Tajweed

1. Tajweed
Literal Meaning ( (لغوی معنی
تحسین
To beautify.
Arabic Term ( (اصطلاحي معنی
ہر حرف کو اسکے مخرج سے ادا کرنا.
اسکی صفات کا حق ادا کرنا.
To say every word from it’s specific Makhraj.
To give every letter it’s right In its Characteristics
too.

2. Ruling on Tajweed - شرعی حکم
 فرض کفایہ
 Obligatory on some
 فرض عین
 Obligatory on all.

3. It’s Principles:
 1-Knowledge of Articulation Points.
 2-Knowledge of its Characteristics.
 3-Knowledge of what rules change in
the letters due to the order of the
letters.
 4-Exercising the tongue and a lot of
repetition.

4. Manners when reading
Quran.
Manners of the heart
1.Understanding the origin of the words.
2.Understanding the greatness of these
words.
3.Presence of the heart while reading.
4.Pondering the meaning.
5.Understanding the meaning.
6.Individualization.

5. External Manners
1.Purity.
2.Istia’zah and Basmallah.
3.Avoiding Cutting off reading.
4.Stopping and seeking refuge or Mercy
on appropriate Ayahs.
5.Humbleness and crying while reading.

6. Tilawat, Qira’at or Itla’
تلاوة ، قرأت، اطلاع
Reading Silently while looking at the
Quran;
Without using the parts responsible for
Speech.
without engaging Articulation points.
Is not قرأت nor تلاوة
It’s اطلاع

7. Rewards?
 The reward only for tilawa and reading
(u should at least move the parts
responsible for speech like the tongue
even if u want to read silently)

8. Levels of Qira’t - 3Levels
التحقيق
Slowest
Bes
t

9. Levels of Qira’t
التدوير
In
betwee
n.
Preserving
Rules of
Tajweed.

10. Levels of Qira’t
الحدر
Faste
st
Be
Careful

11. Istia’azah -- الإستعاذة
Saying silently:
1- When Reciting silently
2- When reciting alone, (loud or silently)
3-When about to Pray.
4- When reciting in a group and you are not the
first one.
Saying out loud:
1-Reciting for others to hear.
2-Reciting in a group and you are the first one.

12. Frorms of Istia’za:

اعوذباالله من • ١
الشيطان الرجيم
2 اعوذباالله السميع •
العليم من
الشيطان الرجيم
3 اعوذباالله من •
الشيطان

13. Basmallah بسملة
1-Is it a verse in Quran?
إِنَّهُ مِن سُلَیْمَانَ وَإِنَّهُ بِسْمِ اللَِّّ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِیمِ
An-Naml [27:30]
2-Is it a verse in Surah Al-Fatiha?

14. Rules for Basmallah.
 1- Necessary to read in the beginning
of every Surah except Sura Al-
Tawbah.
 2-In the middle of Surah you have
choice.

15. Ways to say الاستعاذة and
بسملة
قطع
الجميع
4
وصل
البسملة
با لسورة
وصل
الجميع
وصل
الاستعاذة
البسملة

16. Separate All قطع الجمیع
سورة الاستعاذة
بسملة

17. Join All وصل الجمیع
سورة الاستعاذة
بسملة

18. Join Basmallah with Surah.
وصل البسملة با لسورة
سورة الاستعاذة
بسملة

19. Join Istia’azah with Basmallah.
وصل الاستعاذة البسملة
سورة الاستعاذة
بسملة

20. Basmallah between Surahs.
البسملة بین السورتین
 Imam Hafs bin Al- Asam. إمام حفص بن
العاصم Always reads Basmallah
between 2 Surahs except between
and .التوبة
There are 4 ways of finishing one
Surah and and continuing on to the
next.
 3 Valid ways and 1 Invalid.

