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RAPID, ON SITE, DIAGNOSIS OF FMD AND SAFE AND
COST-EFFECTIVE SHIPMENT OF SAMPLES USING LATERAL
FLOW DEVICES FOR LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICS
Bakkali Kassimi L1, Belsham, G.J.2, Bulut A.N.3, Gorna, K.1, Hamers, C.4, Hudelet, P.4, Jamal, S.5, Laloy, E.1, Relmy, A.1,
Romey, A.1, Ularamu H.G.6, Zientara, S.1 and Blaise-Boisseau S.1
1Anses, France, 2DTU, Denmark, 3SAP/FMD Institute, Turkey, 4Boehringer Ingelheim, France,
5University of Malakand, Pakistan, 6 NVRI, Nigeria
Global Vaccine Security
Towards global control and eradication of FMD
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305238243_Genomics_and_outbreaks_Foot_and_mouth_disease; April, 2016.
Global Vaccine Security - OS18: Oct 2018, Italy
Towards global control and eradication of FMD
Global Vaccine Security - OS18: Oct 2018, Italy
Ularamu Hussaini, Nigeria, 2018
Ularamu Hussaini, Nigeria, 2018
Towards global control and eradication of FMD
Global Vaccine Security - OS18: Oct 2018, Italy
Ularamu Hussaini, Nigeria, 2018
Ularamu Hussaini, Nigeria, 2018
Towards global control and eradication of FMD
Global Vaccine Security - OS18: Oct 2018, Italy
Ularamu Hussaini, Nigeria, 2018
Ularamu Hussaini, Nigeria, 2018
Towards global control and eradication of FMD
Global Vaccine Security - OS18: Oct 2018, Italy
Ularamu Hussaini, Nigeria, 2018
Ularamu Hussaini, Nigeria, 2018
Towards global control and eradication of FMD
Global Vaccine Security - OS18: Oct 2018, Italy
Ularamu Hussaini, Nigeria, 2018
Ularamu Hussaini, Nigeria, 2018
Towards global control and eradication of FMD
Global Vaccine Security - OS18: Oct 2018, Italy
Use of lateral flow device for safe and low cost
shipment of FMDV suspected samples (FMDVINACT)
Towards global control and eradication of FMD
Global Vaccine Security - OS18: Oct 2018, Italy
Use of lateral flow device for safe and low cost
shipment of FMDV suspected samples (FMDVINACT)
Experimental protocol
Global Vaccine Security - OS18: Oct 2018, Italy
Viral
suspension
Elution
Inoculation on cells
30min
Soaking
15min
in 0.2%
C6H8O7
Experimental protocol
Global Vaccine Security - OS18: Oct 2018, Italy
Viral
suspension
RNA
extraction
Elution
Inoculation on cells
RT-rtPCR 3D & IRES
rtPCR VP1 & sequencing
30min
Soaking
15min
in 0.2%
C6H8O7
3DL VP4 VP2 VP3 2A 2B 2C 3A 3B 3CVP1
VPg5’ 3’
IRES
3B 3B
Structural proteins Non-structural proteins
Experimental protocol
Global Vaccine Security - OS18: Oct 2018, Italy
Viral
suspension
RNA
extraction
Elution
Inoculation on cells
RT-rtPCR 3D & IRES
rtPCR VP1 & sequencing
Chemical
transfection
Virus
rescue
30min
Soaking
15min
in 0.2%
C6H8O7
3DL VP4 VP2 VP3 2A 2B 2C 3A 3B 3CVP1
VPg5’ 3’
IRES
3B 3B
Structural proteins Non-structural proteins
Experimental protocol
Global Vaccine Security - OS18: Oct 2018, Italy
Viral
suspension
RNA
extraction
Elution
Inoculation on cells
RT-rtPCR 3D & IRES
rtPCR VP1 & sequencing
Chemical
transfection
Virus
rescue
30min
Soaking
15min
in 0.2%
C6H8O7
3DL VP4 VP2 VP3 2A 2B 2C 3A 3B 3CVP1
VPg5’ 3’
IRES
3B 3B
Structural proteins Non-structural proteins
• 7 reference strains
