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Efficacy and Safety of Alirocumab in
Reducing Lipids and Cardiovascular Events
ODYSSEY LONG TERM
The NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL of MEDICINE
APRIL 16,2015
Robinson JG, et al. N Engl J Med. 2015;372:1489-99
Alirocumab (Monoclonal antibodies to PCSK9)
• Alirocumab - eshte i pari antitrup monoklonal i aprovuar nga
FDA (24 korrik 2015) qe vepron duke inhibuar proteinen Pcsk9
dhe parandalon degradimin e LDL-R duke nxitur largimin e
LDL-C nga qarkullimi.
• Pcsk9 - (proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9) eshte nje
proteine qe lidhet me receptorin e lipoproteinave LDL ne qelizat
hepatike duke sjelle degradimin e parakohshem te tij dhe duke
mos lejuar riciklimin e tij.Si pasoje kemi numer me te vogel te
receptoreve dhe nje rritje te LDL-C ne qarkullim.
Alirocumab
• Alirocumab perdoret si trajtim I linjes se dyte per uljen e
nivelit te LDL-C ne pz me Hiperkolesterolemi FH ne pz
intolerant ndaj statinave dhe kur nivelet e LDL-C nuk
kontrollohen dot nga dieta dhe statinat ose ipolipemizante te
tjere ne doza maximale.
• Administrohet si injeksion subcutan,me doze fillestare 75mg
cdo 2 jave dhe doze max 150mg cdo 2 jave.
• Ben pjese ne antitrupat e tipit IgG1.Efekti max i inhibimit te
pcsk9 arrihet brenda 4-6 oresh,gjysmejeta shkon nga 17-20
dite,inhibimi eshte dose-dipendent.
Odyssey Long Term
• Eshte nje studim i randomizuar,dyfish i verber ,kontrolluar me
placebo,multinacional qe eshte kryer ne 320 qendra ne 27 vende ne
Afrike,Europe,Amerika Veriut/Jugut.
• Ne studim qe zgjati 78 jave u krahasua Alirocumab (150 mg
injeksion subcutan cdo 2 jave) vs Placebo ne 2341 paciente me risk
te larte per evente kardiovaskulare te cilet marrin statina ne
maximumin e dozes se toleruar me ose pa ipolipemizante te tjere.
• Pacientet u perzgjodhen ne menyre rastesore ne nje raport 2:1 ku ne
2/3 e pacienteve me Alirocumab dhe 1/3 Placebo u soministruan si
1ml injeksion subcutan me shiringe.Te gjithe pacientet do i
nenshtroheshin nje ndryshimi te stilit te jetes dhe dietes gjate gjithe
kohes se studimit.
• Duhej te paraqiteshin ne qendren e studimit ne javen e
4,8,12,16,24,36,52,64, 78 dhe 8 jave pas perfundimit te periudhes
dyfish te verber (86 week) per vleresimin e sigurise.
Inclusion Criteria
• Mosha > 18 vjec
• Paciente me Hiperkolesterolemi Familiare heterozigote (HeFH)
• Semundje te arterieve koronare
• Risk per semundje koronare
• (semundje arterieve periferike,ictus iskemik,HTA,histori per CHD,DM
tip 2,duhanpires)
• Paciente me LDL-C >70mg/dl
• Te gjithe pacientet duhej te ishin nen trajtim me statina ne max e
dozes se toleruar (40-80mg atorvastatina,20-40mg
rosuvastatina,80mg simvastatina) me ose pa ipolipemizante te tjere
per nje periudhe 4 javore perpara Screening
Exclusion Criteria
• LDL-C <70 mg/dl
• Pa histori per semundje koronare
• Histori per FH homozigote
• Statina te tjera
• CHF NYHA 3-4
• TA >180/110 mmHg
• Aritmia
• Recent IM
Baseline characteristics
• 2341 paciente ne studim 1553 ne grupin alirocumab dhe 788
placebo.Mosha mesatare 60 vjec,37.8% jane femra
• 67.9% me histori per CHD dhe 17.8% me HeFH,te gjithe marrin
statina pervec dy pacienteve,46.8% e marrin ne doza
maksimale,28.1% marrin antiyndyrore te tjere.Niveli mesatar i
LDL-C ishte 122mg/dl.
• Perqindja e nderprerjes se studimit ishte 28,2% ne grupin
alirocumab dhe 24,5% ne grupin placebo.(efektet anesore,jo
aderent,arsye te tjera)
• Perqindja mesatare e aderences ne studim ishte 98 dhe 97,6%
ne grupin alirocumab dhe placebo rispektivisht.
