Those slides present an introduction to open science and gives examples of how the openness of the scientific communities can give a huge push to the scientific progress

1. Open Source Science
Ahmed Saeed
Research Assistant
Egypt-Japan University for Science
and Technology (E-JUST)

2. What if science was closed ...

3. Scientific Openness History
● Disputations
● Anagrams
"The mother of love imitates shapes of Cynthia" Galileo Galilei
● The mother of love -> Venus
● Cynthia (goddess of the moon) -> Moon
● Journals (1600's)
Peer Reviews and Citations

4. Scientific Endeavor
● Have an idea
● Collect data
● Develop the idea and get results
● Publish your work

5. 400 YEARS LATER ...

6. Scientific Endeavor
● Have an idea
● Collect data
● Develop the idea and get results
● Publish your work

7. Open Scientific Endeavors
● Open Innovation
● Citizen Science
○ Using Your Brain(Gaming)
○ Using Your Computer (e.g. SETI@Home)
○ Online Collaboration Sites
● Open Source Scientific Software
● Open Access, Open Data, ...

8. Open Innovation
● InnoCentive (http://www.innocentive.com/)
○ Challenges the public to solve problems provided by
large organizations for a reward

9. Open Innovation
● InnoCentive (http://www.innocentive.com/)
○ Challenges the public to solve problems provided by
large organizations for a reward
○ A Simple detection of DNA sequences in unconventional
field was thought impossible
Solved after 4 weeks of being published at InnoCentive

10. Open Innovation
● PolyMath Project (http://polymathprojects.org/)
○ "Is Massively Collaborative Math Possible ?" Tim Gowers

11. Open Innovation
● PolyMath Project (http://polymathprojects.org/)
○ "Is Massively Collaborative Math Possible ?" Tim Gowers
○ 40 people collaborated in the course of 7 weeks and
found a new proof for a mathematical problem and
calculated bounds for the same problem

12. Citizen Science
A term used for projects or ongoing program of scientific work
in which individual volunteers or networks of volunteers, many
of whom may have no specific scientific training, perform or
manage research-related tasks such as observation,
measurement, or computation.

13. Citizen Science
Using Your Brain (Gaming)
● FoldIt, Solve Puzzles for Science (http://fold.it/portal/)
○ A computer game enabling you to contribute to important
scientific research
○ It attempts to predict the structure of a protein by taking
advantage of humans' puzzle-solving intuitions and
having people play competitively to fold the best
proteins.

14. Citizen Science
Using Your Computer
● SETI@Home, Search for Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence (http:
//setiathome.berkeley.edu/)
○ Internet-based public volunteer computing project that is
used to analyze radio signals, searching for signs of
extra terrestrial intelligence.

15. Citizen Science
Online Collaboration Sites
● Science for Citizens (http://scienceforcitizens.net/)
○ Enable and encourage people to learn about, participate
in, and contribute to science.
○ Inspire greater appreciation and promote a better
understanding of science and technology among the
general public.
○ Create a shared space where scientists can talk with
citizens interested in working on or learning about their
research projects.

16. Open Source Scientific Software
A lot of communities and research centers are producing such
software including
(NASA, MIT, Bell Labs, Ubuntu Science, SciPy, ....)

17. Open Access, Open Data, ...
● Open Access refers to unrestricted online access to articles
published in scholarly journals, and also increasingly to
book chapters or monographs.
● Open Data is the idea that certain data should be freely
available to everyone to use and republish as they wish,
without restrictions from copyright, patents or other
mechanisms of control.
● Other initiatives and movements are growing

18. Conclusion
● The current popular scientific methodology is OLD !
● Different initiatives are suggested to change that including
○ Open Innovation
○ Citizen Science
○ Open Source Scientific Software
○ Open Data
○ Open Access
● And most importantly there are ways for non-scientists to
participate in advancing human knowledge thanks to
openness concepts

19. References
● Wikipedia, 2011.
● Michael Nielsen's Blog.
● A Short History of Science Writing, http://www.scitext.com/history.php
● Open Source Science: A New Model for Innovation, http:
//hbswk.hbs.edu/item/5544.html
● The Future of Science is Open, http://3quarksdaily.blogs.
com/3quarksdaily/2006/10/the_future_of_s_1.html