• 3 archival samples
Field evaluation
o Anses, France (coordinator)
o Technical University of Denmark (DTU)
o FMD Research Centre of Nigeria (NRVI)
o FMD Institute of Turkey (SAP)
o University of Malakand in Pakistan (UM)
o Merial- Boehringer Ingelheim (BI)
Evaluation in field conditions of a safe and cost-effective
protocol for shipment of samples from FMD suspected
cases for laboratory diagnostic (FIELD_EVAL_INACT)
Global Vaccine Security - OS18: Oct 2018, Italy
Discard
citric acid
In farm
Global Vaccine Security - OS18: Oct 2018, Italy
Field evaluation on freshly collected clinical samples
Decontamination
solution
S1 S2 S3
In decontamination area
Discard
citric acid
In farm
Global Vaccine Security - OS18: Oct 2018, Italy
Field evaluation on freshly collected clinical samples
Decontamination
solution
S1 S2 S3
In decontamination area
Discard
citric acid
Triple packaging
At room T
S1
S2
S3
In clean area
In farm
Global Vaccine Security - OS18: Oct 2018, Italy
Field evaluation on freshly collected clinical samples
Field evaluation on freshly collected clinical samples
Global Vaccine Security - OS18: Oct 2018, Italy
Samples collection and inactivation of LFD in the field
Global Vaccine Security - OS18: Oct 2018, Italy
Turkey, n=20, completed
Nigeria, n=20, completed
Pakistan, n=400, in progress
Samples collection and inactivation of LFD in the field
Global Vaccine Security - OS18: Oct 2018, Italy
Turkey, n=20, completed
Nigeria, n=20, completed
Pakistan, n=400, in progress
Ularamu Hussaini, Nigeria, 2018 Ularamu Hussaini, Nigeria, 2018 Ularamu Hussaini, Nigeria, 2018
Field evaluation on freshly collected clinical samples
Global Vaccine Security - OS18: Oct 2018, Italy
Ularamu Hussaini, Nigeria, 2018 Ularamu Hussaini, Nigeria, 2018Ularamu Hussaini, Nigeria, 2018
Naci Bulut, Turkey, 2018 Ularamu Hussaini, Nigeria, 2018 Naci Bulut, Turkey, 2018
Safety tests in the lab
Global Vaccine Security - OS18: Oct 2018, Italy
Denmark
France
Nigeria
Turkey
Safety tests in the lab
9Global Vaccine Security - OS18: Oct 2018, Italy
Denmark
France
Nigeria
Turkey
… in progress
Elution Inoculation
on cells
15min
in 0.2%
C6H8O7
Molecular detections in the lab
Global Vaccine Security - OS18: Oct 2018, Italy
Denmark
France
Netherlands
Molecular detections in the lab
Global Vaccine Security - OS18: Oct 2018, Italy
Denmark
France
Netherlands
… in progress
15min
in 0.2%
C6H8O7
RNA
extraction
RT-rtPCR
3D &
IRES
rtPCR VP1
&
sequencing
Virus rescue in the lab
Global Vaccine Security - OS18: Oct 2018, Italy
Denmark
France
Netherlands
Virus rescue in the lab
Global Vaccine Security - OS18: Oct 2018, Italy
Denmark
France
Netherlands
… in progress
RNA
extraction
15min
in 0.2%
C6H8O7
Chemical
transfection
Virus rescue in the lab
Global Vaccine Security - OS18: Oct 2018, Italy
Denmark
France
Netherlands
… in progress
RNA
extraction
15min
in 0.2%
C6H8O7
Chemical
transfection
Optimization step
Optimization of RNA chemical transfection
Global Vaccine Security - OS18: Oct 2018, Italy
Chemical
Reagents
RNA/ transfectants
ratios
CPE on cells 24 hpt
IBRS-2 ZZ-R-127 BHK-21
Lipo 2000
1 + ++ -
2 ++ +++ -
3 ++ +++ -
4 ++ +++ -