• Ne javen e 24 (144 pz) 9.4% ne grupin alirocumab dhe (72 pz)
9.2% mungojne vlerat e LDL-C.
• Baseline Characteristics
Alirocumab (N=1553) Placebo (N=788)
Age 60.4 60.6
Male 983 (63.3%) 474 (60.2%)
White 1441 (92.8%) 730 (92.6%)
CV history and risk factors:
• BMI
• Heterozygous FH
• CHD
• CHD risk equivalent
• Type 2 DM
• Current smoker
30.2
276 (17.8%)
1055 (67.9%)
639 (41.1%)
542 (34.9%)
325 (20.9%)
30.5
139 (17.6%)
552 (70.1%)
323 (41.0%)
267 (33.9%)
159 (20.2%)
Lipid-modifying medications:
• Any statin
• High-dose statin
1552 (>99.9%)
727 (46.8%)
787 (99.9%)
368 (46.7%)
LDL-C 122.7 121.9
Triglycerides 132.0 135.0
HDL-C 49.8 50.0
Endpoint
• End pointi primar i efektshmerise ishte ndryshimi perqendrimit te
nivelit te LDL-C te llogaritur nga bazali ne javen e 24.
• End pointi sekondar variacion i LDL-C dhe lipoproteinave tjera ne
javen 24.
• End pointet e sigurise perfshin efektet anesore mes te cilave
simptomat ,anomalite e laboratorit evente kardiovaskulare qe jane
verifikuar pas aplikimit te injeksionit te pare e deri 8 jave pas
aplikimit te injeksionit te fundit.
• Analize post-hoc qe krahason eventet kardiovaskolare mes dy
grupeve ne studim duke perdorur end point compositum –vdekje
nga CHD,IM jo fatal,Ictus fatal ose jo fatal,APP qe kerkon
hospitalizim.
Results
• Ndryshimi mesatar i nivelit te LDL-C llogaritur nga bazali ne javen
24 eshte -61% ne grupin alirocumab krahasuar me 0.8% me
placebo,me nje diference -61.9% pike percentuale p<0,001.Niveli
mesatare absolut i LDL-C ne javen 24 ishte 48,3mg/dl ne grupin
alirocumab dhe 119mg/dl ne grupin placebo.(-74mg/dl dhe 4mg/dl
respektivisht)
• Objektivi i nje niveli LDL-C <70 mg/dl ne javen e 24 u arrit nga 79.3 %
te pacienteve ne grupi alirocumab kundrejt 8% te pacienteve
placebo p<0,001.Nje ulje e qendrueshme e LDL vihet re nga java 4
deri ne javen e 78 ne grupin alirocumab.
• Niveli i LDL-C ne grupin alirocumab ishte inferior ne javen 78
(52,4%) 57.9 mg/dl.krahasuar me javen e 24 (61%).Influencohet nga
nderprerja premature e trajtimit.
• Results
Alirocumab
(N=1530)
Placebo
(N=780)
LS Mean
Difference
P-value
Baseline LDL-C 122.8 122.0 -- --
Absolute level at wk 24 48.3 118.9 -- --
Percent change from
baseline to wk 24
-61.0% 0.8% -61.9% <0.001
Percent change from
baseline to wk 78
-52.4% 3.6% -56.0% <0.001
LDL<70 in very high risk
patients or LDL<100 in high
risk patients
80.7% 8.5% -- <0.001
LDL<70 regardless of risk 79.3% 8.0% -- <0.001
Robinson JG, et al. N Engl J Med. 2015;372:1489-99
Results
• Diferenca mes dy grupeve ne ndryshimin e nivelit te LDL-C nga
bazali ne javen e 24 rezulton i njejte ne pacientet me dhe pa HeFH.
• Ne pacientet me nivel te larte LDL-C nga bazali diferenca mes grupit
alirocumab dhe placebo ne ndryshimin nivelit te LDL nga bazali ne
javen 24 ishte me e vogel.
• Diferenca mes dy grupeve ne variacionin e LDL-C nga bazali ne
javen e 24 eshte me e madhe mes atyre me nivel pcsk9 > mesatari.
• Frekuenca e efekteve anesore ne pacientet qe marrin alirocumab qe
kishin nivel te LDL-C<25 mg/dl ishte e njejte me pjesen tjeter.
• Ne grupin alirocumab kemi reduktim te lipoproteinave a
cholesterolit total dhe rritje te HDL-C ne javen e 24.
Safety
• Perqindja e pacienteve me efekte anesore ishte e njejte
ne te dy grupet e studimit 81% me alirocumab dhe 82,5%
ne grupin placebo.