21. 3 Valid ways:
1
• Separate All.
قطع كل •
2
• Join All.
وصل كل •
3
• Join Basmallah with beginning of surah.
وصل ألبسملة بأول سورة •

22. Separate All قطع كل
سورة سورة
بسملة

23. Join All وصل كل
سورة سورة
بسملة

24. Join Basmallah with the
begening of Surah.
 وصل البسملة بأول سورة
سورة سورة
بسملة

25. Not allowed.
Join Basmallah with the end of
Surah.
 وصل البسملة بآخر سورة
سورة سورة
بسملة

26. اللحن
Mistakes and Deviation from
correctness when reading Quran.
Two Kinds:
1
لحن جلي ظاهر •
• Obvious and Clear mistakes.
2
لحن خفي مستتر •
• Obscured and hidden
mistakes.

27. لحن جلي ظاهر
Easy to point out.
Mistakes in the pronounciation even if
it changes the meaning or not.
Occurs in the makeup of words, letters
or in vowels.
Ex:
Reading ق as ك
Reading Kasra as Fatha.
Dropping )قال – قل( حروف المد

28. لحن خفي مستتر
Mistake in pronunciation.
Pierces the reading.
Not a mistake in meaning, Arabic
language or Grammar.
Two kinds:
1-recognised by those knowledgeable in
reading Quran.
eg: Leaving out Idgham.
2-Only known by very skilled readers of
Quran.
eg: Unwanted repetition تكرار of را

29. Letters
• Harkaat
حركات
مخارج
• Makharij
• Sifaat
صفات

30. SHORT VOWELS (1 count)
• Fatha
ـَ •
فتح
•Damm
a
ضم ـةُ•
• Kasra
ـِ •
كسرة

31. LONG VOWELS (2 counts)
Symbol Example Sound
-َ اْ
مَلِكِ ال نَّا aa
الَّذِ يْ -ِ يْ
ee
_ُ و
وَلَمْ یُوْ لَدْ
oo

32. Other Symbols
Symbol Name Example
-ْ Sukoon
وَلَمْ
-ّ
Shudda
وَمِن شَ ر
شَرْ + رِ

33. The Definite Article أل
Sun
Letters
حروف
شمسیة
Moon
Letters
حروف
قمریة

34. The Sun Letters
 حروف شمسیة
ت ث د ذ ر ز
س ش ص ض
ط ظ ل ن
14
Tip:
They carry
Shadda

35. Moon Letters
حروف قمریة
14
أ ب ج
ح خ ع
غ ف ق
ك م وه
ي

36. أل + حروف شمسیة
 the letter laam of the ال is ignored
the sun letter carries a shaddah
Example
أل+شَمس = اَلشَّمس
If you want to join the preceding word
onto the ال word, then you ignore
the ال completely
Example:
 و+ التین= والتین

37. أل+ حروف قمریة
the ال is pronounced
Example:
ال + قَمر = الْقَمر
If you want to join the preceding word
onto the ال word, you only ignore the
letter alif of the ال
Example:
غَيْرِالْمَغْضُوْبِ

38. The articulation Point. مخرج
مخرج المحقق
Specific
Throat, tongue,
two lips
مخرج المقدر
Approximate
*No specific place
*Empty space in
the mouth and
throat.

39. Articulation Points of letters.
5 Major Areas--- 17 Articulation points.
الجوف - 1 :Empty space in the mouth and
throat.
الحلق - 2 : The Throat.
اللسان - 3 : The Tongue.
الشفتان- 4 : the two Lips.
الخيشوم- 5 : The Nasal passage.

40. Areas of Articulation.

41. الجوف
One Articulation Point ( مخرج )-- Non
specific.
 Three Lengthened Letters.
ا
الجوف
و ي

42. حروف المد (Lengthened
letters)
-1 الألف المديه
The أ with sukoon preceded by a
letter with a fatha.
الألف ا المديه

43. حروف المد (Lengthened
letters)
-2 الواوالمديه
The و with sukoon preceded by a letter
with a Dammah.
الواو وْ المديه

44. حروف المد (Lengthened
letters)
- 3 الياء المديه
The ي with sukoon preceded by a
letter with a Kasra.
الياء يْ المديه

45. Points to remember:
 These letters finish with the stopping
of sound ---No specific space.
 The sound will stop when you cut off
the air.
 Nothing should come from Nose
(Nasal sound) or throat ( ha or hamza)
at the end.
 Huroof al Maad are gathered together
in the word:
نُوْحِيْهَ اْ

46. Mistakes
Should not put a Hamza ءor ه at the
end.
Should not be recited with nose ie
there should not be a nasal sound with
them.

