5. • The Video Home System (better known by its
abbreviation VHS)is a consumer-level analog
recording videotape-based cassette standard
developed byVictor Company of Japan (JVC).
6. • The 1970s was a period when video recording
became a major contributor to the television
industry.
7. • Like many other technological innovations,
each of several companies made an attempt
to produce a television recording standard
that the majority of the world would embrace.
8. • At the peak of it all, the home video industry
was caught up in a series of videotape format
wars.
9. • Two of the formats, VHS andBetamax,
received the most media exposure. VHS would
eventually win the war of, and therefore
succeed as the dominant home video format,
lasting throughout the tape format period
10. Betamax
• Betamax (also called Beta, and referred to as
such in the logo) is a consumer-level
analogvideocassette magnetic tape recording
format developed by Sony, released in Japan
on May 10, 1975.
11. • The cassettes contain .50 in (12.7 mm)-
wide videotape in a design similar to the
earlier, professional .75 in (19 mm) wide, U-
matic format.
12. • The format is virtually obsolete, though an
updated variant of the format, Betacam, is still
used by the television industry
15. • A floppy disk, or diskette, is a disk
storage medium composed of a disk of thin
and flexiblemagnetic storage medium,
16. • sealed in a rectangular plastic carrier lined
with fabric that removes dust particles. They
are read and written by a floppy disk
drive (FDD).
17. History
• The earliest floppy disks, developed in the late
1960s, were 8 inches (200 mm) in diameter;
they became commercially available in 1971.
18. • These disks and associated drives were
produced and improved upon by IBM and
other companies such as Memorex, Shugart
Associates, and Burroughs Corporation.
19. • The term "floppy disk" appeared in print as
early as 1970, and although in 1973 IBM
announced its first media as "Type 1 Diskette"
the industry continued to use the terms
"floppy disk" or "floppy".
20. Zip drive
• The Zip drive is a medium-capacity
removable disk storage system that was
introduced byIomega in late 1994. Originally,
Zip disks launched with capacities of 100 MB,
but later versions increased this to first
250 MB and then 750 MB.
21. • The format became the most popular of the
super-floppy type products which filled a
niche in the late 1990s portable storage
market.
22. • However it was never popular enough to
replace the 3.5-inch floppy disk nor could ever
match the storage size available on rewritable
CDs and laterrewritable DVDs.
23. • USB flash drives ultimately proved to be the
better rewritable storage medium among the
general public due to the near ubiquity of USB
ports on personal computers and soon after
because of the far greater storage sizes
offered.
24. • Zip drives fell out of favor for mass portable
storage during the early 2000s.
25. • The Zip brand later covered internal and
external CD writers known as Zip-650 or Zip-
CD, which had no relation to the Zip drive
26.
27. • The Compact Disc, or CD for short, is
an optical disc used to store digital data.
28. • It was originally developed to store and play
back sound recordings only,
29. • but the format was later adapted for storage
of data (CD-ROM), write-once audio and data
storage (CD-R), rewritable media (CD-RW),
Video Compact Discs (VCD), Super Video
Compact Discs (SVCD), PhotoCD, PictureCD,
CD-i, and Enhanced CD.
30. • Audio CDs and audio CD players have been
commercially available since October 1982.
31. • Standard CDs have a diameter of 120
millimetres (4.7 in) and can hold up to 80
minutes of uncompressed audio or 700 MB of
data. The Mini CD has various diameters
ranging from 60 to 80 millimetres (2.4 to 3.1
in); they are sometimes used for CD singles,
storing up to 24 minutes of audio or
delivering device drivers.
32. • CD-ROMs and CD-Rs remain widely used
technologies in the computer industry. The CD
and its extensions are successful: in 2004,
worldwide sales of CD audio, CD-ROM, and
CD-R reached about 30 billion discs. By 2007,
200 billion CDs had been sold worldwide.
33. • Compact Discs are increasingly being replaced
or supplemented by other forms of digital
distribution and storage, such as downloading
and flash drives, with audio CD sales dropping
nearly 50% from their peak in 2000
34.
35. • DVD is an optical disc storage format, invented
and developed by Philips, Sony, Toshiba,
and Panasonic in 1995. DVDs offer higher
storage capacity than Compact Discs while
having the same dimensions.
36. • Pre-recorded DVDs are mass-produced
using molding machines that physically stamp
data onto the DVD.
37. • Such discs are known as DVD-ROM, because
data can only be read and not written nor
erased. Blank recordable DVD discs (DVD-
R and DVD+R) can be recorded once using
a DVD recorder and then function as a DVD-
ROM.
38. • Rewritable DVDs (DVD-RW, DVD+RW,
and DVD-RAM) can be recorded and erased
multiple times.
39. • DVDs are used in DVD-Video consumer digital
video format and in DVD-Audio consumer
digital audio format, as well as for
authoringAVCHD discs.
40. • DVDs containing other types of information
may be referred to as DVD data discs.
41. History
• Before the advent of DVD in 1995, Video
CD (VCD) became the first format for
distributing digitally encoded films on
standard 120 mm optical discs.
42. • (Its predecessor, CD Video, used analog video
encoding.) VCD was on the market in 1993.
43. • In the same year, two new optical disc storage
formats were being developed.
44. • One was the Multimedia Compact
Disc (MMCD), backed by Philips and Sony, and
the other was the Super Density (SD) disc,
supported by Toshiba, Time
Warner, Matsushita
Electric, Hitachi, Mitsubishi
Electric,Pioneer, Thomson, and JVC.
45. • DVD specifications created and updated by
the DVD Forum are published as so-called DVD
Books (e.g. DVD-ROM Book, DVD-Audio Book,
DVD-Video Book, DVD-R Book, DVD-RW Book,
DVD-RAM Book, DVD-AR Book, DVD-VR Book,
etc.)
46. Computer data storage
• Computer data storage, often
called storage or memory, is a technology
consisting ofcomputer components
and recording media used to retain
digital data. It is a core function and
fundamental component of computers.
47. • contemporary usage, memory is
usually semiconductor storage read-
write random-access memory,
48. • typically DRAM (Dynamic-RAM) or other
forms of fast but temporary
storage. Storageconsists of storage devices
and their media not directly accessible by
the CPU,
50. • and other devices slower than RAM but
are non-volatile (retaining contents when
powered down)
51. • Secondary storage (also known as external
memory or auxiliary storage), differs from
primary storage in that it is not directly
accessible by the CPU.
54. • Secure Digital or (SD) is a non-
volatile memory card format for use in
portable devices, such as mobile
phones, digital cameras, GPS navigation
devices, and tablet computers.
55. • The Secure Digital standard is maintained by
the SD Card Association (SDA).
56. • SD technologies have been implemented in
more than 400 brands across dozens of
product categories and more than 8,000
models
59. • In 1999, the New York Times Magazine ran a six-
issue Millenium special, one part of which was an
invitation to artists, scientist, and other thinkers,
to develop a way of communicating with the
future. Jaron Lanier, researcher and scientist,
proposed genetically engineering a DNA-coded
archive of a year’s worth of the New York Times
Magazine and inserting it into the common
cockroach’s genome (and the New York Times’
discussion of the idea).
60. • Owing to the millions-of-years-long stability of
the cockroach genome and the species
tenacious ability to survive ice ages, floods,
and other earth-altering natural disasters, the
cockroach proves to be a perfect candidate.