• Efektet anesore qe cojne ne nderprerjen e studimit 7.2%
ne grupin alirocumab dhe 5.8% ne placebo .
• Persa i perket efekteve anesore specifike ne grupin
Alirocumab kemi nje % me te larte se ne Placebo.
• Nivele anormale te aminotransferasave dhe
creatinchinasave ishin te rralla dhe ne % te ngjashme.
• Eventet kardiovasculare madhore (vdekje nga CHD, IM
jofatal,Ictus iskemik fatal dhe jo,APP qe kerkon
hospitalizim ishte me i vogel ne grupin Alirocumab
1,7%vs3,3% raport hazard 0.52, P-value 0.02.
• Safety endpoints
Alirocumab
(N=1550)
Placebo
(N=788)
P-value
Adjudicated major adverse CV
events in post hoc analysis
27 (1.7%) 26 (3.3%) 0.02
Death from CHD 4 (0.3%) 7 (0.9%) 0.26
Nonfatal MI 14 (0.9%) 18 (2.3%) 0.01
Fatal or nonfatal ischemic stroke 9 (0.6%) 2 (0.3%) 0.35
Adverse effects:
• General allergic reaction
• Injection site reaction
• Myalgia
• Neurologic event
156 (10.1%)
91 (5.9%)
84 (5.4%)
65 (4.2%)
75 (9.5%)
33 (4.2%)
23 (2.9%)
35 (4.4%)
0.71
0.10
0.006
0.83
Robinson JG, et al. N Engl J Med. 2015;372:1489-99
Konkluzione
• Ne nje periudhe 78 javore Alirocumab ul ne menyre
sinjifikative nivelin e LDL-C ne qarkullim kur shtohet ne
terapine me statina ne maximumin e dozes se toleruar ne
pacientet me HeFH,CHD,CHD risk ekuivalent.
• Efekt i qendrueshem per nje periudhe 78 javore ne terapi.
• Ne analizen post-hoc u evidentua ulje e eventeve
kardiovaskulare ne pacientet ne trajtim me Alirocumab
Faleminderit!

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Praluent

  • 1. Efficacy and Safety of Alirocumab in Reducing Lipids and Cardiovascular Events ODYSSEY LONG TERM The NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL of MEDICINE APRIL 16,2015 Robinson JG, et al. N Engl J Med. 2015;372:1489-99
  • 2. Alirocumab (Monoclonal antibodies to PCSK9) • Alirocumab - eshte i pari antitrup monoklonal i aprovuar nga FDA (24 korrik 2015) qe vepron duke inhibuar proteinen Pcsk9 dhe parandalon degradimin e LDL-R duke nxitur largimin e LDL-C nga qarkullimi. • Pcsk9 - (proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9) eshte nje proteine qe lidhet me receptorin e lipoproteinave LDL ne qelizat hepatike duke sjelle degradimin e parakohshem te tij dhe duke mos lejuar riciklimin e tij.Si pasoje kemi numer me te vogel te receptoreve dhe nje rritje te LDL-C ne qarkullim.
  • 3. Alirocumab • Alirocumab perdoret si trajtim I linjes se dyte per uljen e nivelit te LDL-C ne pz me Hiperkolesterolemi FH ne pz intolerant ndaj statinave dhe kur nivelet e LDL-C nuk kontrollohen dot nga dieta dhe statinat ose ipolipemizante te tjere ne doza maximale. • Administrohet si injeksion subcutan,me doze fillestare 75mg cdo 2 jave dhe doze max 150mg cdo 2 jave. • Ben pjese ne antitrupat e tipit IgG1.Efekti max i inhibimit te pcsk9 arrihet brenda 4-6 oresh,gjysmejeta shkon nga 17-20 dite,inhibimi eshte dose-dipendent.
  • 4. Odyssey Long Term • Eshte nje studim i randomizuar,dyfish i verber ,kontrolluar me placebo,multinacional qe eshte kryer ne 320 qendra ne 27 vende ne Afrike,Europe,Amerika Veriut/Jugut. • Ne studim qe zgjati 78 jave u krahasua Alirocumab (150 mg injeksion subcutan cdo 2 jave) vs Placebo ne 2341 paciente me risk te larte per evente kardiovaskulare te cilet marrin statina ne maximumin e dozes se toleruar me ose pa ipolipemizante te tjere. • Pacientet u perzgjodhen ne menyre rastesore ne nje raport 2:1 ku ne 2/3 e pacienteve me Alirocumab dhe 1/3 Placebo u soministruan si 1ml injeksion subcutan me shiringe.Te gjithe pacientet do i nenshtroheshin nje ndryshimi te stilit te jetes dhe dietes gjate gjithe kohes se studimit. • Duhej te paraqiteshin ne qendren e studimit ne javen e 4,8,12,16,24,36,52,64, 78 dhe 8 jave pas perfundimit te periudhes dyfish te verber (86 week) per vleresimin e sigurise.
