P. Compston - Identifying and addressing the barriers to effective FMD vaccination in Nakuru county Kenya
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Session VI Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is endemic in Kenya, with frequent outbreaks. Understanding socioeconomic drivers affecting disease control within Kenya’s livestock systems, and the cost-effectiveness of control options, are important components of designing an FMD control programme. This study aimed to integrate quantitative economic analysis with qualitative data to provide recommendations for disease control.
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P. Compston - Identifying and addressing the barriers to effective FMD vaccination in Nakuru county Kenya
- 1. Polly Compston, Wyckliff Ngetich, Evalyne Chepkirui Bett, Grace Mania, Sheillah Orono, Christopher Auma, Harry Oyas, Nicholas Lyons, Joshua Onono, Abraham Sangula, Donald King, Georgina Limon, Barbara Häsler EuFMD Open Session October 2020 Identifying and addressing the barriers to effective foot-and-mouth disease vaccination in Nakuru County, Kenya Digitalization and innovation applied to the prevention and control of foot-and-mouth and similar transboundary animal diseases (FAST) OS22
- 2. Everyone in Kenya: Geffrey Dane, Samson Kosgey, Dickson Machira, Christopher Auma at Nakuru County DVS and the SCVOs, Farming Systems Kenya And many more….. Funding • RVC • The Pirbright Institute • EuFMD Acknowledgements
- 4. Key informant interviews March 2020 - March 2022 65 participants • National, county & subcounty government vets & paravets • Large & small scale farmers • Private veterinarians • Intergovernmental organisations • Agrovets & dairy cooperatives • Professional bodies Data collection and analysis Cross-sectional questionnaire survey November - December 2020 159 smallholder dairy households • 99 experienced FMD in the last 12 months Dataanalysis Qualitative data • Vaccine value chain description • Qualitative thematic analysis Quantitative data • Multiple component analysis • Partial budget analysis • Cost benefit evaluation
- 5. Economic analysis: vaccination Nakuru County Dairy sector • Public vaccination • 10-year programme • 3 vaccinations a year • Stochastic model Benefit cost ratio = 4.05 (IQR 3.40-4.72)
- 6. Household level analysis Gross margin Economic analysis: vaccination • Profile 1 (48%) : 3-8 cattle, zero or private grazing • Profile 2 (41%): 3-9 cattle, important source of household income • Profile 3 (11%): 5-87 cattle in low- input systems
- 7. •Relationship between surveillance and vaccination Vaccine delivery Communicating problems with the vaccine Unclear processes and roles Devolution Vaccine production Understanding of disease control and vaccination strategies Lack of epidemiological understanding of FMD reduces ability to plan or monitor vaccination Decreased trust and motivation in farmers to participate in vaccination campaigns Vaccination strategy is suboptimal Cannot monitor vaccination or vaccine programme implementation Insufficient integration of private sector Cannot fund appropriate vaccination Multiple challenges in the vaccine value chain
- 8. •Relationship between surveillance and vaccination Vaccine delivery Communicating problems with the vaccine Unclear processes and roles Devolution Vaccine production Understanding of disease control and vaccination strategies Multiple challenges in the vaccine value chain Lack of epidemiological understanding of FMD reduces ability to plan or monitor vaccination Decreased trust and motivation in farmers to participate in vaccination campaigns Vaccination strategy is suboptimal Cannot monitor vaccination or vaccine programme implementation Insufficient integration of private sector Cannot fund appropriate vaccination
- 9. •Relationship between surveillance and vaccination Vaccine delivery Communicating problems with the vaccine Unclear processes and roles Devolution Vaccine production Understanding of disease control and vaccination strategies Multiple challenges in the vaccine value chain Lack of epidemiological understanding of FMD reduces ability to plan or monitor vaccination Decreased trust and motivation in farmers to participate in vaccination campaigns Vaccination strategy is suboptimal Cannot monitor vaccination or vaccine programme implementation Insufficient integration of private sector Cannot fund appropriate vaccination
- 10. •Relationship between surveillance and vaccination Vaccine delivery Communicating problems with the vaccine Unclear processes and roles Devolution Vaccine production Understanding of disease control and vaccination strategies Multiple challenges in the vaccine value chain Lack of epidemiological understanding of FMD reduces ability to plan or monitor vaccination Decreased trust and motivation in farmers to participate in vaccination campaigns Vaccination strategy is suboptimal Cannot monitor vaccination or vaccine programme implementation Insufficient integration of private sector Cannot fund appropriate vaccination
- 11. •Relationship between surveillance and vaccination Vaccine delivery Communicating problems with the vaccine Unclear processes and roles Devolution Vaccine production Understanding of disease control and vaccination strategies Multiple challenges in the vaccine value chain Lack of epidemiological understanding of FMD reduces ability to plan or monitor vaccination Decreased trust and motivation in farmers to participate in vaccination campaigns Vaccination strategy is suboptimal Cannot monitor vaccination or vaccine programme implementation Insufficient integration of private sector Cannot fund appropriate vaccination
- 12. Discussion • Vaccination programmes have beneficial impacts for farmers • At least for some farmers…. • Economic analysis isn’t enough: for this benefit to occur requires transformational change • Budgets: consolidate and align to strategies • Coordination: vaccination across geographical areas • Align disease information with vaccination: provide relevant data to farmers and primary veterinarians • Transparency: build into communication mechanisms, clear roles and responsibilities
Notes de l'éditeur
- Innovation – incuding consideration of ourselves in the research Fabrizio – policy and researchers The largest costs experienced during an FMD outbreak calculated in this model are those due to the milk deficit produced during a delayed conception time. This may be difficult to account for when households are planning Disease Control as it may not be explicitly taken into account especially because so few households have records of normal lactation lengths or other fertility indices It's as important to place the costs and benefits per profile within the demographic, husbandry and so she economic characteristics of that profile, as this will help to plan targeted FMD vaccination campaigns that consider both economic benefits and social motivation to participate in Disease Control. For example households in profile two maybe most motivated to participate in Disease Control as they derive most of their household income from their livestock, yet they experience smaller impacts on a household or per cow basis. Finally the vaccination costs presented in this presentation a comparatively low for the farmer but this is a simplification as much of kenya's FMD vaccination is publicly funded or subsidized and delivered. Barriers to the perfect vaccination described exist and this is my opportunity to plug the presentation by my supervisor Barbara Haesler entitled Examining decision making in the vaccine value chain for foot-and-mouth disease in Kenya which goes into explaining those barriers in detail