5 - + -
6 - ++ -
7 - ++ -
8 - ++ -
Lipo 3000
1 - + -
2 +/- ++ -
3 + ++ -
4 + ++ -
5 - +/- -
6 - + -
7 - +/- -
8 - +/- -
Messenger
MAX
1 +++ ++ -
2 +++ ++ -
3 +++ +++ -
4 Toxicity +++ -
5 - ++ -
6 - ++ -
7 - ++ -
8 - ++ -
Trans-IT
1 +++ ++ +/-
2 +++ ++ +/-
3 +++ + +/-
4 +++ + +/-
5 +/- +/- -
6 +/- +/- -
7 +/- +/- -
8 +/- +/- -
Transfast
1 ++ ++ +/-
2 ++ ++ +/-
3 ++ ++ +/-
4 +/- Toxicity -
5 +/- Toxicity -
6 +/- Toxicity -
Optimization step
- 5 transfection reagents
(Biswal et al., 2015; Bisht et al., 2014…)
- 8 conditions per reagent
- 3 cells lines
Optimization of RNA chemical transfection
Global Vaccine Security - OS18: Oct 2018, Italy
Chemical
Reagents
RNA/ transfectants
ratios
CPE on cells 24 hpt
IBRS-2 ZZ-R-127 BHK-21
Lipo 2000
1 + ++ -
2 ++ +++ -
3 ++ +++ -
4 ++ +++ -
5 - + -
6 - ++ -
7 - ++ -
8 - ++ -
Lipo 3000
1 - + -
2 +/- ++ -
3 + ++ -
4 + ++ -
5 - +/- -
6 - + -
7 - +/- -
8 - +/- -
Messenger
MAX
1 +++ ++ -
2 +++ ++ -
3 +++ +++ -
4 Toxicity +++ -
5 - ++ -
6 - ++ -
7 - ++ -
8 - ++ -
Trans-IT
1 +++ ++ +/-
2 +++ ++ +/-
3 +++ + +/-
4 +++ + +/-
5 +/- +/- -
6 +/- +/- -
7 +/- +/- -
8 +/- +/- -
Transfast
1 ++ ++ +/-
2 ++ ++ +/-
3 ++ ++ +/-
4 +/- Toxicity -
5 +/- Toxicity -
6 +/- Toxicity -
MockCPE on ZZ-R-127 48h post-transfection
Optimization of RNA chemical transfection
Global Vaccine Security - OS18: Oct 2018, Italy
Chemical
Reagents
RNA/ transfectants
ratios
CPE on cells 24 hpt
IBRS-2 ZZ-R-127 BHK-21
Lipo 2000
1 + ++ -
2 ++ +++ -
3 ++ +++ -
4 ++ +++ -
5 - + -
6 - ++ -
7 - ++ -
8 - ++ -
Lipo 3000
1 - + -
2 +/- ++ -
3 + ++ -
4 + ++ -
5 - +/- -
6 - + -
7 - +/- -
8 - +/- -
Messenger
MAX
1 +++ ++ -
2 +++ ++ -
3 +++ +++ -
4 Toxicity +++ -
5 - ++ -
6 - ++ -
7 - ++ -
8 - ++ -
Trans-IT
1 +++ ++ +/-
2 +++ ++ +/-
3 +++ + +/-
4 +++ + +/-
5 +/- +/- -
6 +/- +/- -
7 +/- +/- -
8 +/- +/- -
Transfast
1 ++ ++ +/-
2 ++ ++ +/-
3 ++ ++ +/-
4 +/- Toxicity -
5 +/- Toxicity -
6 +/- Toxicity -
MockCPE on ZZ-R-127 48h post-transfection
2 transfection reagents
1 condition per reagent
1 cell line
… in progress
Conclusion
Global Vaccine Security - OS18: Oct 2018, Italy
Ularamu Hussaini, Nigeria, 2018
Ularamu Hussaini, Nigeria, 2018
Conclusion
Global Vaccine Security - OS18: Oct 2018, Italy
Soaking
15min
in 0.2%
C6H8O7
Ularamu Hussaini, Nigeria, 2018
Ularamu Hussaini, Nigeria, 2018
Conclusion
Global Vaccine Security - OS18: Oct 2018, Italy
Soaking
15min
in 0.2%
C6H8O7
Romey,Guinée,2018
Ularamu Hussaini, Nigeria, 2018
Ularamu Hussaini, Nigeria, 2018
Conclusion
Global Vaccine Security - OS18: Oct 2018, Italy
Soaking
15min
in 0.2%
C6H8O7
Effective
vaccine
selection
UlaramuHussaini,Nigeria,2018
Romey,Guinée,2018
Ularamu Hussaini, Nigeria, 2018
Conclusion
Global Vaccine Security - OS18: Oct 2018, Italy
Soaking
15min
in 0.2%
C6H8O7
Effective
vaccine
selection
UlaramuHussaini,Nigeria,2018
Romey,Guinée,2018
Ularamu Hussaini, Nigeria, 2018
Grazie a tutti per l’attenzione e per l'organizzazione

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Rapid, on site, diagnosis of FMD and safe and cost-effective shipment of samples using lateral flow devices for laboratory diagnostics (A. Romey)