47. The Throat الحلق
3 Articulation point 6 letters.
أقصي الحلق . 1  Deepest part of the
Throat.(Farthest from the mouth,
closest from the chest.)
وسط الحلق . 2 Middle of the throat.
أدني الحلق . 3 Closest part of the Throat.
(Closest to the mouth)

48. The Throat Letters ألحروف
الحلقیه
أقصي الحلق
ء •
ه •
وسط الحلق
ع •
ح •
أدني حلق
غ •
خ •

49. The Throat Letters ألحروف
الحلقیه

50. Anatomy

51. غ – خ
the back portion of tongue touches the
roof of mouth (soft palate).
Tip: it is the same part like if
something itchy in your throat you try
to remove it or do gargling, it is the
correct place to pronounce it.

52. Mistakes غ - خ
When pronouncing خ the most
common mistake we do is that we
read it softly or pronounce as ( .(ك
When pronouncing غ many people
simulate it with the letter ( گ) which is
wrong غ is pronounced from the top
part of throat it is the same part like if
something itchy you try to remove it or
do gargling it is the correct place to
pronounce it.

53. ع - ح
 Move the back of the tongue towards the throat
wall to constrict the wind pipe.
 ح : wind pipe partially closed in order to let the
air rush through it.
Tip: Think you are cleaning a pair of glasses with
the moist (air) of your throat try to squeeze your
throat from the middle that is the part where you
have to pronounce this letter.
 ع : The wind pipe is almost closed completely. it
has more of rolling sound.
 It’s like when you go to a doctor and he says
open your mouth to say AA that is the starting
part and we add (yen) to it like AAYEN,

54. Mistakes
Reading ح like ه you are not
constricting your throat while
pronouncing ح
Reading عlike ء or ا  Rolling or twist
is missing.

55. ء - ه
 They are pronounced from the area of the throat
where the Vocal cords are located.
 Hamza has more constricted sound and haa
flows freely from the chest.
 Closing the wind pipe and opening it produces
Hamza.
 Opening the wind pipe and releasing air
produces Haa.
 The tongue remains stable for both letters.
 Mistakes:
 we pronounce the ( ه) either from the middle or
from the upper part of throat which is wrong it is
more towards the chest.

56. practice pronouncing letters by
placing a sukoon in front of the
letter.
أقصي الحلق
إء •
إه •
وسط الحلق
إع •
إح •
أدني حلق
إغ •
إخ •

57. The Tongue اللِ سان
Many letters come from the mouth:
that is the tongue and its connection
with the different areas of the teeth
and mouth.
10 Articulation Points distributed over
4 Areas for 18 Letters.

58. The Tongue اللِ سان
اللِ سان
أقصي اللسان
Deepest
part
وسط اللسان
Middle
Part
حافة اللسان
Edge or
Side
طرف اللسان Tip

59. The Tongue اللِ سان

60. The Tongue اللِ سان
اللِ سان
طرف
اللسان
حافة اللسان
ض ل
وسط اللسان
ج ش ي
ر ص ز ظ ذ ث ط د ت
أقصي
اللسان
ق ك
ن

61. Deepest Part of the Tongue.
أقصي اللسان
ق
 ق is pronounced by the deepest
part of the tongue touching (what
lies opposite to it) the upper soft
palate to create a thick sound in
the tonsils vicinity, with a round
sound.
The tongue is elevated towards
the roof of the mouth.
 ق is produced with heaviness.

