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Microscope Notes
Microscope Notes
Microscope Notes
Microscope Notes
History of the Microscope




                        2
History of the Microscope

• 1590 –first compound
  microscope



                         2
History of the Microscope

• 1590 –first compound
  microscope



                         2
Microscope
Microscope
One or more lens that makes an enlarged image of an object.
Microscope
One or more lens that makes an enlarged image of an object.
History of the Microscope




                        4
History of the Microscope

• 1655 – Robert Hooke used
  a compound microscope
  to observe pores in cork


                        4
History of the Microscope

• 1655 – Robert Hooke used
  a compound microscope
  to observe pores in cork
   –He called them “cells”
                        4
5
History of the Microscope




                        6
History of the Microscope

• Antoine van Leeuwenhoek




                        6
History of the Microscope

• Antoine van Leeuwenhoek
  –1st to see single-celled

   organisms in pond water


                        6
Microscope Vocabulary




                        7
Microscope Vocabulary
• Magnification: increase of
  an object’s apparent size




                          7
Microscope Vocabulary
• Magnification: increase of
  an object’s apparent size
• Resolution: power to show
  details clearly


                         7
Microscope Vocabulary
• Magnification: increase of
  an object’s apparent size
• Resolution: power to show
  details clearly
• Both are needed to see a
  clear image            7
Types of Microscopes
Types of Microscopes
Types of Microscopes
 • Simple
Types of Microscopes
 • Simple
 • Compound
Types of Microscopes
 • Simple
 • Compound
 • Stereoscopic
Types of Microscopes
 •   Simple
 •   Compound
 •   Stereoscopic
 •   Electron
Simple Microscope
Simple Microscope
• Similar to a magnifying glass and has only
  one lens.
Simple Microscope
• Similar to a magnifying glass and has only
  one lens.
Simple Microscope
• Similar to a magnifying glass and has only
  one lens.
Simple Microscope
• Similar to a magnifying glass and has only
  one lens.
Compound Microscope
Compound Microscope
• Lets light pass through an object and then
  through two or more lenses.
Compound Microscope
• Lets light pass through an object and then
  through two or more lenses.
Compound Microscope
• Lets light pass through an object and then
  through two or more lenses.
Compound Microscope
• Lets light pass through an object and then
  through two or more lenses.
Compound Microscope
• Lets light pass through an object and then
  through two or more lenses.
Types of Microscopes




                       11
Types of Microscopes

• 1. Compound Light Microscope




                           11
Types of Microscopes

• 1. Compound Light Microscope
  –1 st type of microscope, most

   widely used



                            11
Types of Microscopes

• 1. Compound Light Microscope
  –1 st type of microscope, most

   widely used
  –light passes through 2 lenses


                            11
Types of Microscopes

• 1. Compound Light Microscope
  –1 st type of microscope, most

   widely used
  –light passes through 2 lenses
  –Can magnify up to 2000x
                            11
Ocular lens


Objective
lenses



        12
Electron
Microscope
Electron
Microscope
•   Uses a
    magnetic
    field to
    bend
    beams of
    electrons
    ; instead
    of using
    lenses to
    bend
    beams of
    light.
Types of Microscopes




                       14
Types of Microscopes
• 2. Electron Microscope




                           14
Types of Microscopes
• 2. Electron Microscope
  –Used to observe VERY small
    objects: viruses, DNA, parts
    of cells



                            14
Types of Microscopes
• 2. Electron Microscope
  –Used to observe VERY small
    objects: viruses, DNA, parts
    of cells
  –Uses beams of electrons
    rather than light
                            14
Types of Microscopes
• 2. Electron Microscope
  –Used to observe VERY small
    objects: viruses, DNA, parts
    of cells
  –Uses beams of electrons
    rather than light
  –Much more powerful       14
Types of Microscopes




                       15
Types of Microscopes

• Transmission Electron
  Microscope (TEM)




                          15
Types of Microscopes

• Transmission Electron
  Microscope (TEM)
  –Can magnify up to
   250,000x

                          15
16
17
18
Types of Microscopes




                       19
Types of Microscopes

• Scanning Electron
  Microscope (SEM)




                       19
Types of Microscopes

• Scanning Electron
  Microscope (SEM)
  –Can magnify up to
   100,000x

                       19
20
21
22
Stereoscopic Microscope
Stereoscopic Microscope
• Gives a three dimensional view of an object.
  (Examples: insects and leaves)
Stereoscopic Microscope
• Gives a three dimensional view of an object.
  (Examples: insects and leaves)
Stereoscopic Microscope
• Gives a three dimensional view of an object.
  (Examples: insects and leaves)
Stereoscopic Microscope
• Gives a three dimensional view of an object.
  (Examples: insects and leaves)
24
25
A Lens
A Lens
• Enlarges an image and bends the light
  toward your eye.
A Lens
• Enlarges an image and bends the light
  toward your eye.
A Lens
• Enlarges an image and bends the light
  toward your eye.
A Lens
• Enlarges an image and bends the light
  toward your eye.
Usually has a power of 10 x
Eyepiece Lens