  • 1. RAPID, ON SITE, DIAGNOSIS OF FMD AND SAFE AND COST-EFFECTIVE SHIPMENT OF SAMPLES USING LATERAL FLOW DEVICES FOR LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICS Bakkali Kassimi L1, Belsham, G.J.2, Bulut A.N.3, Gorna, K.1, Hamers, C.4, Hudelet, P.4, Jamal, S.5, Laloy, E.1, Relmy, A.1, Romey, A.1, Ularamu H.G.6, Zientara, S.1 and Blaise-Boisseau S.1 1Anses, France, 2DTU, Denmark, 3SAP/FMD Institute, Turkey, 4Boehringer Ingelheim, France, 5University of Malakand, Pakistan, 6 NVRI, Nigeria Global Vaccine Security
  • 2. Towards global control and eradication of FMD https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305238243_Genomics_and_outbreaks_Foot_and_mouth_disease; April, 2016. Global Vaccine Security - OS18: Oct 2018, Italy
  • 3. Towards global control and eradication of FMD Global Vaccine Security - OS18: Oct 2018, Italy Ularamu Hussaini, Nigeria, 2018 Ularamu Hussaini, Nigeria, 2018
  • 4. Towards global control and eradication of FMD Global Vaccine Security - OS18: Oct 2018, Italy Ularamu Hussaini, Nigeria, 2018 Ularamu Hussaini, Nigeria, 2018
  • 5. Towards global control and eradication of FMD Global Vaccine Security - OS18: Oct 2018, Italy Ularamu Hussaini, Nigeria, 2018 Ularamu Hussaini, Nigeria, 2018
  • 6. Towards global control and eradication of FMD Global Vaccine Security - OS18: Oct 2018, Italy Ularamu Hussaini, Nigeria, 2018 Ularamu Hussaini, Nigeria, 2018
  • 7. Towards global control and eradication of FMD Global Vaccine Security - OS18: Oct 2018, Italy Ularamu Hussaini, Nigeria, 2018 Ularamu Hussaini, Nigeria, 2018
  • 8. Towards global control and eradication of FMD Global Vaccine Security - OS18: Oct 2018, Italy Use of lateral flow device for safe and low cost shipment of FMDV suspected samples (FMDVINACT)
  • 9. Towards global control and eradication of FMD Global Vaccine Security - OS18: Oct 2018, Italy Use of lateral flow device for safe and low cost shipment of FMDV suspected samples (FMDVINACT)
  • 10. Experimental protocol Global Vaccine Security - OS18: Oct 2018, Italy Viral suspension Elution Inoculation on cells 30min Soaking 15min in 0.2% C6H8O7
  • 11. Experimental protocol Global Vaccine Security - OS18: Oct 2018, Italy Viral suspension RNA extraction Elution Inoculation on cells RT-rtPCR 3D & IRES rtPCR VP1 & sequencing 30min Soaking 15min in 0.2% C6H8O7 3DL VP4 VP2 VP3 2A 2B 2C 3A 3B 3CVP1 VPg5’ 3’ IRES 3B 3B Structural proteins Non-structural proteins
  • 12. Experimental protocol Global Vaccine Security - OS18: Oct 2018, Italy Viral suspension RNA extraction Elution Inoculation on cells RT-rtPCR 3D & IRES rtPCR VP1 & sequencing Chemical transfection Virus rescue 30min Soaking 15min in 0.2% C6H8O7 3DL VP4 VP2 VP3 2A 2B 2C 3A 3B 3CVP1 VPg5’ 3’ IRES 3B 3B Structural proteins Non-structural proteins
  • 13. Experimental protocol Global Vaccine Security - OS18: Oct 2018, Italy Viral suspension RNA extraction Elution Inoculation on cells RT-rtPCR 3D & IRES rtPCR VP1 & sequencing Chemical transfection Virus rescue 30min Soaking 15min in 0.2% C6H8O7 3DL VP4 VP2 VP3 2A 2B 2C 3A 3B 3CVP1 VPg5’ 3’ IRES 3B 3B Structural proteins Non-structural proteins • 7 reference strains • 3 archival samples