  • 5. Inclusion Criteria • Mosha > 18 vjec • Paciente me Hiperkolesterolemi Familiare heterozigote (HeFH) • Semundje te arterieve koronare • Risk per semundje koronare • (semundje arterieve periferike,ictus iskemik,HTA,histori per CHD,DM tip 2,duhanpires) • Paciente me LDL-C >70mg/dl • Te gjithe pacientet duhej te ishin nen trajtim me statina ne max e dozes se toleruar (40-80mg atorvastatina,20-40mg rosuvastatina,80mg simvastatina) me ose pa ipolipemizante te tjere per nje periudhe 4 javore perpara Screening
  • 6. Exclusion Criteria • LDL-C <70 mg/dl • Pa histori per semundje koronare • Histori per FH homozigote • Statina te tjera • CHF NYHA 3-4 • TA >180/110 mmHg • Aritmia • Recent IM
  • 7. Baseline characteristics • 2341 paciente ne studim 1553 ne grupin alirocumab dhe 788 placebo.Mosha mesatare 60 vjec,37.8% jane femra • 67.9% me histori per CHD dhe 17.8% me HeFH,te gjithe marrin statina pervec dy pacienteve,46.8% e marrin ne doza maksimale,28.1% marrin antiyndyrore te tjere.Niveli mesatar i LDL-C ishte 122mg/dl. • Perqindja e nderprerjes se studimit ishte 28,2% ne grupin alirocumab dhe 24,5% ne grupin placebo.(efektet anesore,jo aderent,arsye te tjera) • Perqindja mesatare e aderences ne studim ishte 98 dhe 97,6% ne grupin alirocumab dhe placebo rispektivisht. • Ne javen e 24 (144 pz) 9.4% ne grupin alirocumab dhe (72 pz) 9.2% mungojne vlerat e LDL-C.
  • 8. • Baseline Characteristics Alirocumab (N=1553) Placebo (N=788) Age 60.4 60.6 Male 983 (63.3%) 474 (60.2%) White 1441 (92.8%) 730 (92.6%) CV history and risk factors: • BMI • Heterozygous FH • CHD • CHD risk equivalent • Type 2 DM • Current smoker 30.2 276 (17.8%) 1055 (67.9%) 639 (41.1%) 542 (34.9%) 325 (20.9%) 30.5 139 (17.6%) 552 (70.1%) 323 (41.0%) 267 (33.9%) 159 (20.2%) Lipid-modifying medications: • Any statin • High-dose statin 1552 (>99.9%) 727 (46.8%) 787 (99.9%) 368 (46.7%) LDL-C 122.7 121.9 Triglycerides 132.0 135.0 HDL-C 49.8 50.0
  • 9. Endpoint • End pointi primar i efektshmerise ishte ndryshimi perqendrimit te nivelit te LDL-C te llogaritur nga bazali ne javen e 24. • End pointi sekondar variacion i LDL-C dhe lipoproteinave tjera ne javen 24. • End pointet e sigurise perfshin efektet anesore mes te cilave simptomat ,anomalite e laboratorit evente kardiovaskulare qe jane verifikuar pas aplikimit te injeksionit te pare e deri 8 jave pas aplikimit te injeksionit te fundit. • Analize post-hoc qe krahason eventet kardiovaskolare mes dy grupeve ne studim duke perdorur end point compositum –vdekje nga CHD,IM jo fatal,Ictus fatal ose jo fatal,APP qe kerkon hospitalizim.
  • 10. Results • Ndryshimi mesatar i nivelit te LDL-C llogaritur nga bazali ne javen 24 eshte -61% ne grupin alirocumab krahasuar me 0.8% me placebo,me nje diference -61.9% pike percentuale p<0,001.Niveli mesatare absolut i LDL-C ne javen 24 ishte 48,3mg/dl ne grupin alirocumab dhe 119mg/dl ne grupin placebo.(-74mg/dl dhe 4mg/dl respektivisht) • Objektivi i nje niveli LDL-C <70 mg/dl ne javen e 24 u arrit nga 79.3 % te pacienteve ne grupi alirocumab kundrejt 8% te pacienteve placebo p<0,001.Nje ulje e qendrueshme e LDL vihet re nga java 4 deri ne javen e 78 ne grupin alirocumab. • Niveli i LDL-C ne grupin alirocumab ishte inferior ne javen 78 (52,4%) 57.9 mg/dl.krahasuar me javen e 24 (61%).Influencohet nga nderprerja premature e trajtimit.
