Mosquitoes can transmit many diseases, ranging from mild to the life threatening ones. Check out these slides to learn ways to fight and prevent disease borne by mosquitoes https://www.epicpc.com/news/infographics/world-mosquito-day/

1. Malaria Zikavirus ChikunguniyaEncephalitisWest
Nilevirus
YellowFeverDenguefever
Fightthebitewithpride
WORLDMOSQUITODAY
Peopleathighriskinclude:
Adultsandchildrenwhospend
timeinthecountrysidewhere
mosquitoesareinabundance
Healthcareworkerswhoare
caringforinfectedpersons
withcommunicablemosquito
bornediseases
Labworkersandtechnicians
workingwithbloodsamples
orcultures
Peoplewhoreceive
organtransplants
Thosewhoshare
needlesorsyringes
Businesstravelerswhovisit
placeswithmosquito-borne
diseases
Workerswhowork
outdoors
Mosquitoescantransmitmanydiseases,
rangingfrommildtothelifethreateningones.
Diseasesspreadbymosquitoesinclude:
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Malariaistheoldestmosquitobornediseasethatcauses400,000deathsintheworldeveryyear.
Sincetheearly1950s,nobodyhascontractedmalaria;exceptionshappenwhenindividualstravelto
tropicalplacesandgetinfected,andreturntotheUS.Itcanbepreventedbytakingdrugs.Symptoms
include:
Malaria
Dengue
Zikavirus
YellowFever
Encephalitis
WestNilevirus
Feverandchills
Profusesweating
Headache
Vomiting,nausea,anddiarrhea
Abdominalpain
Increasedheartrate
Convulsions
Bloodinstools
and400million
peopleareinfectedwiththe
diseaseeachyear;
DengueFeveriscommoninover
100countries
worldwide,
Aninfectedmothercanpassonthevirus
toherunbornchildapartfromgetting
bittenbyaninfectedmosquito.Rest,
medicinesforsymptomrelief,andplenty
offluidsarerecommended.Symptoms
ofdengueinclude:
Zikaviruscanbetransmittedbymosquitoesandeventhroughsexualintercoursewithaninfectedpartner.Itis
moreprevalentinCentralandSouthAmerica,theCaribbean,andPacificIslands.
Fever
Severe,chronicjointpain
Chikunguniya
Chikunguniyaismostlyfoundinthe
CaribbeanandSouthAmerican
regions,butisalsobeingincreasingly
reportedintherestoftheUSaswell.
From2006to2013,anaverageof28
peoplewerediagnosedwith
Chikunguniyaannually.
Encephalitisreferstotheinflammationaroundthe
brainandspinalcord.TheCDCsaysthatseveralcases
ofencephalitisarereportedeveryyearintheUS.
TherearedifferenttypesofEncephalitisfoundintheUS:
LaCrosse:
In13stateseastoftheMississippiriver.
Averageannualcasesreported:68
St.Louis
AcrosstheUS,especiallyFloridaandGulf
ofMexicoregions.Casesreported
annuallyonaverage:128
68 128
EasternEquine:
Atlantic,GulfCoast,andGreatLakesstates.
OutsideUS:SouthandCentralAmerica.
Averagenumberof
casesreportedannually:7
Japanese
WesternPacificregionandAsia–vaccine
isavailableforthis.Peopletravelingto
regionswhereitisprevalentareadvised
togetvaccinated.
7
From2000to2010,
therewere
7.3hospitalizationsof
encephalitisper
100,000people.
Treatmentincludesrestandfluids,
andmedicinetorelivepainor
controltemperature.
Itischaracterizedby:
YellowFeverisadiseasecommonintropicalAfricaandAmerica.Itishighlyunlikelythatyouwillcontractthis
disease,asanyonetravelingtothoseregionsisrequiredtotaketheyellowfevervaccine.Incaseyougetinfected,
medicines,fluids,andrestarerecommended.Symptomsinclude:
22,000deathsfromsevereinfectionsarealsoreported.
Nauseaand
vomiting
Rash
Fever
Achesandpains–specifically,
muscular,joint,bonepainor
behindtheeyes.
Bodyache-
muscularpain
Rashesand
itching
Headache,joint
pain
Conjunctivitis
Mildsymptomsaresometimesexperienced:
Itwasin2015-16thatlargeoutbreaksofthisdiseasewerereported;theyweremostlytravel
related.Therehavebeennoreportedcasessince2018-19.However,peopletravelingtoareas
withcasesofZikaneedtobeverycareful.Zikaisoftenasymptomatic.
390
Symptoms
Highfever
Yellowskin
andeyes Liverfailure
Jaundice
Rest Fluids Medicines
WestNilevirushasbeen
reportedin49statesofUS
andtheDistrictof
Columbiaasof2019;
patientshavebeendiagnosed
withthedisease.Itisusually
asymptomaticandresolves
onitsown;
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1in5
peoplemaydevelop
symptomslike:
High
temperature
Body
acheand
headache
Drowsiness
Goingintoa
coma
Paralysis
(severecase)
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Rashesand
itching
Swellingof
lymphnodes
Tremorsand
convulsions
Disorientation
Thereisnospecifictreatmentavailableformostmosquito
bornediseases–medicinesareprescribedtoproviderelief
frompain,controldiarrheaorvomiting,bringdown
temperatureandsoon.Plentyofrestandfluidintakeishighly
recommended.
Individualsareadvisedtogetthemselves
vaccinatedforwhicheverdiseasesvaccinesare
available–likeyellowfeverandJapanese
encephalitis,especiallywhenyouhavetotravel
tothoseareas.
Preventionisthebestbet.Youshould:
Coverstorageareas
Don’tallowwatertocollectand
standasmosquitoeslayeggs
andbreedinit–remove
buckets,barrelsetc.whichcan
collectwater.
Keepyoursurroundingscleanof
debris–includingditches,
rainwaterguttersetc.
Donotspraydirectlyonyour
face–sprayonyourpalms
andthenrubonyourfaceor
itmaygetintoyoureyes.
Wearprotectiveclothing
whenyou’reworking,
camping,hiking,oreven
picnickingoutdoorsinareas
withmosquitoes:long
sleeves,trousers,hats,thick
boots,etc.
Ifyouobserveanyoftheabove-mentionedsymptomsinyouor
yourlovedones,seekimmediatemedicalhelpfromyournearest
EPICPrimaryCarephysician.Timelytreatmentisthemostimportant
weaponagainstmosquitobornediseases.
Insectrepellantsisamust;use
certifiedsaferepellantson
exposedskin,likethose
containingDEET,picaridin,
eucalyptusoil,andsoon.
Peremethrinshouldbeappliedon
clothingandgear–neveronskin.
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