  • 14. Field evaluation o Anses, France (coordinator) o Technical University of Denmark (DTU) o FMD Research Centre of Nigeria (NRVI) o FMD Institute of Turkey (SAP) o University of Malakand in Pakistan (UM) o Merial- Boehringer Ingelheim (BI) Evaluation in field conditions of a safe and cost-effective protocol for shipment of samples from FMD suspected cases for laboratory diagnostic (FIELD_EVAL_INACT) Global Vaccine Security - OS18: Oct 2018, Italy
  • 15. Discard citric acid In farm Global Vaccine Security - OS18: Oct 2018, Italy Field evaluation on freshly collected clinical samples
  • 16. Decontamination solution S1 S2 S3 In decontamination area Discard citric acid In farm Global Vaccine Security - OS18: Oct 2018, Italy Field evaluation on freshly collected clinical samples
  • 17. Decontamination solution S1 S2 S3 In decontamination area Discard citric acid Triple packaging At room T S1 S2 S3 In clean area In farm Global Vaccine Security - OS18: Oct 2018, Italy Field evaluation on freshly collected clinical samples
  • 18. Field evaluation on freshly collected clinical samples Global Vaccine Security - OS18: Oct 2018, Italy
  • 19. Samples collection and inactivation of LFD in the field Global Vaccine Security - OS18: Oct 2018, Italy Turkey, n=20, completed Nigeria, n=20, completed Pakistan, n=400, in progress
  • 20. Samples collection and inactivation of LFD in the field Global Vaccine Security - OS18: Oct 2018, Italy Turkey, n=20, completed Nigeria, n=20, completed Pakistan, n=400, in progress Ularamu Hussaini, Nigeria, 2018 Ularamu Hussaini, Nigeria, 2018 Ularamu Hussaini, Nigeria, 2018
  • 21. Field evaluation on freshly collected clinical samples Global Vaccine Security - OS18: Oct 2018, Italy Ularamu Hussaini, Nigeria, 2018 Ularamu Hussaini, Nigeria, 2018Ularamu Hussaini, Nigeria, 2018 Naci Bulut, Turkey, 2018 Ularamu Hussaini, Nigeria, 2018 Naci Bulut, Turkey, 2018
  • 22. Safety tests in the lab Global Vaccine Security - OS18: Oct 2018, Italy Denmark France Nigeria Turkey
  • 23. Safety tests in the lab 9Global Vaccine Security - OS18: Oct 2018, Italy Denmark France Nigeria Turkey … in progress Elution Inoculation on cells 15min in 0.2% C6H8O7
  • 24. Molecular detections in the lab Global Vaccine Security - OS18: Oct 2018, Italy Denmark France Netherlands
  • 25. Molecular detections in the lab Global Vaccine Security - OS18: Oct 2018, Italy Denmark France Netherlands … in progress 15min in 0.2% C6H8O7 RNA extraction RT-rtPCR 3D & IRES rtPCR VP1 & sequencing
  • 26. Virus rescue in the lab Global Vaccine Security - OS18: Oct 2018, Italy Denmark France Netherlands
  • 27. Virus rescue in the lab Global Vaccine Security - OS18: Oct 2018, Italy Denmark France Netherlands … in progress RNA extraction 15min in 0.2% C6H8O7 Chemical transfection
  • 28. Virus rescue in the lab Global Vaccine Security - OS18: Oct 2018, Italy Denmark France Netherlands … in progress RNA extraction 15min in 0.2% C6H8O7 Chemical transfection Optimization step
