OF COMMUNICATION according to the people involved Human communication is the field dedicated to understanding how people communicate. It may be broadly classified as, a ) Intrapersonal Communication : people communicating among themselves (e.g. daydreaming, reading aloud) b) Interpersonal Communication : people communicating with others. c) Group Dynamics : communication within groups d) Organizational Communication : Communication within an organization e) Cross cultural communication : Communication across cultures

13. According to Dr. Steele, the precondition for lies in effective communication. The 7 preconditions for success : (Dr. Steele, 2006) 1. Pay Attention : Always pay attention when someone communicates. 2. Mutual Needs : All Communication is based on mutual needs. 3. Circular communication – All communication is circular in nature.( e.g. Giving feedback based on actions or deeds) 4. Communication is language based : For example, in the field of technology we may have a problem where the managers do not understand technical jargon. 5. Purpose : It is necessary to know the purpose of communication in a conversation. Knowing the purpose provides a better focus. 6. One needs to be cooperative but not competitive 7. Human communication is an art and not a science. success