63. Mistakes.
There are two mistakes in articulating
this when reciting the Qur’an. Usually
it is a problem in the articulation point.
ق . 1 is articulated on the hard palate or
close to it, so it ends up sounding
like an English “k”
ق . 2 is pronounced not from the tongue,
but from the throat, and the resultant
incorrect sound is a cross between ق
and ع

64. ك
The innermost part of the tongue,
towards the mouth, with what
corresponds to it from the upper
palate producesnKaaf ك
This area is slightly closer to the
mouth than throat.
Kaaf is produced with lightness or
lowering of the tongue towards the
‘floor’ of the the mouth after the sound
is produced.

66. Mistakes.
 ك is often mispronounced at an
articulation point further back in the
mouth than the correct articulation
point resulting in a ق Sound.

67. Middle of Tongue وسط اللسان
The middle of the tongue - this single
makhraj covers 3 letters: ج-ش – ي
)غیرالمدیة(
These are all pronounced when the
middle part of the tongue comes in
contact with what lies opposite to it
from the roof of the mouth.
These Letters are Called ,الحروف الشجریة
because they are articulated from the
center of the mouth or the middle of
the mouth.

68. Middle of Tongue
وسط اللسان
ي
ش
ج

69. Teeth and their Names
 Before discussing rest of the articulation points
of the tongue, it is important to know the
order of the teeth and their names to
understand where each letter is being
articulated.
 Normally we have 32 teeth divided as
follows:
1. Incisors  الثَّنایا
2. Lateral Incisors  رباعیة
3. Canine ناب 
4. First Premolars ضاحك 
5. Second Premolars طواحین 
6. Wisdom Tooth ناجذ 

70. Teeth and their Names

71. ج
 ج has a hard sound as if it has د mixed
into it.
Raising the tongue against the hard
pallet produces . ج

72. Mistake
Saying ج soft as if a ي is mixed into it.
To correct that mistake:
 Raise your tongue to the top of your
mouth.
 Let the middle of the tongue go to the
middle of the roof of the mouth.
 The tongue should not go low.

73. ش
Raising the tongue towards the hard
pallet produces the ش
Its Sound spreads through out the
mouth after you bring it through the
middle of the tongue.
Air keeps running, until you stop it.

74. ي
It is important to note that the ي being
referred to is not the ي المدیة ; which
means it is the ي with a:
 fat-ha یَفْقَهُون 
 Dammah  یُوقنون
 Kasra  یَدَىِ اللِ
 Sukoon عَلَیْهِ
Raising the tongue to the roof of the
mouth produces ي

75. Mistakes of ي
Common mistake is putting a ج in it, or
mixing it with a ش

76. The side of the Tongue حافة
اللسان
2 Articulation Points for 2 Letters ض
and .ل
حافة اللسان
ض ل

77. ض
 ض Comes purely from the sides of the tongue
and what lies opposite to it from the Upper
Molars.
 The rear side of the tongue touches the
upper back teeth (upper molars) in either one
of 3 ways :
1. from the right side
2. from the left side  Easiest
3. from both sides Hardest.
 While pronouncing this letter, the deep part
of the tongue is raised. This is because it has
heaviness and compression of sound.

78. Tips: ض
1. Keep the Tongue straight/ flat it
should not Curl up or down.
2. The back of the tongue should be
stuck to the roof of the mouth until it
compresses the sound and bring
heaviness to it.
3. Press the posterior two third of the
left side of the tongue against upper
left Molars and Gums.

79. ض

80. Mistakes
Sticking the tongue between the teeth
and bringing ر sound.
Making it sound like a heavy .د
Reading ض as ط. It might be a mixture
of ط
and د or a ط and .ض

81. ل
 Widest Makhraj of all.
One third of the anterior two sides of
the tongue .
Its articulation is an upward movement
in the shape of an arc.
The tip of the tongue should end up
meeting with the gums of the top pair
of incisors, lateral incisors, canines
and premolars. However, the top of
the tongue should not touch this gum
area.

82. ل

83. Mistakes
Using only the tip of the tongue and
not the sides and using the underside
along with the front teeth plates.
As a result, the sound produced is
more like a noon or close to the
English letter “L”, respectively.