Usually has a power of 10 x
Eyepiece Lens
Eyepiece Lens
Eyepiece Lens

     X
Eyepiece Lens

     X
Eyepiece Lens

      X

Objective Lens
Eyepiece Lens

      X

Objective Lens
      =
Eyepiece Lens

        X

  Objective Lens
        =
Total Magnification
Objective Lenses
Objective Lenses
Objective Lenses
Objective Lenses
     Low Power = 4 x
Objective Lenses
     Low Power = 4 x
Objective Lenses
     Low Power = 4 x

    Medium Power = 10 x
Objective Lenses
     Low Power = 4 x

    Medium Power = 10 x
Objective Lenses
     Low Power = 4 x

    Medium Power = 10 x

     High Power = 40 x
Introduction to the
    Microscope
     Care
     Parts
     Focusing
31
• Always carry with 2 hands




                              31
• Always carry with 2 hands
• Only use lens paper for cleaning




                                     31
• Always carry with 2 hands
• Only use lens paper for cleaning
• Do not force knobs




                                     31
•   Always carry with 2 hands
•   Only use lens paper for cleaning
•   Do not force knobs
•   Always store covered




                                       31
•   Always carry with 2 hands
•   Only use lens paper for cleaning
•   Do not force knobs
•   Always store covered
•   Keep objects clear of desk and cords



                                   31
32
Eyepiece




     32
Eyepiece
Body Tube




                 32
Eyepiece
        Body Tube


Revolving Nosepiece




                           32
Eyepiece
        Body Tube


Revolving Nosepiece

  Objective Lens




                           32
Eyepiece
        Body Tube


Revolving Nosepiece
                       Arm
  Objective Lens




                             32
Eyepiece
        Body Tube


Revolving Nosepiece
                       Arm
  Objective Lens

                       Stage




                             32
Eyepiece
        Body Tube


Revolving Nosepiece
                       Arm
  Objective Lens

                       Stage
     Stage Clips




                             32
Eyepiece
        Body Tube


Revolving Nosepiece
                       Arm
  Objective Lens

                       Stage
     Stage Clips
                      Coarse Focus




                             32
Eyepiece
        Body Tube


Revolving Nosepiece
                       Arm
  Objective Lens

                       Stage
     Stage Clips
                      Coarse Focus
                      Fine Focus




                             32
Eyepiece
        Body Tube


Revolving Nosepiece
                       Arm
  Objective Lens

                       Stage
     Stage Clips
                      Coarse Focus
                      Fine Focus


                      Base



                             32
Eyepiece
        Body Tube


Revolving Nosepiece
                       Arm
  Objective Lens

                       Stage
     Stage Clips
                      Coarse Focus
     Diaphragm
                      Fine Focus


                      Base



                             32
Eyepiece
        Body Tube


Revolving Nosepiece
                       Arm
  Objective Lens

                       Stage
     Stage Clips
                      Coarse Focus
     Diaphragm
                      Fine Focus
           Light

                      Base



                             32
33
33
• Place the Slide on the
  Microscope




                           33
• Place the Slide on the
  Microscope
• Use Stage Clips




                           33
• Place the Slide on the
  Microscope
• Use Stage Clips
• Click Nosepiece to the lowest
  (shortest) setting




                                  33
• Place the Slide on the
  Microscope
• Use Stage Clips
• Click Nosepiece to the lowest
  (shortest) setting
• Look into the Eyepiece




                                  33
• Place the Slide on the
  Microscope
• Use Stage Clips
• Click Nosepiece to the lowest
  (shortest) setting
• Look into the Eyepiece
• Use the Coarse Focus



                                  33
34
• Follow steps to focus using low power




                                    34
• Follow steps to focus using low power
• Click the nosepiece to the longest objective




                                      34
• Follow steps to focus using low power
• Click the nosepiece to the longest objective
• Do NOT use the Coarse Focusing Knob




                                      34
•   Follow steps to focus using low power
•   Click the nosepiece to the longest objective
•   Do NOT use the Coarse Focusing Knob
•   Use the Fine Focus Knob to bring the slide




                                        34
•   Follow steps to focus using low power
•   Click the nosepiece to the longest objective
•   Do NOT use the Coarse Focusing Knob
•   Use the Fine Focus Knob to bring the slide




                                        34

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Microscope

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