  • 29. Optimization of RNA chemical transfection Global Vaccine Security - OS18: Oct 2018, Italy Chemical Reagents RNA/ transfectants ratios CPE on cells 24 hpt IBRS-2 ZZ-R-127 BHK-21 Lipo 2000 1 + ++ - 2 ++ +++ - 3 ++ +++ - 4 ++ +++ - 5 - + - 6 - ++ - 7 - ++ - 8 - ++ - Lipo 3000 1 - + - 2 +/- ++ - 3 + ++ - 4 + ++ - 5 - +/- - 6 - + - 7 - +/- - 8 - +/- - Messenger MAX 1 +++ ++ - 2 +++ ++ - 3 +++ +++ - 4 Toxicity +++ - 5 - ++ - 6 - ++ - 7 - ++ - 8 - ++ - Trans-IT 1 +++ ++ +/- 2 +++ ++ +/- 3 +++ + +/- 4 +++ + +/- 5 +/- +/- - 6 +/- +/- - 7 +/- +/- - 8 +/- +/- - Transfast 1 ++ ++ +/- 2 ++ ++ +/- 3 ++ ++ +/- 4 +/- Toxicity - 5 +/- Toxicity - 6 +/- Toxicity - Optimization step - 5 transfection reagents (Biswal et al., 2015; Bisht et al., 2014…) - 8 conditions per reagent - 3 cells lines
  • 30. Optimization of RNA chemical transfection Global Vaccine Security - OS18: Oct 2018, Italy Chemical Reagents RNA/ transfectants ratios CPE on cells 24 hpt IBRS-2 ZZ-R-127 BHK-21 Lipo 2000 1 + ++ - 2 ++ +++ - 3 ++ +++ - 4 ++ +++ - 5 - + - 6 - ++ - 7 - ++ - 8 - ++ - Lipo 3000 1 - + - 2 +/- ++ - 3 + ++ - 4 + ++ - 5 - +/- - 6 - + - 7 - +/- - 8 - +/- - Messenger MAX 1 +++ ++ - 2 +++ ++ - 3 +++ +++ - 4 Toxicity +++ - 5 - ++ - 6 - ++ - 7 - ++ - 8 - ++ - Trans-IT 1 +++ ++ +/- 2 +++ ++ +/- 3 +++ + +/- 4 +++ + +/- 5 +/- +/- - 6 +/- +/- - 7 +/- +/- - 8 +/- +/- - Transfast 1 ++ ++ +/- 2 ++ ++ +/- 3 ++ ++ +/- 4 +/- Toxicity - 5 +/- Toxicity - 6 +/- Toxicity - MockCPE on ZZ-R-127 48h post-transfection
  • 31. Optimization of RNA chemical transfection Global Vaccine Security - OS18: Oct 2018, Italy Chemical Reagents RNA/ transfectants ratios CPE on cells 24 hpt IBRS-2 ZZ-R-127 BHK-21 Lipo 2000 1 + ++ - 2 ++ +++ - 3 ++ +++ - 4 ++ +++ - 5 - + - 6 - ++ - 7 - ++ - 8 - ++ - Lipo 3000 1 - + - 2 +/- ++ - 3 + ++ - 4 + ++ - 5 - +/- - 6 - + - 7 - +/- - 8 - +/- - Messenger MAX 1 +++ ++ - 2 +++ ++ - 3 +++ +++ - 4 Toxicity +++ - 5 - ++ - 6 - ++ - 7 - ++ - 8 - ++ - Trans-IT 1 +++ ++ +/- 2 +++ ++ +/- 3 +++ + +/- 4 +++ + +/- 5 +/- +/- - 6 +/- +/- - 7 +/- +/- - 8 +/- +/- - Transfast 1 ++ ++ +/- 2 ++ ++ +/- 3 ++ ++ +/- 4 +/- Toxicity - 5 +/- Toxicity - 6 +/- Toxicity - MockCPE on ZZ-R-127 48h post-transfection 2 transfection reagents 1 condition per reagent 1 cell line … in progress
  • 32. Conclusion Global Vaccine Security - OS18: Oct 2018, Italy Ularamu Hussaini, Nigeria, 2018 Ularamu Hussaini, Nigeria, 2018
  • 33. Conclusion Global Vaccine Security - OS18: Oct 2018, Italy Soaking 15min in 0.2% C6H8O7 Ularamu Hussaini, Nigeria, 2018 Ularamu Hussaini, Nigeria, 2018
  • 34. Conclusion Global Vaccine Security - OS18: Oct 2018, Italy Soaking 15min in 0.2% C6H8O7 Romey,Guinée,2018 Ularamu Hussaini, Nigeria, 2018 Ularamu Hussaini, Nigeria, 2018
  • 35. Conclusion Global Vaccine Security - OS18: Oct 2018, Italy Soaking 15min in 0.2% C6H8O7 Effective vaccine selection UlaramuHussaini,Nigeria,2018 Romey,Guinée,2018 Ularamu Hussaini, Nigeria, 2018
  • 36. Conclusion Global Vaccine Security - OS18: Oct 2018, Italy Soaking 15min in 0.2% C6H8O7 Effective vaccine selection UlaramuHussaini,Nigeria,2018 Romey,Guinée,2018 Ularamu Hussaini, Nigeria, 2018
  • 37. Grazie a tutti per l’attenzione e per l'organizzazione