  • 11. • Results Alirocumab (N=1530) Placebo (N=780) LS Mean Difference P-value Baseline LDL-C 122.8 122.0 -- -- Absolute level at wk 24 48.3 118.9 -- -- Percent change from baseline to wk 24 -61.0% 0.8% -61.9% <0.001 Percent change from baseline to wk 78 -52.4% 3.6% -56.0% <0.001 LDL<70 in very high risk patients or LDL<100 in high risk patients 80.7% 8.5% -- <0.001 LDL<70 regardless of risk 79.3% 8.0% -- <0.001 Robinson JG, et al. N Engl J Med. 2015;372:1489-99
  • 12.
  • 13. Results • Diferenca mes dy grupeve ne ndryshimin e nivelit te LDL-C nga bazali ne javen e 24 rezulton i njejte ne pacientet me dhe pa HeFH. • Ne pacientet me nivel te larte LDL-C nga bazali diferenca mes grupit alirocumab dhe placebo ne ndryshimin nivelit te LDL nga bazali ne javen 24 ishte me e vogel. • Diferenca mes dy grupeve ne variacionin e LDL-C nga bazali ne javen e 24 eshte me e madhe mes atyre me nivel pcsk9 > mesatari. • Frekuenca e efekteve anesore ne pacientet qe marrin alirocumab qe kishin nivel te LDL-C<25 mg/dl ishte e njejte me pjesen tjeter. • Ne grupin alirocumab kemi reduktim te lipoproteinave a cholesterolit total dhe rritje te HDL-C ne javen e 24.
  • 14. Safety • Perqindja e pacienteve me efekte anesore ishte e njejte ne te dy grupet e studimit 81% me alirocumab dhe 82,5% ne grupin placebo. • Efektet anesore qe cojne ne nderprerjen e studimit 7.2% ne grupin alirocumab dhe 5.8% ne placebo . • Persa i perket efekteve anesore specifike ne grupin Alirocumab kemi nje % me te larte se ne Placebo. • Nivele anormale te aminotransferasave dhe creatinchinasave ishin te rralla dhe ne % te ngjashme. • Eventet kardiovasculare madhore (vdekje nga CHD, IM jofatal,Ictus iskemik fatal dhe jo,APP qe kerkon hospitalizim ishte me i vogel ne grupin Alirocumab 1,7%vs3,3% raport hazard 0.52, P-value 0.02.
  • 15. • Safety endpoints Alirocumab (N=1550) Placebo (N=788) P-value Adjudicated major adverse CV events in post hoc analysis 27 (1.7%) 26 (3.3%) 0.02 Death from CHD 4 (0.3%) 7 (0.9%) 0.26 Nonfatal MI 14 (0.9%) 18 (2.3%) 0.01 Fatal or nonfatal ischemic stroke 9 (0.6%) 2 (0.3%) 0.35 Adverse effects: • General allergic reaction • Injection site reaction • Myalgia • Neurologic event 156 (10.1%) 91 (5.9%) 84 (5.4%) 65 (4.2%) 75 (9.5%) 33 (4.2%) 23 (2.9%) 35 (4.4%) 0.71 0.10 0.006 0.83 Robinson JG, et al. N Engl J Med. 2015;372:1489-99
  • 16. Konkluzione • Ne nje periudhe 78 javore Alirocumab ul ne menyre sinjifikative nivelin e LDL-C ne qarkullim kur shtohet ne terapine me statina ne maximumin e dozes se toleruar ne pacientet me HeFH,CHD,CHD risk ekuivalent. • Efekt i qendrueshem per nje periudhe 78 javore ne terapi. • Ne analizen post-hoc u evidentua ulje e eventeve kardiovaskulare ne pacientet ne trajtim me Alirocumab

Notes de l'éditeur

  1. PCSK9 = proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin 9 Alirocumab is a human monoclonal antibody that binds to proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 (PCSK9). PCSK9 binds to the low-density lipoprotein receptors (LDLR) on the surface of hepatocytes to promote LDLR degradation within the liver. LDLR is the primary receptor that clears circulating LDL, therefore the decrease in LDLR levels by PCSK9 results in higher blood levels of LDL-C. By inhibiting the binding of PCSK9 to LDLR, alirocumab increases the number of LDLRs available to clear LDL, thereby lowering LDL-C levels.
  2. Difference between alirocumab and placebo groups in percentage change in LDL from baseline to week 24 was similar in patients with heterozygous FH and those without.